Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6

th
Edition
Chapter 6. Uniform Acceleration
Problems:
Speed and Velocity
6-1. A car travels a distance of 86 km at an average speed of 8 ms. !o" many ho#rs "ere
re$#ired for the trip%
s vt
86, &&& m 1 h
1&, '(& s
8 ms )6&& s
t
_


,
t = *.++ h
6-*. ,o#nd travels at an average speed of )-& ms. .ightning from a distant th#nderclo#d is seen
almost immediately. /f the so#nd of th#nder reaches the ear ) s later, ho" far a"ay is the
storm%
t
s
t

*& m
)-& m s
&.&(88 s t = (8.8 ms
6-). A small rocket leaves its pad and travels a distance of -& m vertically #p"ard 0efore ret#rning
to the earth five seconds after it "as la#nched. 1hat "as the average velocity for the trip%
v
s
t

-& 8& m 2 -& m
( s
m
( s
v = 16.& ms
6--. A car travels along a U-shaped c#rve for a distance of -&& m in )& s. /t3s final location,
ho"ever is only -& m from the starting position. 1hat is the average speed and "hat is the
magnit#de of the average velocity%
Average speed: v
s
t

-&& m
)& s
v 4 1).) ms
Average velocity: v
5
t
m
)& s
-&
v 4 1.)) ms, E
-'
s = -&& m
D 4 -& m
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
6-(. A "oman "alks for - min directly north "ith a average velocity of 6 kmh6 then she "alks
east"ard at - kmh for 1& min. 1hat is her average speed for the trip%
t
1
= - min 4 &.&66' h6 t
2
4 1& min 4 &.16' h
s
1
4 v
1
t
1
= 76 kmh87&.&66' h8 4 &.-&& km
s
1
4 v
2
t
2
= 7- kmh87&.16' h8 4 &.66' km

v
s s
t t

+
+

1 *
1 *
&.- km 2 &.66' km
&.&66' h 2 &.16' h
v = -.(' kmh
6-6. 1hat is the average velocity for the entire trip descri0ed in Pro0lem 6-(%
D 7 . 6 tan
.
.
& 66'
& -
& 66'
km8 27&.-&& km8
km
km
* *
D 4 &.''8 km, )1.&
&
v
& ''8
)))
.
.
km
&.&66' h 2 &.16' h
km h v 4 ).)) kmh, )1.&
&
6-'. A car travels at an average speed of 6& mih for ) h and *& min. 1hat "as the distance%

t = ) h 2 &.))) h 4 ).)) h6 s = vt = 76& mih87).)) h86 s 4 *&& mi
6.8 !o" long "ill it take to travel -&& km if the average speed is +& kmh%
t
s
t

-&& km
+& km h
t 4 -.-- h
96-+. A mar0le rolls #p an inclined ramp a distance of ( m, then stops and ret#rns to a point ( m
0elo" its starting point. :he entire trip took only * s. 1hat "as the average speed and
"hat "as the average velocity% 7s
1
= ( m, s
2
= -1& m8
speed 4
( m 2 1& m
* s
v 4 '.(& ms
velocity =
D
t

( m - 1& m
* s
v 4 ; *.( ms, do"n plane.
-8
D
s
2
s
1

6 kmh,
- min
- kmh, 1& min
D

s
1
s
2
C <
A
E
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
Uniform Acceleration
6-1&. :he tip of a ro0ot arm is moving to the right at 8 ms. =o#r seconds later, it is moving to
the left at * ms. 1hat is the change in velocity and "hat is the acceleration.
v = v
f
- v
o
= (;* ms8 ; 78 ms8 v = ;1& ms
a
v
t

1& m s
- s
a = ;*.(& ms
*
6-11. An arro" accelerates from >ero to -& ms in the &.( s it is in contact "ith the 0o" string.
1hat is the average acceleration%
a
v v
t
f o

-& m s - &
&.( s
a = 8&.& ms
*
6-1*. A car traveling initially at (& kmh accelerates at a rate of - ms
*
for ) s. 1hat is the final
speed%
v
o
4 (& kmh 4 1).+ ms6 v
f
= v
o
+ at
v
f
= 71).+ ms8 2 7- ms
*
87) s8 4 *(.+ ms6 v
f
= *(.+ ms
6-1). A tr#ck traveling at 6& mih 0rakes to a stop in 18& ft. 1hat "as the average acceleration
and stopping time%
v
o
= 6& mih 4 88.& fts 2as = v
f
2
v
o
2
* *
*
& 788.& fts8
* *718& ft8
f o
v v
a
s

