ENGINEERING PROJECT IDEAS:1.)Cutting Rewinding Machine 2.)Vehicle Over Speed Control system 3.)Automatic Guided Vehicles 4.

)Electricity Generation from Speed Breaker 5.)Mechanical Braking System 6.)Hydraulic Escalator 7.)Magnetic Braking System 8.)Electro Magnetic clutch 9.)Robotic Manipulator Arm10.)Stair Climbing Robot

1.) 1.)FABRICATION OF TWIN SPINDLE DRILL HEAD 2.)FULLY AUTOMATED DRILLING MACHINE 3.)AUTOMATIC FOOT DUST CLEANER 4.)AUTOMATIC PNEUMATIC MULTI PURPOSE PRESS 5.)AUTOMATIC DRILLING AND TAPPING MACHINE 6.)ACCIDENT AVOIDING SYSTEM IN PUNCHING MACHINE 7.)AUTOMATIC GATE OPEN &CLOSE SYSTEM 8.)AIR LEAKAGE DETECTION 9.)AUTOMATIC LIQUID MIXING MACHINE 10.)REMOTE CONTROLLED MATERIAL HANDLING CRANE 2.) Mention two types of dislocations. Ans: Dislocation refers to a break in the continuity of the lattice. In edge dislocation, one plane of atoms gets squeezed out. In screw dislocation the lattice atoms move from their regular ideal positions. 2.)What is Curie point ? Ans: Curie point is the temperature at which ferromagnetic materials can no longer be magnetized by outside forces. 3.)What is the difference between proof resilience and modulus of resilience ? Ans: Proof resilience is the maximum strain energy that can be stored in a material without permanent deformation. Modulus of resilience is the maximum strain energy stored in a material per unit volume. 4.). What is the difference between column and strut ? Ans: Both column and strut carry compressive load. Column is always vertical but strut as member of structure could carry axial compressive load in any direction.

1.)What is Geyser Pressure Valve? Ans. To release the pressure created inside due to evaporation of water. 2.)What is the function of scoop in BFP (Boiler Feed water pump) in Thermal Power Station? Ans. The Function of Scoop tube is regulating the varying amount of oil level in the coupling during operation of infinite variable speed. 3.)Why is it that the maximum value which the residual stress can reach is the elastic limit of the material ? Ans: A stress in excess of elastic limit, with no external force to oppose it, will relieve itself by plastic deformation until it reaches the value of the yield stress. 4.)Why fatigue strength decreases as size of a part increases beyond around 10 mm? Ans: Perfection of material conditions is possible at lower sizes and as size increases, it is not possible to attain uniform structure of the material.

1.)How many governors are needed for safe turbine operation? Why? Ans.-Two independent governors are needed for safe turbine operation. One is an over speed or emergency trip that shuts off the steam at 10 percent above running speed (maximum speed). The second, or main governor, usually controls speed at a constant rate; however, many applications have variable speed control. 2.)How is a fly ball governor used with a hydraulic control? Ans.-As the turbine speeds up, the weights are moved outward by centrifugal force, causing linkage to open a pilot valve that admits and releases oil on either side of a piston or on one side of a spring-loaded piston. The movement of the piston controls the steam valves. 3.)What is meant by critical speed? Ans.-It is the speed at which the machine vibrates most violently. It is due to many causes, such as imbalance or harmonic vibrations set up by the entire machine. To minimize damage, the turbine should be hurried through the known critical speed as rapidly as possible. (Caution, be sure the vibration is caused by critical speed and not by some other trouble).

1.)Differentiate between elastic collision, inelastic collision, and completely inelastic collision. Ans: In elastic collision both total momentum and kinetic energy is conserved in collision but in inelastic collision the total momentum is conserved and K.E. is not. In completely inelastic collision the two colliding bodies stick together. 2.)What are seismic instruments ? Ans: Seismic instruments are absolute motion measurement devices to indicate or record absolute displacement, velocity and acceleration of a vibrating body. 3.)What for pycnometer is used ? Ans: Pycnometer is used to measure specific gravity of the liquid. 4.). On what factors depends the critical damping coefficient ? Ans: Critical damping coefficient depends on mass and natural frequency.

