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Virtual Water Testing and Treatment http://www.glencoe.com/sites/common_assets/science/virtual_labs/CT04/CT04.

html Name: _____________Chau Vu___________________________ Data Table: Water Sample Acidity pH Metals (mg/L) Coliform Bacteria (ml) 13/100 mL 33/100 mL 0/100 mL 0/100 mL 0/100 mL Pesticides Herbicides (mg/L) 0.00001 mL carbofuran 0.0008 mg/L carbofuran 0.0001 mg/L carbofuran 0.08 mg/L carbofuran 0.0004 mg/L carbofuran

City Lake Mountain Rural Well

4 7 6.8 7 8.2

0.0006 mg/L (copper) 0.6 mg/L (iron) 0.006 mg/L (iron) 0.0027 mg/L (copper) 1.44 mg/L (iron)

Nitrates (mg/L) 0.8 mg/L 0.6 mg/L 12.4 mg/L 6.7 mg/L 0.6 mg/L

Type of Contamination Acidity and Coliform Bacteria Coliform Bacteria Nitrate Level Pesticides Metals

Treatment Chlorine -> Sodium hydroxide -> Chlorine Chlorine -> Chlorine Activated carbon -> Chlorine Activated carbon -> Chlorine Chlorine -> Zinc orthophosphate

Data Analysis/Questions: 1: What contaminants were found in the surface water samples? What contaminants were found in the groundwater samples? -> The contaminants were found in the surface water samples are Metals, Coliform Bacteria, Pesticides/ Herbicides, and Nitrate. The contaminants found in ground water are Coliform and Acid. 2: Why might groundwater and surface water have different contaminants? -> Ground water and surface water have different contaminants because certain areas have radioactivity, which can contaminate ground water, even long after surface water has regenerated

itself. Even floods, sink holes-all kinds of things, can cause water to become contaminated. Surface water can be contaminated easily, by farmers' chemicals, oil from vehicles, including watercraft. Anything that contaminates can get to surface water. 3: Generally, farmers do not farm and industries do not build factories on the sides of mountains in remote wilderness areas. These areas are usually not highly populated by people. What might explain the high nitrate level in the mountain water in this activity? -> Bacteria building up, and then cause the nitrogen cycle. The nitrites created by nitrogen cycle. 4: What is pH level, what are its characteristics and how does it contribute to pollution? What chemicals are used in treating low pH levels? -> The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH value corresponding to an acid is anything less than 7. These substances can be expected to have a bitter sour taste and to burn the skin, if particularly concentrated. Bases are defined as having a pH greater than 7. Basic solutions are commonly known as alkaline solutions. Bases are also damaging to skin and can make it slough off. They are thought of as having a "soapy" feel. Chlorine is used to treat the low pH levels. 5: Water in an old building, tested recently, showed high copper and iron content and low pH levels. A water reading taken 20 years before showed low pH levels, but only minimal traces of copper and iron. If none of the new buildings on the same street showed signs of metallic contaminants, but all reported lower than normal pH readings, how might these readings be explained? -> When the pipes get older, they get rusty and corroded. The rusty and corroded pipes release the cooper and iron contaminants into the water supply of the old building. In the new bulding, there is no copper or iron in trace because the pipes have not rusted or corroded due to age.

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