a = ; *1.( fts
*
&
&
* *718& ft8
6
* 88.& fts 2 &
f
f
v v
x
x t t
v v
+ _
_


+
,
,
t = -.&+ s
-+
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
6-1-. An arresting device on a carrier deck stops an airplane in 1.( s. :he average acceleration
"as -+ ms
*
. 1hat "as the stopping distance% 1hat "as the initial speed%
v
f
= v
o
+ at; 0 = v
o
2 7 -+ ms
*
871.( s86 v
o
= ').( ms
s = v
f
t - at
2
; s = 7&871.( s8 ; ?7--+ ms
*
871.( s8
*
6 s 4 ((.1 m
6-1(. /n a 0raking test, a car traveling at 6& kmh is stopped in a time of ) s. 1hat "as the
acceleration and stopping distance% 7 v
o
= 6& kmh 4 16.' ms8
v
f
= v
o
+ at; 7&8 = 716.' ms8 2 a 7) s86 a = ; (.(6 ms
*
( )
&
16.6 ms 2 &
) s
* *
f
v v
s t
+
_


,
6 s 4 *(.& m
6-16. A 0#llet leaves a *8-in. rifle 0arrel at *'&& fts. 1hat "as its acceleration and time in the
0arrel% 7s 4 *8 in. 4 *.)) ft8
2as = v
o
2
- v
f
2
; a
v v
s
f

*
&
*
*
7*'&& ft s8 &
*7*.)) ft8
*
; a 4 1.(6 @ 1&
6
ms
*
s
v v
t
s
v v
f
f

+
+

&
&
*
* * * ))
6 t 4
ft8
& 2*'&& ft s
7 .
6 t 4 1.') ms
6-1'. :he 0all in =ig. 6-1) is given an initial velocity of 16 ms at the 0ottom of an inclined
plane. :"o seconds later it is still moving #p the plane, 0#t "ith a velocity of only - ms.
1hat is the acceleration%
v
f
= v
o
+ at6 a
v v
t
f

&
- m s - 716 m s8
* s
6 a = -6.&& ms
*
6-18. =or Pro0lem 6-1', "hat is the ma@im#m displacement from the 0ottom and "hat is the
velocity - s after leaving the 0ottom% (Maxi! displacee"t occ!rs #$e" v
f
= 0%
2as = v
o
2
- v
f
2
; s
v v
a
f

*
&
*
*
& 716 m s8
*7-6 m s 8
*
*
; s = 2*1.) m
v
f
= v
o
+ at 4 16 ms 4 7-6 ms
*
87- s86 v
f
= - 8.&& ms, do"n plane
(&
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
6-1+. A monorail train traveling at 8& kmh m#st 0e stopped in a distance of -& m. 1hat average
acceleration is re$#ired and "hat is the stopping time% ( v
o
4 8& kmh 4 **.* ms8
2as = v
o
2
- v
f
2
; a
v v
s
f

*
&
*
*
& 7**.* m s8
*7-& m8
*
; a = -6.1' ms
*
s
v v
t
s
v v
f
f

+
+

&
&
*
* * -&
6 t 4
m8
**.* m s 2 &
7
; t = ).6& ms
Gravity and FreeFallin! "odies
6-*&. A 0all is dropped from rest and falls for ( s. 1hat are its position and velocity%
s = v
o
t + at
2
6 s 4 7&87( s8 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
87( s8
*
6 s 4 -1**.( m
v
f
= v
o
+ at = 0 + 7-+.8 ms
*
87( s86 v 4 --+.& m&s
6-*1. A rock is dropped from rest. 1hen "ill its displacement 0e 18 m 0elo" the point of
release% 1hat is its velocity at that time%
s = v
o
t + at
2
6 7-18 m8 4 7&87t8 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
8t
*
6 t = 1.+* s
v
f
= v
o
+ at 4 & 2 7-+.8 ms
*
871.+* s86 v
f
4 -18.8 ms
6-**. A "oman drops a "eight from the top of a 0ridge "hile a friend 0elo" meas#res the time
to strike the "ater 0elo". 1hat is the height of the 0ridge if the time is ) s%
s = v
o
t + at
2
= 7&8 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
87) s8
*
6 s 4 ---.1 m
6-*). A 0rick is given an initial do"n"ard velocity of 6 ms. 1hat is its final velocity after
falling a distance of -& m%
2as = v
o
2
- v
f
2
6 v v as
f
+ +
&
*
* -& 7-6 m s8 *7-+.8 m s m8
* *
87 6
v = t *8.6 ms6 'i"ce velocity is do#"#ard, v = - *8.6 ms
(1
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
6-*-. A proAectile is thro"n vertically #p"ard and ret#rns to its starting position in ( s. 1hat "as
its initial velocity and ho" high did it rise%
s = v
o
t + at
2
; 0 = v
o
7( s8 + ?7-+.8 ms
*
87( s8
*
6 v
o
= *-.( ms
(t rises !"til v
f
= 0; 2as = v
o
2
- v
f
2
; s
& 7
8
*-.( m s8
*7-+.8 m s
*
*
; s 4 )&.6 m
6-*(. An arro" is shot vertically #p"ard "ith an initial velocity of 8& fts. 1hat is its ma@im#m
height% (At axi! $eig$t) v
f
= 0; a = g = -)* fts
*
8
2as = v
o
2
- v
f
2
6 s
v v
a
f