PURPOSE AND FUNCTION OF A DIFFERENTIAL ................................................................... The differential allows engine torque to be applied to both drive axles, which rotate at varying speeds during cornering and while traveling over bumps and dips in the road. The differential also changes the direction of engine torque 90 from the rotation of the driveshaft lengthwise with the vehicle. These two purposes of a differential can be summarized as follows: 1-To change the direction of engine torque. 2-To allow the drive wheels to rotate at different speeds. A differential is a mechanical addition and subtraction assembly. By splitting the engine torque to the drive wheels when the vehicle is turning a corner, the torque forces cause the side gear and pinion mate gears to subtract torque from one side and add torque to the opposite side. For more automobile updates join Automobiles and Engines

Like Share 1,49725683 22 hours ago

What is soldering and what is brazing?

Soldering is the process of joining two metals with an alloy whose melting point is less that of the materials to be soldered. Soldering at high temperature using brass as solder is called brazing or hard soldering. The composition of the fine solder (soft solder) is tin 60% and lead 40%. Its melting point is 190C and is widely used.

Armenian engineer Armen Jaghatspanyan invented a new type of internal combustion rotary piston engine which is very economic, consumes too much less fuel than existing engines and, accordingly, emissions of pollutants are less. This is a pateented invention. The principle of working of new engine is based on principle of working of Wankel engine. Unfortunately the Wankel rotary engine did not show clear advantages over piston internal combustion engine and also had notable shortcomings, which are holding back the massive use of these engines in the industry. But a potentially wide range of possible design solutions provide a wide field of engineering searches. So after a long theoretical research the inventor found that the new engine fixes disadvantages of Wankel engine, providing a very high efficiency.

Modern internal combustion engines have 22-28% efficiency, moreover, the high percentage concerns to diesel engines. The efficiency of new engine is more than 2 times high. The author of invention needs investments to make few prototypes and test them on vehicles. You can see video of this invention in first comment. (Kindly like that comment so that, comment can stay at top & it may be easy for other members to find that video. Thanks) This update is sent to us by Sveta Jaghatspanian. We are not responsible for its authenticity. Posted by: Er_Sanch.

1.)What happens if gasoline is used in a Diesel engine?Diesel engine will work ? Ans.:No, It will not work,as the Compression ratio of Petrol engine is 6 to 10 & that of Diesel engine is 15 to 22. Thus on such high compression, gasoline gets highly compressed & it may blast. 2.)Why different types of sound are produced in different bikes though they say run on SI engine? Ans:Engine specifications are different in different manufactures like as Bore Diameter(CC), Ignition timing.Also the exhaust passage take more responsible for sound. 3.)1 hp how much watt? Ans: 746.2Watt

4.)Explain Bicycle rear wheel Sprocket working? Ans:Rear wheel sprocket works under the principle of ratchet and pawl. 1.)On what factors the efficiency of pump depends ? Ans: Efficiency of a pump (centrifugal) depends on the size, speed, and proportions of the impeller and casing. 2.)What is the function of a transducer element ? Ans:The function of a transducer element is to sense and convert the desired input into a more convenient and practicable form to be handled by measurement system. 3.)What is Sentinel Relief Valve? Ans. Its a special type valve system. The valve will open when exhaust casing pressure is exc essive (high). The valve warns the operator only; it is not intended to relieve the casing pressure. 4.)What is the difference between shaper and planner ? Ans.->Shaper has one tool head wherear planner has more than one tool head. >In shaper, workpiece is stationary and tool reciprocates with ram. Whereas in planner ,workpiece rotate and tool stationary.

