ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS

MONDAY MARCH 10TH, 2014

Grab the notes as you enter Agenda

How did Justinian try to preserve the Roman way of life? Why did the Byzantine empire collapse? Why did Christianity divide in Rome?

Test scores! Notes Chapter 11 Section 1

NEW! VOCAB

Questions At the end of our notes

CHAPTER 11: BYZANTINES, RUSSIAN AND TURKS

MAIN IDEA: Byzantine, Russian, and Turkish cultures develop, while Christian and Islamic societies fight over religious issues and territory.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How can interaction between cultures both benefit and impair the advancement of a civilization?

CHAPTER 11 SECTION 1
The Byzantine Empire

SECTION 1: BREAKING IT DOWN

MAIN

IDEA: AFTER ROME SPLIT, THE EASTERN EMPIRE, KNOWN AS BYZANTIUM, FLOURISHED FOR A THOUSAND YEARS.
WHY

IT MATTERS NOW: BYZANTINE CULTURE DEEPLY INFLUENCED ORTHODOX CHRISTIANITY, A MAJOR BRANCH OF MODERN CHRISTIANITY.

SETTING THE STAGE

After the collapse of Rome Germanic tribes took over Rome Divided into E and W empires 330AD

E empire was Byzantium

398 AD Rome was split E Emperors still wanted control of all Byzantium would carry on the legacy of Rome

A NEW ROME IN A NEW SETTING

The

Eastern Roman Empire

Roman Empire officially divides into East and West in 395 Eastern Empire flourishes; becomes known as Byzantium Justinian becomes emperor of Byzantium in 527 His armies reconquer much of former Roman territory Byzantine emperors head state and church; use brutal politics

LIFE IN THE NEW ROME

New

Laws for the Empire

Justinian seeks to revise and update laws for governing the empire Justinian Codenew set of laws consisting of four main parts Code regulates much of Byzantine life; lasts for 900 years

JUSTINIAN CODE OF LAW

1. THE CODE CONTAINED NEARLY 5,000 ROMAN LAWS, WHICH THE EXPERTS STILL CONSIDERED USEFUL FOR THE BYZANTINE EMPIRE. 2. THE DIGEST QUOTED AND SUMMARIZED THE OPINIONS OF ROMES GREATEST LEGALTHINKERS ABOUT THE LAWS. THIS MASSIVE WORK RAN TO A TOTAL OF 50 VOLUMES. 3. THE INSTITUTES WAS A TEXTBOOK THAT TOLD LAW STUDENTS HOW TO USE THE LAWS. 4. THE NOVELLAE (NEW LAWS) PRESENTED LEGISLATION PASSED AFTER 534.

CONTINUED

Creating the Imperial Capital

Justinian launches program to beautify capital, Constantinople Constructs new buildings; builds magnificent church, Hagia Sophia Byzantines preserve Greco-Roman culture and learning

Constantinoples Hectic Pace

City becomes trading hub with major marketplace Giant Hippodrome offers chariot races and other entertainment Racing fans start riots in 532; government restores order violently Empress Theodorapowerful wife and adviser to Justinian

THE EMPIRE FALLS

Years

of Turmoil

Justinian dies in 565; empire faces many crises after his death

The

Plague of Justinian from East and West

Bubonic plague repeatedly sweeps empire; kills many residents

Attacks

Byzantium faces attacks from many different groups Empire survives through bribery, diplomacy, and military power Constantinople falls in 1453; brings an end to Byzantine Empire

THE CHURCH DIVIDES

A Religious Split

Christianity develops differently in Eastern and Western Roman Empires Two churches disagree over many issues, including use of icons Icons are religious images used to aid in prayer Leading bishop of Eastern Christianity known as patriarch In the West, pope excommunicated emperor banished him from the Church

A Religious Split
Pope and patriarch excommunicate each other over religious doctrines Eastern and Western churches officially split in 1054 WestRoman Catholic Church; EastOrthodox Church

THE CHURCH DIVIDED

Byzantine

Missionaries Convert the Slavs

Eastern Orthodox missionaries seek to convert northern peoples, Slavs Missionaries create Cyrillic alphabetbasis of many Slavic languages Alphabet enables many groups to read the Bible

ROMAN CATHOLIC VS. EASTERN ORTHODOX

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
How did Justinian try to preserve the Roman way of life? Why did the Byzantine empire collapse? Why did Christianity divide in Rome?

SECTION 1 QUESTIONS
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

What were the names and characteristics of the four parts of the Justinian Code? What were some important features of life in Constantinople? Which peoples attacked the Byzantine Empire? What part of the empire did they invade? What two main religions emerged out of the split in the Christian Church? How were they similar/different? In what ways did the Byzantine Empire interact with different cultures? Did this help or hurt them?