*
&
*
*
& - 78& ft s8
*7-)* ft s
*
*
8
6 s 4 1&& ft
6-*6. /n Pro0lem 6-*(, "hat are the position and velocity of the arro" after * s and after 6 s%
s = v
o
t + at
2
4 78& fts87* s8 2 ?7-)* fts
*
87* s8
*
6 s 4 +6 ft
v
f
= v
o
+ at = 78& fts8 2 7-)* fts
*
87* s86 v
f
= 16 fts
s = v
o
t + at
2
4 78& fts876 s8 2 ?7-)* fts
*
876 s8
*
6 s 4 -+6 ft
v
f
= v
o
+ at = 78& fts8 2 7-)* fts
*
876 s86 v
f
= -11* fts
6-*'. A hammer is thro"n vertically #p"ard to the top of a roof 16 m high. 1hat minim#m
initial velocity "as re$#ired%
2as = v
o
2
- v
f
2
6 v v as
f &
*
* 16 7&8 *7-+.8 m s m8
* *
87 6 v
o
= 1'.' ms
#ori$ontal Pro%ection
6-*8. A 0ase0all leaves a 0at "ith a hori>ontal velocity of *& ms. /n a time of &.*( s, ho" far
"ill it have traveled hori>ontally and ho" far has it fallen vertically%
x = v
ox
t = 7*& ms87*.( s8 6 x 4 (&.& m
y = v
oy
+ gt
2
= 7&87*.( s8 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
87&.*( s8
*
y

= -&.)&6 m
(*
&
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
6-*+. An airplane traveling at '& ms drops a 0o@ of s#pplies. 1hat hori>ontal distance "ill the
0o@ travel 0efore striking the gro#nd )-& m 0elo"%
*irst #e fi"d t$e tie to fall: y = v
oy
t + gt
2
t
y
g

* *
+ 8
7
.
)-& m8
m s
*
t 4 8.)) s 6 x = v
ox
t = 7'& ms878.)) s8 6 x 4 (8) m
6-)&. At a l#m0er mill, logs are discharged hori>ontally at 1( ms from a greased ch#te that is *&
m a0ove a mill pond. !o" far do the logs travel hori>ontally%
y = gt
2
; t
y
g

* *
+ 8
7
.
*& m8
m s
*
; t = *.&* s
x = v
ox
t = 71( ms878.)) s8 6 x 4 )&.) m
6-)1. A steel 0all rolls off the edge of a ta0le top - ft a0ove the floor. /f it strikes the floor ( ft
from the 0ase of the ta0le, "hat "as its initial hori>ontal speed%
*irst fi"d tie to drop - ftB t
y
g

* *
)*
7 - ft8
ft s
*
6 t = &.(&& s
x = v
ox
t ; v
x
t
x &
(
&(

ft
s .
; v
ox
= 1&.& fts
6-)*. A 0#llet leaves the 0arrel of a "eapon "ith an initial hori>ontal velocity of -&& ms. =ind
the hori>ontal and vertical displacements after ) s.
x = v
ox
t = 7-&& ms87) s8 6 x 4 1*&& m
y = v
oy
+ gt
2
= 7&87) s8 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
87) s8
*
y