1.)What is the difference between higher pair and lower pair ? Ans: Higher pair has point or line contact between two links and lower pair has surface contact between two links while in motion. 2.). For what purpose the bifiler suspension system used ? Ans: It is used to determine moment of inertia. 3.)How helical gears are capable of transmitting heavy load at high speed compared to spur gears ? Ans: Helical gears have smooth engagement and two pairs of teeth are always in contact. 4.). What is the effect of inertia of reciprocating parts on the engine frame ? Ans: Inertia of reciprocating parts subjects engine frame to the force required to accelerate the reciprocating mass and thus subject them to primary disturbing force and secondary disturbing force. Secondary disturbing force comes into play due to obliquity of connecting rod and has twice the

frequency of the primary force.

1.)What is endurance limit and what is its value for steel ? Ans: Endurance limit is the maximum level of fluctuating stress which can be tolerated indefinitely. In most steels this stress is approximately 50% of the ultimate tensile strength and it is defined as the stress which can be endured for ten million reversals of stress. 2.)What do you understand by sulphur print ? Ans: Sulphides, when attached with dilute acid, evolve hydrogen sulphide gas which stains bromide paper and therefore can be readily detected in ordinary steels and cast irons . While sulphur is not always as harmful as is sometimes supposed, a sulphur print is a ready guide to the distribution of segregated impurities in general. 3.) What is the different between brass and bronze ? Ans: Brass is an alloy of copper with zinc; and bronze is alloy of copper with tin. 4.) What is the effect of addition of zinc in copper? What is the use of 70/30 brass ? Ans: By addition of zinc in copper, both tensile strength and elongation increases. The 70/30 brass has excellent deep drawing property and is used for making radiator fins.

1.)What for water/steam is injected in combustion zones of a gas turbine ? Ans: Water/steam is injected to limit the amount of NOx formed by lowering the flame and gas temperatures. 2.)What is the name given to combined process of cooling and humidifying ? Ans: Evaporative Cooling. 3.)When it can be said that a fluid is Newtonian ? Ans: When the shear stress is directly proportional to velocity gradient. 4.)Out of 2 stroke SI engine, 4 stroke SI engine, and 4 stroke CI engine, how the brake thermal efficiency behaves if these are to be used for road vehicles ? Ans: 4 stroke CI engine has highest brake thermal efficiency followed by 4 stroke SI engine and the 2

stroke SI has lowest brake thermal efficiency.

01) Detonation: Some sudden and violent knocks are experienced in internal combustion engine at sometimes. This knocks are known by "Detonation". This knock is set up by a high-pressure wave giving a loud pulsating noise as it strikes against the cylinder walls, cylinder head and piston. It should be noted that detonation is not pre-ignition but something, which occur after the spark, has started the ignition. 02) Diesel Knock: A high-pressure wave set up in compression ignition engine (Diesel Engine), which causes knocks. This knock is called as "Diesel knock". It badly affects the engine efficiency and power drop; also engine runs very rough due to diesel knock. 03) Dissociation: If a gas or mixture of gases is heated to very high temperature, the vibrating molecules of different gases make violent encounters resulting in splitting up of the compound molecules into smaller molecules which recombine to form their compound molecules as the temperature lowered. The phenomenon is called "Dissociation". The dissociation is mainly due to breaking up of carbon dioxide into carbon monoxide and oxygen. 04) Supercharging: The process of increasing the weight or density of air-fuel mixture or compressed air, induced into the cylinder during the induction stroke is known as "Supercharging". This is achieved by a separate compressor and known as supercharger or blower. 05) Turbulence: When the atomised fuel injected into the combustion chamber of compression ignition engine may be burnt efficiently there should be a high relative velocity between the air and fuel so that a thorough mixing takes place. This is achieved by "Turbulence". I would like to advice you all to note it down as these are the most important terms if you are going for an interview.Also share it with your friends so that this useful knowledge reaches to all Engineers out there. 1.) What are the principal constituents of brass? Ans: Principal constituents of brass are copper and zinc. 2.) What is Curie point ? Ans: Curie point is the temperature at which ferromagnetic materials can no longer be magnetised by outside forces.

