Review #3 problems

with solutions
for Chapters 37-40
Chapter 37 #1
Two fixed navigation beacons mark the approach lane to a star. The beacons are in line with
the star and are 28 Mm apart in a reference frame of the star. A spaceship approaches the star
with a relative velocity of 0.8c and passes the beacons. The passage of the ship between the
the beacons is timed by an observer on the ship. What time interval he measures?
Review problems
At = 0.07 s
Chapter 38 #1
A 100 W arc lamp operates with an efficiency of 5% for emitting light. Assume it emits light
of wavelength 657 nm. How many photons per second does it emit?
~ 1.710
19
/s
Chapter 39 #1
An electron has a kinetic energy of 5.8 eV. Find the energy of a photon that has the same
de Broglie wavelength as the electron.
Review problems
E

~ 2.4 keV
Chapter 40 #1
A free electron which has a kinetic energy of 3.0 eV is incident on a square-well potential.
The depth of the well is -5.0 eV and the width is 4.0 nm. Find the wavelength of the wave
function of electron (a) outside the well; (b) inside the well.
(outside) ~ 708 pm
(inside) ~ 433 pm
U=0
U=5 eV
E=3 eV
Read also text book.
Electron is flying over the well. At infinite
distance from the well KE=3 eV, potential
energy U=0, and total energy E=+3eV.
Inside the well the total energy E will be conserved,
but potential energy will change to U=5 eV.
) ( 2 ) ( 2
2 2
) ( 2


U E m
h
U E m
k
U E m p
k where
De Ce Solution
ikx ikx

= =

= =
+ =
+

t t

outside well (EU)=3 eV and ~70810

12
m=708 pm
inside well (EU)=(3 ( 5))=8 eV and ~43310
12
m=433 pm
Chapter 37 #2
Two fixed navigation beacons mark the approach lane to a star. The beacons are in line with
the star and are 78 Mm apart in a reference frame of the star. A spaceship approaches the star
with a relative velocity of 0.5c and passes the beacons. As the ship passes the first beacon the
ship emits a short radar pulse towards the second beacon, and the radar echo is received at the
ship. Find time interval between the emission of the radar pulse and the reception of the radar
echo measured by the observer on the board of spaceship.
(see next page for solution)
Review problems
( ) ( ) ( )
( )
( )
( )
(a). esult from with the r coincides
en will , that th / t on as n ime dilati arsip by t of the st ence frame the refer with ith
related frame is reference in star's t r, es. Howeve rence fram erent refe from diff two events
tween nterval be der time i e we consi ent becaus are differ in (b) t (a) and vals als Time inter
0.35s
m/s 10 3 1.5
m 10 78 2
1 c
2l
c
x
t . Then,
1
l 2
x or x x l l
ve: we will ha equations these two Combining
c. t : x t or time the ship f velled by stance tra is the di ,where x
c
x l
c
l
t
p: to starshi on return e reflecti d after th acon #2 an o reach be r signal t needed fo t interval
e ons). Tim r (or beac of the sta nce frame the refere start in (b) Let's solution Possible
0.30sec
1.5
0.25 1
m/s 10 3
m 10 78 2
1 c
2l
c
2x
and
1
l
1
l
x
l find: o x we wil respect t ation with g this equ , solvin
c
x
v x) Thus, (l
t/2: v x) path (l rough the e t/2 c for tim velocity v
r with he observe towards t ill travel e latter w acon #2 th ill hit be ar pulse w Before rad
c
2x
c
x
c
x
t
fter t the ship a return to and will both ways distance x
travel ignal will So, the s irections. in both d velocity c move with . It will distance x
e er the sam bserver ov n to the o will retur eflection nd after r observer a from the distance x
2 at some e beacon # rror of th hit the mi ulse will he radar p the ship t er inside For observ
1.155
1
1
c v 1-
1
78Mm and , where l

l
l
racted: er is cont his observ cons for t etween bea Distance b
0.5. c, where y v th velocit he ship wi r inside t he observe towards t is moving beacon #2
hip. The f moving s ce frame o he referen lem in t r the prob Conside (a) solution Possible
8
6 0
12
0
12 0
12
0
12
0
12
0
12
8
6 0
12
0
12 12
12
12
2 2 2
0
12
0
12
12
' =
'
'
~