= ---.1 m
6-)). A proAectile has an initial hori>ontal velocity of -& ms at the edge of a roof top. =ind the
hori>ontal and vertical components of its velocity after ) s.
v
x
= v
ox
= -& ms v
y
= v
oy
t + gt = & 2 7-+.8 ms
*
87)s86 v
y
= -*+.- ms
()
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
&he 'ore General Problem of &ra%ectories
6-)-. A stone is given an initial velocity of *& ms at an angle of (8
&
. 1hat are its hori>ontal and
vertical displacements after ) s%
v
ox
= 7*& ms8 cos (8
&
4 1&.6 ms6 v
oy
= 7*& ms8 sin (8
&
4 1'.& ms
x = v
ox
t = 71&.6 ms87) s86 x 4 )1.8 m
y = v
oy
t + gt
2
= 71'.& ms87) s8 2?7-+.8 ms
*
87) s8
*
6 y 4 6.'8 m
6-)(. A 0ase0all leaves the 0at "ith a velocity of )& ms at an angle of )&
&
. 1hat are the
hori>ontal and vertical components of its velocity after ) s%
v
ox
= 7)& ms8 cos )&
&
4 *6.& ms6 v
oy
= 7)& ms8 sin )&
&
4 1(.& ms
v
x
= v
ox
= *6.& ms 6 v
x
= *6.& ms
v
y
= v
oy
+ gt = 71( ms8 2 7-+.8 ms
*
87) s8 6 v
y
= -1-.- ms
6-)6. =or the 0ase0all in Pro0lem 6-)), "hat is the ma@im#m height and "hat is the range%
y
ax
occ!rs #$e" v
y
= 0) or #$e": v
y
= v
oy
+ gt = 0 a"d t = - v
oy
&g
t
v
g
t
oy

)& )&
+8
1()
&
sin
.
6 .
m s
s ; +o# #e fi"d y
ax
!si"g t$is tie,
y
ax
= v
oy
t + gt
2
= 71( ms871.() s8 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
871.() s8
*
6 y
ax
4 11.( m
-$e ra"ge #ill .e reac$ed #$e" t$e tie is t/ = 2(1,01 s% or t/ = 1,02 s) t$!s
3 = v
ox
t/= 7)& ms8 cos )&
&
7).&6 s86 3 4 '+.( m
6-)'. An arro" leaves the 0o" "ith an initial velocity of 1*& fts at an angle of )'
&
"ith the
hori>ontal. 1hat are the hori>ontal and vertical components of is displacement t"o
seconds later%
v
ox
= 71*& fts8 cos )'
&
4 1&- fts6 v
oy
= 71*& fts8 sin )&
&
4 6&.& fts
(-
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
6-)'. 7Cont.8 -$e copo"e"ts of t$e i"itial velocity areB v
ox
4 1&- fts6 v
oy
= 6&.& fts
x = v
ox
t = 71&- fts87* s86 x 4 *&8 ft
y = v
oy
t + gt
2
= 76&.& ms87* s8 2?7-)* fts
*
87* s8
*
6 y 4 (6.& ft
96-)8. /n Pro0lem 6-)', "hat are the magnit#de and direction of arro"3s velocity after * s%
v
x
= v
ox
= 1&- fts 6 v
x
= 1&- fts
v
y
= v
oy
+ gt = 76& ms8 2 7-)* fts
*
87* s8 6 v
y
= --.&& fts
96-)+. A golf 0all in =ig. 6-1- leaves the tee "ith a velocity of -& ms at 6(
&
. /f it lands on a
green located 1& m higher than the tee, "hat "as the time of flight, and "hat "as the
hori>ontal distance to the tee%
v
ox
= 7-& ms8 cos 6(
&
4 16.+ ms6 v
oy
= 7-& ms8 sin 6(
&
4 )6.*( ms
y = v
oy
t + gt
2
: 1& ft = 7)6.*( ms8 t 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
8t
2
'olvi"g 4!adratic 7-.+t
2
12,20t + 10 = 0% yields: t
1
4 &.*8' s a"d t
2
= 5,11 s
-$e first tie is for y = +1& m o" t$e #ay !p) t$e seco"d is y = +1& m o" t$e #ay do#",
-$!s) t$e tie fro tee to gree" #as: t = 5,11 s
6ori7o"tal dista"ce to teeB x = v
ox
t = 716.+ ms87'.11 s86 x = 1*& m
96--&. A proAectile leaves the gro#nd "ith a velocity of )( ms at an angle of )*
&
. 1hat is the
ma@im#m height attained.
v
ox
= 7)( ms8 cos )*
&
4 *+.' ms6 v
oy
= 7)( ms8 sin )*
&
4 18.(( ms
y
ax
occ!rs #$e" v
y
= 0) or #$e": v
y
= v
oy
+ gt = 0 a"d t = - v
oy
&g
t
v
g
t
oy

