NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames

NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames SN032a-EN-EU

NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames

This NCCI clarifies the general method presented in 6.3.4 of EN1993-1-1 for verifying out-of-plane buckling of members in portal frames for which the methods given in 6.3.1 to 6.3.3 do not apply. The guidance is of particular relevance to non-uniform members or members with particular lateral restraint conditions.

Contents
1. 2. Scope Steps of the method 2 3

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NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames

NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames SN032a-EN-EU

1.

Scope

Even in the case of simple portal frames, the designer is often confronted to the verification of the out-of-plane stability of members for which methods given in EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1, 6.3.2 and 6.3.3 do not apply directly because they are out of their scope. For example: members with non uniform cross-sections, members with odd lateral restraints (e.g. lateral intermediate restraint to one flange) that do not provide the simple fork support conditions generally assumed in the EN1993-1-1 rules, members with complex loading distribution. These configurations are often met for columns or rafters in portal frames. To enable the verification, EN1993-1-1 provides in its clause 6.3.4 a general method which may be used to assess the resistance of such members where they are sensitive to out-of-plane buckling (lateral and/or lateral torsional buckling). Clause 6.3.4 states that this general method applies to structural components which are subject to compression and/or mono-axial bending in the plane (in-plane loading), and do not contain rotated plastic hinges under the design loads. It covers, for example:
Created on Wednesday, March 27, 2013 This material is copyright - all rights reserved. Use of this document is subject to the terms and conditions of the Access Steel Licence Agreement

Single members, built-up or not, uniform or not, with complex support/restraint conditions or not Plane frames or sub-frames composed of such members. Because this general method may apply to complex structural components, or structural components with complex restraint conditions and/or loading, it may require the use of specific software (using Finite Element Method, for example) for assessing certain of the necessary parameters. NOTE : The field and limits of application of this general method may have been specified by National Annexes. In this NCCI, for more precision in the indexes, the scope is limited to portal frames loaded in their plane and with members in bending about their strong axis yy. Hereafter, structural component refers, in the portal frame, to any member or segment of member to be individually checked for out-of-plane stability. Normally, in order to allow such an individual check, the structural component should be fully restrained against torsion and out-of-plane displacement (i.e. fork support conditions) at its both ends. Some examples of structural components in portal frames that can be treated by the general method of 6.3.4 are shown in Figure 1.1.

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NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames

NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames SN032a-EN-EU

M M N N -1 1
01 N N M 01 N N M M
N M N
N M

M N -1 1

01 M N -1 1

Figure 1.1

Examples of structural components in portal frames that can be treated using EN1993-1-1 6.3.4

2.
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Steps of the method

The method requires the main following steps: In-plane analysis of the structural component. The objective is to determine the design effects in the structural component under the design loading and then to assess the magnitude of the effects in relation to the characteristic resistance at the most critical cross section, considering only the in-plane behaviour. The ratio between characteristic resistance and design effects is expressed as the load amplifier, ult,k. Out-of-plane buckling analysis of the structural component. The objective is to determine the magnitude of the loading, as a multiple of the design loading, at which the structural component fails by out-of-plane elastic buckling. The magnitude is expressed as the amplifier cr,op. Check of the overall resistance of the structural component. The objective is to verify the adequacy of the structural component, considering the interaction between the inplane behaviour of the structural component and the out-of-plane behaviour.

2.1
1.

In-plane analysis of the structural component

Perform the in-plane analysis of the structural component if it is isolated or can be isolated from the frame, or perform a global in-plane analysis of the whole portal frame. Only the in-plane design loading is to be considered for this analysis, which aims to assess internal forces and moments or stresses in the structural component. This in-plane analysis should account for: o o Global second order effects due to in-plane geometrical deformation of the frame, if relevant (e.g. for sway frames) see EN 1993-1-1 5.2, In-plane imperfections (global and/or local), where relevant see EN 1993-1-1 5.3,

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NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames

NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames SN032a-EN-EU

Note : The global in-plane analysis of the portal frame should be an elastic analysis , or may be an elasto-plastic analysis, provided that no plastic hinge rotates in the structural component under consideration. 2. Check the in-plane resistance of the structural component, considering its characteristic resistance. The characteristic resistance may be either elastic or plastic depending on the crosssection class of the structural component. The verification of this in-plane resistance generally involves : o o cross-section resistance checks (EN 1993-1-1 6.2), and if compression exists, member resistance checks using EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1 or 6.3.3, but considering only in-plane flexural buckling, on the condition that these clauses apply to the structural component

In all cases the characteristic resistances are used in formulae instead of design resistances. NOTE : The check of the in-plane resistance of the structural component may also be done by performing a more sophisticated in-plane analysis with consideration of local second order effects and bow imperfection for the structural component itself, These effects would be additional to global second order effects and/or sway imperfection included in the whole frame in-plane analysis. In that case, only cross-section resistances are to be checked in the structural component. These checks can generally be written in the form:

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Rk ( N Ed , M y,Ed , N Rk , M y,Rk ) 1
where

Rk

is here a function giving a factor between design effects and characteristic resistances for the structural member. (The characteristic resistances may be obtained using the familiar expressions for design resistances, but omitting the M1 and M0 factors.)
N Ed M y,Ed + N Rk M y,Rk

Examples:

Rk =

for cross-section resistance (Class 3)

Rk =
3.

M y,Ed N Ed + k yy y N Rk M y,Rk

for member resistance to in-plane flexural buckling

Determine the minimum load amplifier ult,k of the in-plane design loading to reach the characteristic resistance in the structural component.