3). Which element is added in steel to increase resistance to corrosion ? Ans: Chromium. 4.) Whether individual components in composite materials retain their characteristics or not? Ans: yes. 1. SMILE :This is the essential prerequisite to any communication in the professional world as in everyday life. 2. BE SHORT :All recruiters will ask you to summarize your profile and experiences. Present your point briefly and in relation to the proposed position. 3. START FROM THE BEGINNING :Speak about your initial education, it is a small but important point. Then talk about your experience from past to present. 4. EXPLAIN YOUR CHOICES :Why you chose your university education, your first job. For each change, explain "why you left" and "why you chose your new employer". 5. SPEAK OPENLY :About what you have gained from each experience, project, bo th personally and professionally. 6. BE SPECIFIC :About what motivates you. The situations, products, environments, personalities, etc. And explain why. 7. UNDERSTAND :About the position that is to be filled. Ask the key questions in the first interview. Ask the more detailed questions in the following interviews. 8. BE NATURAL AND SINCERE :And Smile again, this is the end of the interview. 1.)What is the difference between Technology and Engineering? Ans.Engineering is application of science. Technology shows various methods of Engineering. A bridge can be made by using beams to bear the load,by an arc or by hanging in a cable; all shows different technology but comes under civil engineering and

science applied is laws of force/load distribution. 2.) What is Powder Technology? Ans. Powder technology is one of the ways of making bearing material. In this method metals like bronze, Al, Fe are mixed and compressed to make an alloy. 3.)What are the principal constituents of brass? Ans: Principal constituents of brass are copper and zinc. 8. What is Curie point ? Ans: Curie point is the temperature at which ferromagnetic materials can no longer be magnetised by outside forces.

1.)Definition of Octane Number and Cetane Number? Ans.Octane No.- Octane number is defined as the percentage, by volume, of iso octane in the mixture of iso octane and hheptane. It is the measure of rating of SI engine. Cetane No.- Cetane number is defined as the percentage, by volume, of n-cetane in the mixture of ncetane and alpha methyl naphthalene. It is the measure of rating of CI engine. 2.)Which Pump is more Efficient Centrifugal Pump or Reciprocating Pump? Ans. Centrifugal pump. Because flow rate is higher compared to reciprocating pump. Flow is smooth and it requires less space to install. Lower initial cost and lower maintenance cost. 3.)How a Diesel Engine Works as Generator? Ans.Diesel engine is a prime mover, for a generator, pump,and for vehicles etc. generator is connected to engine by shaft. mostly in thermal power plat ,there is an engine is used to drive generator to generate power. 4.)Compare Brayton Cycle and Otto Cycle? Ans. The heat addition and rejection processes in Otto cycle are of constant volume, whereas in Brayton cycle, they are of constant pressure. -Otto cycle is the ideal cycle for spark ignition engines.

-Brayton cycle is the ideal cycle for gas power turbines.

1.) On what account the friction drag is experienced ? Ans: Friction drag is experienced on separation of boundary layer. 2.) What do you understand by choking in pipe line ? Ans: When specified mass flow is not able to take place in a pipe line. 3.) What is the difference between streamline body and bluff body? Ans: In streamline body the shape is such that separation in flow occurs past the near most part of the body so that wake formed is small and thus friction drag is much greater than pressure drag. In bluff body the flow gets separated much ahead of its rear resulting in large wake and thus pressure drag is much greater than the friction drag. 4.)Define hydraulically efficient channel cross section. Ans: The shape of such section is that which produces minimum wetted perimeter for a given area of flow and carries maximum flow.