18((
+ 8
18+
&
.
.
6 .
m s
s
*
; +o# #e fi"d y
ax
!si"g t$is tie,
y
ax
= v
oy
t + gt
2
= 718.(( ms871.8+ s8 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
871.8+ s8
*
6 y
ax
4 1'.( m
((
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
96--1. :he proAectile in Pro0lem 6--& rises and falls, striking a 0ill0oard at a point 8 m a0ove the
gro#nd. 1hat "as the time of flight and ho" far did it travel hori>ontally.
v
ox
= 7)( ms8 cos )*
&
4 *+.' ms6 v
oy
= 7)( ms8 sin )*
&
4 18.(( ms
y = v
oy
t + gt
2
: 8 m = 718.(( ms8 t 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
8t
2
'olvi"g 4!adratic 7-.+t
2
18,00t + 8 = 0% yields: t
1
4 &.-+' s a"d t
2
= 1,12 s
-$e first tie is for y = +8 m o" t$e #ay !p) t$e seco"d is y = +8 m o" t$e #ay do#",
-$!s) t$e tie fro tee to gree" #as: t = ).*+ s
6ori7o"tal dista"ce to teeB x = v
ox
t = 7*+.' ms87).*+ s86 x = +'.' m
Challen!e Problems
6--*. A rocket travels in space at 6& ms 0efore it is given a s#dden acceleration. /t3s velocity
increases to 1-& ms in 8 s, "hat "as its average acceleration and ho" far did it travel in
this time%
a
v v
t
f

&
71-& m s8 - 76& m s8
8 s
6 a = 1& ms
*
s
v v
t
f

F
H
G
I
K
J
&
*
1-&
8
m s 26& m s
*
s bg6 t 4 8&& s
6--). A railroad car starts from rest and coasts freely do"n an incline. 1ith an average
acceleration of - fts
*
, "hat "ill 0e the velocity after ( s% 1hat distance does it travel%
v
f
= v
o
+ at 4 & 2 7- fts
*
87( s86 v
f
4 *& fts
s = v
o
t + at
2
4 & 2 ?7- fts
*
87( s8
*
6 s 4 (& ft
(6
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
96--. An o0Aect is proAected hori>ontally at *& ms. At the same time, another o0Aect located 1*
m do"n range is dropped from rest. 1hen "ill they collide and ho" far are they located
0elo" the release point%
A: v
o@
4 *& ms, v
oy
= &6 ": v
ox
= v
oy
4 &
9all 9 #ill $ave falle" t$e dista"ce y at t$e sae tie t as .all A, -$!s)
x = v
ox
t and 7*& ms8t 4 1* m6 t = 0,200 s
y = at
2
= ?7-+.8 ms
*
87&.6 s8
*
6 y 4 -1.'6 m
6--(. A tr#ck moving at an initial velocity of )& ms is 0ro#ght to a stop in 1& s. 1hat "as the
acceleration of the car and "hat "as the stopping distance%
a
v v
t
f