Where the relationship between loading and design effects is linear, ult,k is given by:

ult,k =

Rk ( N Ed , M y,Ed , N Rk , M y,Rk )
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NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames

NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames SN032a-EN-EU

If the relationship is not linear, an iterative procedure is needed, increasing the loading by a trial value of ult,k , evaluating the effects and then determining a new trial value, until convergence is achieved.

2.2

Out-of-plane buckling analysis of the structural component

Determine the minimum amplifier cr,op to be applied to the in-plane design loading to reach the elastic critical resistance (Euler buckling) of the structural component with regards to lateral and/or lateral torsional buckling, without accounting for any in-plane flexural buckling. The difficulty for this calculation depends on the complexity of the case treated and a Finite Element buckling analysis or a specific software may be necessary for solving such eigenvalue problems. In very simple cases, this may lead to the sole calculation of a critical bending moment or an out-of-plane flexural buckling normal force. Formulas can also be found in the literature for critical bending moment or critical normal forces of members with restrained tension flange see for example SN011.

2.3
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Check of the overall resistance

Verification of the overall resistance is verified according to EN1993-1-1 6.3.4(2) by ensuring that:

op ult,k 1,0 M1
To determine op , the parameter op is needed.
1. Global non dimensional slenderness of the structural component

The global non dimensional slenderness op of the structural component for the out-of-plane buckling is given by:

op =
2.

ult,k cr,op

Reduction factor for out-of-plane buckling

The reduction factor op for out-of-plane buckling may be determined, depending on the type of out-of-plane buckling mode, as follows:
a) Pure lateral buckling mode, or mode strongly related to such a buckling mode

op = z
Where z is obtained for lateral buckling according to EN 1993-1-1 6.3.1, using = op and the relevant buckling curve (given for the most critical cross-section governing ult,k in the structural component). This is for example the case for structural component in pure compression or in compression with negligible bending. Page 5

NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames

NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames SN032a-EN-EU

b) Pure lateral torsional buckling mode, or mode strongly related to such a buckling mode

op = LT
Where LT is obtained for lateral torsional buckling according to EN 1993-1-1 6.3.2, using LT = op and the relevant buckling curve (given for the most critical cross-section governing ult,k in the structural component) This is for example the case for structural component in pure bending or in bending with negligible compression.
c) Combined mode, mixing lateral and lateral torsional buckling

from either of the following methods:

minimum value method

op = min( z , LT ) where z and LT are as defined above in a) and b).

interpolated value method
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This method effectively applies each of the factors z and LT to the respective characteristic resistances to obtain an overall factor. It may thus be expressed as:

op =

Rk ( N Ed , M y,Ed , N Rk , M y,Rk ) Rk ( N Ed , M y,Ed , z N Rk , LT M y,Rk )

2.4 Cases where a linear cross-section resistance criterion governs ult,k

NEd and My,Ed are the maximum compression force and bending moment determined from the in-plane analysis with accounting for all relevant in-plane second order effects (global for the frame and local for the structural component) and all relevant in-plane imperfections (sway imperfection for the frame and bow imperfection for the structural component). So, considering for example Class 3 cross-sections for the structural component, ult,k may be determined using the following cross-section check :

Rk ( N Ed , M y,Ed , N Rk , M y,Rk ) =
It follows that :

N Ed M y,Ed + 1 N Rk M y,Rk

ult,k =

Rk ( N Ed , M y,Ed , N Rk , M y,Rk )

1 N Ed M y,Ed + N Rk M y,Rk

And this general method leads to check:

op ult,k = M1

op
N M y,Ed M1 Ed + N Rk M y,Rk

1,0

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NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames

NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames SN032a-EN-EU

that is:

N Ed N Rk M1

M y,Ed M y,Rk M1

op

(This is the expression given in the Note to EN1993-1-1 6.3.4(4)a.)

Moreover, for this case, if op is to be determined using the interpolated value method (see 2.3 Step 2 c), it follows:
N Ed M y,Ed + N M Rk ( N Ed , M y,Ed , N Rk , M y,Rk ) y,Rk Rk = = Rk ( N Ed , M y,Ed , z N Rk , LT M y,Rk ) N Ed M y,Ed + N z Rk LT M y,Rk

op

and one is led to check:

N Ed M y,Ed + N Rk M y,Rk = N Ed M y,Ed + z N Rk LT M y,Rk

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op ult,k M1

M M1 N Ed + y,Ed N Rk M y,Rk

1,0

that is :

M y,Ed N Ed + 1 z N Rk M1 LT M y,Rk M1

(This is the expression given in the Note to EN1993-1-1 6.3.4(4)b.) One can see that it is not necessary to calculate op explicitly.

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NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames

NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames SN032a-EN-EU

Quality Record
RESOURCE TITLE Reference(s) ORIGINAL DOCUMENT Name Created by Technical content checked by Editorial content checked by Technical content endorsed by the following STEEL Partners: 1. UK 2. France 3. Sweden 4. Germany
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NCCI: General method for out-of-plane buckling in portal frames

Company CTICM CTICM

Date 16/12/2005 16/12/2005

Yvan Gala Alain Bureau

G W Owens A Bureau B Uppfeldt C Mller J Chica G W Owens

SCI CTICM SBI RWTH Labein SCI

10/4/06 10/4/06 7/4/06 7/4/06 7/4/06 11/7/06

5. Spain Resource approved by Technical Coordinator TRANSLATED DOCUMENT This Translation made and checked by: Translated resource approved by:

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