1.)What is radiosity ? Ans: It is the rate at which radiation leaves a surface. 2.)What is the name given to process of removing non condensables in steam and other vapour cycles ? Ans: Deaeration process. 3.)Why alcohol can't be used in diesel engine ? Ans: Alcohol has low cetane number and thus its ignition is prevented by compression. 4.) The knocking tendency in a S.I. engine can be reduced by increasing ? Ans: Speed

A supercharger is an engine-driven air pump that supplies more than the normal amount of air into the intake manifold and boosts engine torque and power. It provides an instantaneous increase in power without delay or lag associated with turbochargers. Because it is driven by the engine, it requires horsepower to operate and is not as efficient as a turbocharger. In basic concept, a supercharger is an air pump mechanically driven by the engine itself. Gears, shafts, chains, or belts from the crankshaft can be used to turn the pump. This means that the air pump or supercharger pumps air in direct relation to engine speed.

1.)Which parameters influence the performance of gas turbines ? Ans: Ambient conditions, inlet/exhaust pressure losses, fuels, and water/steam injection flow rates'influence the performance of gas turbines. 2.)What is the frequency of secondary imbalance in four-stroke engine ? Ans: Two times the engine speed. 3.) In general how the boundary layer and local film coefficient of heat transfer are related ? Ans: In general, the thinner the boundary layer, higher the value of local heat transfer film coefficient. 4.). When it can be said that a fluid is Newtonian ? Ans: When the shear stress is directly proportional to velocity gradient.

1.) What is the direction of tangential acceleration ? Ans:The direction of tangential acceleration may be same or opposite to that of angular velocity. 2.)Why excess air is required to burn a fuel completely ? Ans: Excess air is required to ensure adequate mixing of fuel and air, avoid smoke, minimize slagging in coal burning, and to ensure maximum steam output. 3.)Which type of plant will you recommend for remote location if power is required in six to twelve months time ? Ans: Diesel engine power plant.

4.)What do you understand by forced convection ? Ans: When convection heat transfer occurs between a solid body and a fluid and where circulation of fluid is caused and controlled by some mechanical.

1.)Which Pump is more Efficient Centrifugal Pump or Reciprocating Pump? Ans.Centrifugal pump. Because flow rate is higher compared to reciprocating pump. Flow is smooth and it requires less space to install. Lower initial cost and lower maintenance cost. 2.)Compare Brayton Cycle and Otto Cycle? Ans.The heat addition and rejection processes in Otto cycle are of constant volume, whereas in Brayton cycle, they are of constant pressure. -Otto cycle is the ideal cycle for spark ignition engines. -Brayton cycle is the ideal cycle for gas power turbines. 3.)What is the difference between P11 and P12 Pipes? Ans.P11 the chromium molybdenum composition that is 1% ofchromium and 1/4% of molybdenum P12 the chromium molybdenum composition that is 1% ofchromium and 2% of molybdenum. 4.) What is the difference between Fan and Blower? Ans. Fan is an air pushing device. Either Axial or Centrifugal type systems are used to move the air in low pressure. It is rotated by a motor separately. When the fan is a housing of blades and motor, then it called as Blower. It directs the air in a single path with high pressure.

1.). Under what condition a number of forces acting at a point are in equilibrium ? Ans: When sum of the resolved parts in any two perpendicular directions is zero. 2.). What happens to two equal and opposite coplanar couples ? Ans: They balance each other. 3.)What does the area under the stress-strain curve represent ? Ans: Energy required to cause failure.

4.)Out of circular, square, channel, I sections, which is most economical for a component subjected to bending ? Ans: I section.

1.What is critical temperature in metals ? Ans: It is the temperature at which the phase change occurs in metals. 2.What is coaxing ? Ans: It is the process of improving fatigue properties by first under-stressing and then increasing the stress in small increments. 3.What is the difference between basic hole and basic shaft ? Ans: A basic hole is one whose lower deviation is zero and in case of basic shaft the upper deviation is zero.