&
& - )& m s
1& s
6 a = -).&& ms
*
s
v v
t
f

F
H
G
I
K
J
&
*
)&
1&
m s 2 &
*
s b g6 s 4 1(& m
6--6. A 0all is thro"n vertically #p"ard "ith an initial velocity of *) ms. 1hat are its position
and velocity after *s, after - s, and after 8 s%
Apply s = v
o
t + at
2
and v
f
= v
o
+ at for tie of *, -, and 8 sB
(a% s = 7*) ms87* s8 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
87* s8
*
6 s = *6.- m
v
f
= 7*) ms8 2 7-+.8 ms
*
87* s8 6 v
f
4 ).-& ms
(.% s = 7*) ms87- s8 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
87- s8
*
6 s = 1).6 m
v
f
= 7*) ms8 2 7-+.8 ms
*
87- s8 6 v
f
4 -16.* ms
(c% s = 7*) ms878 s8 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
878 s8
*
6 s = -1)& m
v
f
= 7*) ms8 2 7-+.8 ms
*
878 s8 6 v
f
4 -((.- ms
('
y
<
A
1* m
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
6--'. A stone is thro"n vertically do"n"ard from the top of a 0ridge. =o#r seconds later it
strikes the "ater 0elo". /f the final velocity "as 6& ms. 1hat "as the initial velocity of
the stone and ho" high "as the 0ridge%
v
f
= v
o
+ at6 v
0
= v
f
at = 7-6& ms8 - 7-+.8 ms87- s86 v
o
4 -*&.8 ms
s = v
o
t + at
2
4 7-*&.8 ms87- s8 2 ?7-+.8 ms87- s8
*
6 s 4 16* m
6--8. A 0all is thro"n vertically #p"ard "ith an initial velocity of 8& fts. 1hat are its position
and velocity after 7a8 1 s6 708 ) s6 and 7c8 6 s
Apply s = v
o
t + at
2
and v
f
= v
o
+ at for tie of *, -, and 8 sB
(a% s = 78& fts871 s8 2 ?7-)* fts
*
871 s8
*
6 s = 6-.& ft
v
f
= 78& fts8 2 7-)* fts
*
87* s8 6 v
f
4 16.& fts
(.% s = 78& fts87) s8 2 ?7-)* fts
*
87) s8
*
6 s = +6.& ft
v
f
= 78& fts8 2 7-)* fts
*
87) s8 6 v
f
4 -16.& fts
(c% s = 78& fts876 s8 2 ?7-)* fts
*
876 s8
*
6 s = 6-.& ft
v
f
= 78& fts8 2 7-)* fts
*
876 s8 6 v
f
4 -+6.& fts
6--+. An aircraft flying hori>ontally at (&& mih releases a package. =o#r seconds later, the
package strikes the gro#nd 0elo". 1hat "as the altit#de of the plane%
y = gt
2
= ?7-)* fts
*
87- s8
*
6 y 4 -*(6 ft
96-(&. /n Pro0lem 6--+, "hat "as the hori>ontal range of the package and "hat are the
components of its final velocity%
v
o
= 000 mih 4 ')) fts; v
x
= v
o@
= ')) fts6 v
oy
= 0; t = : s
x = v
x
t = 7')) fts87- s86 x = *+)& ft
v
y
= v
oy
+ at = 0 + (-12 fts87- s86 v
y
= -128 fts6 v
@
4 ')) ms
(8
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
96-(1. A p#tting green is located *-& ft hori>ontally and 6- ft vertically from the tee. 1hat
m#st 0e the magnit#de and direction of the initial velocity if a 0all is to strike the green at
this location after a time of - s%
x = v
ox
t; 2:0 ft 4 v
ox
7- s86 v
ox
= 20 ms
s 4 v
o
t 2 ?at
*
; 2: ft 4 v
oy
7- s8 2 ?7-)* fts
*
87- s8
*
6 v
oy
= 8& fts
v v v
x y
+ +
* *
6& 7 78& ft s8 ft s8
* *
6 tan
8& ft s
6& ft s
v = 100 fts, 4 ().1
&
Critical &hin(in! )*estions
6-(*. A long strip of pavement is marked off in 1&&-m intervals. ,t#dents #se stop"atches to
record the times a car passes each mark. :he follo"ing data is listedB
5istance, m & 1& m *& m )& m -& m (& m
:ime, s & *.1 s -.) s 6.- s 8.- s 1&.( s
Plot a graph "ith distance along the y-a@is and time along the @-a@is. 1hat is the
significance of the slope of this c#rve% 1hat is the average speed of the car% At "hat
instant in time is the distance e$#al to )- m% 1hat is the acceleration of the car%
Data ta;e" directly fro t$e grap$ ("ot dra#"%: Ans. 'lope is v, -.'6 ms, '.1- s, &.
6-(). An astrona#t tests gravity on the moon 0y dropping a tool from a height of ( m. :he
follo"ing data are recorded electronically.
!eight, m (.&& m -.&& m ).&& m *.&& m 1.&& m & m
:ime, s & 1.11 s 1.(6 s 1.+* s *.*1 s *.-' s
(+
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
6-(). 7Cont.8 Plot the graph of this data. /s it a straight line% 1hat is the average speed for the
entire fall% 1hat is the acceleration% !o" "o#ld yo# compare this "ith gravity on earth%
Data ta;e" directly fro t$e grap$ ("ot dra#"%: Ans. 'lope is v, -.'6 ms, '.1- s, &.
96-(-. A car is traveling initially Corth at *& ms. After traveling a distance of 6 m, the car
passes point A "here itDs velocity is still north"ard 0#t is red#ced to ( ms. 7a8 1hat
are the magnit#de and direction of the acceleration of the car% 708 1hat time "as
re$#ired% 7c8 /f the acceleration is held constant, "hat "ill 0e the velocity of the car
"hen it ret#rns to point A%
7a8 v
o
= 20 ms, v
f
4 ( ms, x 4 6 m
2as = v
o
2
- v
f
2
6
* *
* *
&
7( ms8 7*& ms8
* *76 m8
f
v v
a
s

