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1. PHSICAL QUANTIITES : The quantities which can be measured, analyzed and subjected to mathematical manipulation are called physical quantities.
2. FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL QUANTITIES : The physical quantities which do not depend upon any other quantities for their measurement are called fundamental quantities. There are seven fundamental physical quantities, they are (i) Length (ii) Ma (iii) Ti!e
(i") Te!#e$at%$e (") E&e't$i' '%$$ent ("i) L%!in(% inten it) an* ("ii) A!(%nt (+ %, tan'e. In addition to the fundamental physical quantities there are two quantities called supplementary quantities (i) P&ane ang&e an* (ii) S(&i* ang&e . Unit (+ !ea %$e!ent: The standard used for the measurement of a physical quantity is called the unit of that physical quantity. The requirement of a !ood unit are "i# The unit should be invariable "ii# It should be easily reproducible "iii# The unit should be universally accepted.
1.1 THE REALM OF PHYSICS Page 3
'. (undamental quantities and their base units in &I system N( F%n*a!enta& -%antit) 1. )en!th 2. *ass . Time '. Temperature -. .lectric current 0. )uminous intensity 1. /mount of substance SI ,a e %nit metre +ilo!ram second +elvin ampere candela ,ilomole S)!,(& m +! s , / cd +mol
&upplementary quantities and their base units N( 1. 2. %##&e!enta$) -%antit) 2lane an!le &olid an!le SI ,a e %nit radian steradian S)!,(& rad sr
-.
De$i"e* -%antitie : The quantities which depend on two or more fundamental quantities for their measurement are called derived quantities. &ome of the derived quantities and their &I units are
N(. 1. 2. . '.
S)!,(& 3 5 4 $
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0. O$*e$ (+ !agnit%*e: The order of ma!nitude of a physical quantity is defined as the power of ten nearest to that number.
N%!,e$ . ./ 0 . 1 1/1 .// 0 . 1 1/2 ..3 0 ..3 1 1// 4./ 0 4 1 1// 5 1 1/2. 3 1 1/671
SYM=OL a + # n @ ! ' *
SYM=OL *a h ? M A T P E
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