1.)What is an arbor ? Ans: An arbor is an accurately machined shaft for holding and driving the arbor type cutter. It is tapered at one end to fit the spindle nose and has two slots to fit the nose keys for locating and driving it. 2.)What is the difference between potential flow and creep flow ? Ans: Potential flow assumes viscous forces to be zero but same is considered larger than inertia forces in creep flow. 3.)Define hydraulically efficient channel cross section. Ans: The shape of such section is that which produces minimum wetted perimeter for a given area of flow and carries maximum flow. 4.) Why carburised machine components have high endurance limit? Ans: In carburised machine components, the process of carburisation introduces a compressive layer on the surface and thus endurance limit is increased.

1.)Explain the difference between energy line and hydraulic grade line ? Ans: The energy line is a graphical representation of the energy at each section.Hydraulic grade line lies below the energy line by an amount equal to the velocity head at the section. 2.)What is meant by precision ? Ana:Precision is defined as the ability of instrument to reproduce a certain set of readings within a given accuracy. 3.)On what factors the efficiency of a centrifugal pump depends ? Ans:The efficiency of a centrifugal pump depends on size, speed and type number. 4.)State law of conservation of momentum ? Ans:The ratio of change of momentum of a mass of fluid is equal to the vector sum of all external forces acting on it.

1.)Explain what you understand by the term hydrostatic paradox ? Ans: Hydrostatic paradox is the phenomenon that the floor load of water in vessels of different shapes carrying water at same level depends only on the area of the bottom surface and not on the shape of the vessel. 2.)What are the conditions for stability of buoyant bodies ? Ans: A floating body is stable if the center of gravity is below the metacentre. A submerged body is stable if the center of gravity is below the center of buoyancy. 3.)What do you understand by center of buoyancy ? Ans: Center of buoyancy is the center of gravity of the displaced liquid and buoyant force acts through it. 4.)What is nonbarotropic fluid ? Ans: Fluid such as air for which the density is not a single-valued function of the pressure (aerostatics).

1.)What are two essential conditions of perfect gas ? Ans: It satisfies equation of state and its specific heats are constant. 2.)Under what condition the work done in reciprocating compressor will be least ?

Ans: It is least when compression process approaches isothermal. For this purpose, attempts are made to cool the air during compression. 3.). What is pitting ? How it is caused ? Ans: Non uniform corrosion over the entire metal surface, but occuring only in small pits is called pitting. It is caused by lack of uniformity in metal. 4.)What is caustic embrittlement ? Ans: It is the actual physical change in metal that makes it extremely brittle and filled with minute cracks. It occurs particularly in the seams of rivetted joints and around the rivet holes.

1. What is Difference between Hardness and Toughness? Ans. Toughness is the ability of a material to absorb energy. Hardness is the ability of a material to withstand wear. 2.What does F.O.F Stand for Piping Design? Ans.Face of Flange, The F.O.F (Raised face and Flat face) is used to know the accurate dimension of the flange in order to avoid the minute errors in measurement in case of vertical or horizontal pipe lines. 3.Difference between Performance and Efficiency? Ans.The accomplishment of a given task measured against preset known standards of accuracy, completeness, cost, and speed is called as Performance. Efficiency is defined as the input given and the work obtained from that input like money, time, labour etc. Its the main factor of productivity.

1.)Why Entropy decreases with increase in temperature? Ans. ds=dQ/T Entropy is inversely proportional to the temperature so, as temp. Increases, entropy decreases. 2.)Definition of Octane Number and Cetane Number? Ans. Octane No.- Octane number is defined as the percentage, by volume, of iso octane in the mixture of iso octane and h-heptane. It is the measure of rating of SI engine. Cetane No.- Cetane number is defined as the percentage, by volume, of n-cetane in the mixture of ncetane and alpha methyl naphthalene. It is the measure of rating of CI engine.

3.)Which Mechanism is used in Automobile gearing System? Ans. Differential mechanism. 4.)How Cavitation can be eliminated by Pump? Ans. Cavitation means bubbles are forming in the liquid. To avoid Cavitation, we have to increase the Pump size to One or Two Inch; To increase the pressure of the Suction Head, or Decrease the Pump Speed.