6 a = -)1.* ms
*
708
&
&
* *76 m8
6
* *& ms 2 ( ms
f
f
v v
s
s t t
v v
+
1

1
+
]
6 t = &.-8& s
7c8 'tarts at A #it$ v
o
= 2 ( ms t$e" ret!r"s to A #it$ 7ero "et displacee"t 7s 4 &8B
*as 4 v
o
*
- v
f
*
; 0 = (0 ms8
*
; v
f
2
; v
f
t 7( m s8 m s
*
( ; v
f
= - 0 ms
96-((. A 0all moving #p an incline is initially located 6 m from the 0ottom of an incline and has a
velocity of - ms. =ive seconds later, it is located ) m from the 0ottom. Ass#ming constant
acceleration, "hat "as the average velocity% 1hat is the meaning of a negative average
velocity% 1hat is the average acceleration and final velocity%
v
o
= + - ms6 s 4 -) m6 t = 0 s =ind v
avg
s = v
avg
t; v
) m
( s
6 v
avg
= -0,200 ms
+egative average velocity ea"s t$at t$e velocity #as do#" t$e pla"e ost of t$e tie,
6&
@ 4 6 m @ 4 &
A
v 4 ( ms
v 4 *& ms
- ms
6 m
) m
s + ,
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
96-((. 7Cont.8 s = v
o
t + at
2
6 -) m 4 7- ms87( s8 2 ?a 7( s8
*
6 a = -1.8- ms
*
v
f
= v
o
+ at = : ms 2 7-1.8- ms
*
87( s86 v
f
= -(.*& ms
96-(6. :he acceleration d#e to gravity on an distant planet is determined to 0e one-fo#rth its val#e
on the earth. 5oes this mean that a 0all dropped from a height of - m a0ove this planet "ill
strike the gro#nd in one-fo#rth the time% 1hat are the times re$#ired on the planet and on
earth%
-$e dista"ce as a f!"ctio" of tie is give" .y: s = at
2
so t$at
o"e-fo!rt$ t$e acceleratio" s$o!ld res!lt i" t#ice t$e drop tie,
t
s
g
e
e

* *7- m8
+.8 m s
*
t
e
4 &.+&- s
t
s
g
p
p

* *7- m8
*.-( m s
*
t
p
4 1.81 s
96-('. Consider the t"o 0alls A and < sho"n in =ig. 6-1(. <all A has a constant acceleration of -
ms
*
directed to the right, and 0all < has a constant acceleration of * ms
*
directed to the
left. <all A is initially traveling to the left at * ms, "hile 0all < is traveling to the left
initially at ( ms. =ind the time t at "hich the 0alls collide. Also, ass#ming @ 4 & at the
initial position of 0all A, "hat is their common displacement "hen they collide%
<4!atio"s of displacee"t for A a"d 9:
s = s
o
+ v
o
t + at
2
(#atc$ sig"s%
*or A: s
A
= & 2 7-* ms8t + 72- ms
*
8 t
2
*or 9: s
9
= 18 m 2 7-( ms8t 2 ?7-* ms
*
8 t
2
; +ext siplify a"d set s
A
= s
9
- 2t + 2t
2
= 18 0t - t
2
1t
2
+ 1t 18 = 0 t
1
= - 1 s) t
2
= +2 s
Accept t = +1 s as ea"i"gf!l a"s#er) t$e" s!.stit!te to fi"d eit$er s
A
or s
9B
s
A
4 -*7* s8 2 *7* s8
*
6 @ 4 2 - m
61
v = - 0 ms
*
v = - 2 ms
+
a
a
= +- ms
*
x = 18 x = 0
A
"
a
.
= -2 ms
*
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
96-(8. /nitially, a tr#ck "ith a velocity of -& fts is located distance of (&& ft to the right of a car.
/f the car 0egins at rest and accelerates at 1& fts
*
, "hen "ill it overtake the tr#ck% !o" far
is the point from the initial position of the car%
<4!atio"s of displacee"t for car a"d tr!c;:
s = s
o
+ v
o
t + at
2
(#atc$ sig"s%
*or car: s
=
= 0 + 721& fts
*
8 t
2
; -r!c;: s
-
= 000 ft 2 7-& fts8t 2 &;
'et s
=
= s
-
0t
2
= 000 + :0t or t
2
8t 100 = 0; t
1
= -6.'' s6 t
*
4 21-.8 s
'olve for eit$er dista"ce: s
=
= (10 fts
*
871-.8 s8
*
6 s 4 1&+* ft
96-(+. A 0all is dropped from rest at the top of a 1&&-m tall 0#ilding. At the same instant a second
0all is thro"n #p"ard from the 0ase of the 0#ilding "ith an initial velocity of (& ms.
1hen "ill the t"o 0alls collide and at "hat distance a0ove the street%
*or A: s
A
= 100 m 2 v
0A
t + gt
2
= 100 m 2 & 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
8 t
2
*or 9: s
<
4 & 2 7(& ms8t 2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
8 t
2
'et s
A
= s
9
1&& ; -.+ t
2
= (& t