1.)What is operating pressure? Ans.-Operating pressure is the standard level of pressure a system operates under, usually within a fairly narrow range of tolerances. 2.)Explain Otto cycle. Ans.-An Otto cycle is an idealized thermodynamic cycle which describes the functioning of a typical spark ignition reciprocating piston engine,the thermodynamic cycle most commonly found in automobile engines.he Otto cycle consists of adiabatic compression, heat addition at constant volume, adiabatic expansion, and rejection of heat at constant volume. 3.)What is annealing? Ans.-The steady heating of a metal at a certain temperature above the recrystallization phase followed by a gradual cooling process is called annealing. 4.)What is Carburizing? Ans.-A surface hardening method that heats metal within a carbon-rich environment to increase carbon levels on the metal surface for added hardness is called Carburizing.

1.)Why condenser is needed in steam power plant? Ans.-The function of the condenser is to condense exhaust steam from the steam turbine by rejecting the heat of vaporization to the cooling water passing through the condenser. 2.)What is absolute humidity and relative humidity? Ans.-Absolute humidity is the mass of water vapor divided by the mass of dry air in a volume of air at a

given temperature. The hotter the air is, the more water it can contain.Relative humidity is the ratio of the current absolute humidity to the highest possible absolute humidity. 3.)What is viscosity? Ans.-The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformation by shear stress or tensile stress. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal notion of "thickness". For example, honey has a higher viscosity than water. 4.)What is difference between power cycles and heat pump cycles? Ans.-Any thermodynamic cycle functions in a similar way. There are basically 3 interlinked energy sources at play: 1. A reservoir of heat energy at high temperature Eh 2. A reservoir of heat energy at low temperature Ec 3. Mechanical (driving) energy P. The power cycle provides high temperature heat energy Eh, harvests mechanical P and throws away low temperature energy into Ec. Whereas, The heat pump provides P, harvests Eh and throws away into Ec.

1.) Mention two types of dislocations. Ans: Dislocation refers to a break in the continuity of the lattice. In edge dislocation, one plane of atoms gets squeezed out. In screw dislocation the lattice atoms move from their regular ideal positions. 2.)What is Curie point ? Ans: Curie point is the temperature at which ferromagnetic materials can no longer be magnetized by outside forces. 3.)If percentage elongation of a material is more than 200%, it is classed as? Ans: Rubber. 4.)Distinguish between creep and fatigue. Ans: Creep is low and progressive deformation of a material with time under a constant stress at high temperature applications. Fatigue is the reduced tendency of material to offer resistance to applied stress under repeated or fluctuating loading condition.

1.). What do you understand by forced convection ? Ans: When convection heat transfer occurs between a solid body and a fluid and where circulation of fluid is caused and controlled by some mechanical. 2.)What is boundary layer thickness in turbulent boundary layer ? Ans: In ease of turbulent boundary layer, boundary layer thickness is defined as the distance from solid surface at which the fluid velocity is 99% of the undisturbed free stream velocity. Near the surface of solid, there is laminar flow which changes to buffer zone and finally turbulent region. 3.). Stirling cycle with regenerative arrangement and Carnot cycle operate within same temperature limits. What can be said about thermal efficiencies of these two ? Ans: Thermal n of both will be same. 4.). What is the frequency of secondary imbalance in four-stroke engine ? Ans: Two times the engine speed.

1.)What are two essential conditions of perfect gas ? Ans: It satisfies equation of state and its specific heats are constant. 2.). Enthalpy and entropy are functions of one single parameter. Which is that ? Ans: Temperature. 3.)What is caustic embrittlement ? Ans: It is the actual physical change in metal that makes it extremely brittle and filled with minute cracks. It occurs particularly in the seams of rivetted joints and around the rivet holes. 4.)Why large boilers are water tube type ? Ans: Water tube boilers raise steam fast because of large heat transfer area and positive water circulation. Thus they respond faster to fluctuations in demand. Further single tube failure does not lead to catastrophy.