-.+ t
2
; 00 t = 100; t = 2,00 s
,olve for sB s
A
= 1&& m ; 7-.+ ms
*
87* s8
*
6 s 4 8&.- m
96-6&. A 0alloonist rising vertically "ith a velocity of - ms releases a sand0ag at the instant "hen
the 0alloon is 16 m a0ove the gro#nd. Comp#te the position and velocity of the sand0ag
relative to the gro#nd after &.) s and * s. !o" many seconds after its release "ill it strike
the gro#nd%
-$e i"itial velocity of t$e .ag is t$at of t$e .alloo": v
o9
= + : ms
*ro gro!"d: s = s
o9
+ v
o9
t + gt
2
; s = 18 m + (: ms%t + (->,8 ms
*
%t
2
6*
v 4 &
s 4 & s 4 (&& ft
v 4 -& fts
2
A
<
s 4 &
s 4 1&& m
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
s = 18 m 2 7- ms87&.) s8 ; 7-.+ ms
*
87&.) s8
*
6 s 4 16.8 m
96-61. An arro" is shot #p"ard "ith a velocity of -& ms. :hree seconds later, another arro" is
shot #p"ard "ith a velocity of 6& ms. At "hat time and position "ill they meet%
?et t
1
= t .e tie for first arro#) t$e" t
2
= t

- 1 for seco"d arro#,
s
1
= 7-& ms8t
1
2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
8t
1
2
; s
1
= :0t :,>t
2
s
2
= 76& ms8t
2
2 ?7-+.8 ms
*
8t
2
2
; s
2
= 20(t 1% - :,>(t 1%
2
s
1
= s
2
; :0t :,>t
2
= 20t 180 :,>(t
2
2t + >%
-$e sol!tio" for t gives: t = :,0: s
+o# fi"d positio": s
1
= s
2
= 7-& ms87-.(- s8 ; 7-.+ ms
*
87-.(- s8
*
6 s 4 8&.6 m
96-6*. ,omeone "ishes to strike a target, "hose hori>ontal range is 1* km. 1hat m#st 0e the
velocity of an o0Aect proAected at an angle of )(
&
if it is to strike the target. 1hat is the
time of flight%
y = v
oy
t + gt
2
= 0; ( v
o
si" 10
0
%t = (:,> ms
*
8t
2
or t
v
t v
&('-
- +
&11'
&
&
.
.
6 .
E 4 v
ox
t = 1* km6 7v
o
cos 10
0
%t 4 1*,&&& m6
t
v

1- 6-+
&
,
,et t 4 t

&('-
- +
1- 6-+
&
&
.
.
, v
v

6 *ro #$ic$ v
o
= )(- ms and t 4 -1.- s
96-6). A "ild 0oar charges directly to"ard a h#nter "ith a constant speed of 6& fts. At the instant
the 0oar is 1&& yd a"ay, the h#nter fires an arro" at )&
&
"ith the gro#nd. 1hat m#st 0e the
velocity of the arro" if it is to strike its target%
y 4 & 4 7v
0
si" 10
0
%t + (-12 fts
*
8t
2
; 'olve for t
t
v
v
&( *
)*
& &)1*(
&
&
. 7 8
. ; t = 0,01120 v
o
6)
s
1
4 s
*
6& ms
-& ms
v = -20 fts
s
1
= s
2
s = 100 ft
s = 0
v
o
)&
&
Chapter 6 Uniform Acceleration Physics, 6
th
Edition
s
1
=( v
0
cos 10
0
% t = (0,822 v
o
%(0,01120 v
o
%; s
1
= 0,0251 v
o
2
96-6). 7Cont.8 s
1
= &.&*'1 v
o
2
; t 4 &.&)1*( v
o
v
9
= - 6& fts6 s
o<
4 )&& ft
s
2
= s
o9
+ v
9
t = )&& ft 2 7-6& fts8t
s
2
= )&& ; 6& 7&.&)1*( v
o
% = )&& 1.8'( v
o
+o#) set s
1
= s
2
a"d solve for v
o
&.&*'1 v
o
2
= )&& 1.8'( v
o
or v
o
2
+ 6+.* v
o
11,&'& 4 &
-$e 4!adratic sol!tio" gives: v
o
= '6.* fts
6-
s
1
= s
2
s = 100 ft
s = 0
v
o
)&
&