=
+
= = '
+

= = +
' = '

+ = '
'
~

=
+
= =
+
=
+
=
=
= =
= + =
=

= = = =
= =

Chapter 37 #3
The special theory of relativity predicts that there is an upper limit c to the speed of a particle.
It thus follows that there is also an upper limit on the following property of a particle (select
one correct statement):
(a) The kinetic energy
(b) The total energy
(c) The linear momentum
(d) More than one of these
(e) None of these (correct statement)
1 1 1
Momentum
1
energy Kinetic
1
energy Total
2 2
2
2
2
2
2

= =
=
=
|
| mc
-
c m
p
mc
-
mc
KE
-
mc
E When vc or |1.0
E m KE and p
Chapter 38 #2
A large number of 30.0 pm photons are scattered twice by stationary electrons. Find the range of
wavelengths of the doubly-scattered photons in units of pm.
Review problems
( )
When in Compton scattering the electrons are scattered one time the
range of the resulting wavelengths can be found from
(see book equation 38.23) :
h
1 cos taking into account that cos varies
mc
l l j j

= + -
( ) ( )
-34 -31 8
by two units
between 1 and 1 :
, 2h mc ,
2h mc 2 6.63 10 J s 9.1 10 kg 3 10 m / s 4.857pm
30pm, 34.857 pm
After second Compton scattering the range of scattered wavelengths
will be e
l l l
l
-

+


= =

2
xtended by factor of 2, that is 30pm, 39.714 pm l

Chapter 38 #3
An electric current through a tungsten filament maintains its temperature at 2800 K.
Assume the tungsten filament behaves as an ideal black body radiator at that temperature
and the effective radiating area of the filament is 2.010
6
m
2
(a) Find the wavelength at which the maximum in spectral emittance occurs;
(b) Find the total power radiated by the filament.
1,036nm m 10 1.036
2800K
K m 10 2.90
T
K m 10 2.90
4.965kT
hc

): law (38.30 placement Wien's dis (a) From

6
3 3
m
= ~

=

= =


( ) 6.97W 2800K
K m
W
10 5.67 m 10 2.0 T A I A P
m 10 2.0 a A iating are total rad ntensty by tiplying i und by mul can be fo ated power Total radi
K m
W
10 5.67 where T I
28): body (38. or a black mann low f efan-Boltz nd from St can be fou intensity radiated (b) Total
4
4 2
-8 2 -6 4
2 -6
4 2
-8 4
~ = = =
=
= =

Chapter 39 #2
Find (a) the shortest and (b) the longest wavelength of a photon that can be emitted by a hydrogen
atom, for which the final state is n=4.
Review problems
nm 063 , 4
eV / J 10 1.6 eV 306 . 0
s / m 10 3 s J 10 63 . 6
E
hc
;
hc
E from
: h wavelengt ing correspond and eV 306 . 0
4
eV 6 . 13
5
eV 6 . 13
E E E
: 4 n to 5 n from transition the to s correspond h wavelengt longest ) b (
nm 462 , 1
eV / J 10 1.6 eV 85 . 0
s / m 10 3 s J 10 63 . 6
E
hc
;
hc
E from
: h wavelengt ing correspond and eV 85 . 0
4
eV 6 . 13 eV 6 . 13
E E E or
4 n to from changing n to correspond will h wavelengt shortest with transition the ) a (
1455). page (on series s Brackett' for fomula use also can One .
n
eV 6 . 13
n
hcR
E
(38.9) e.g. by given are n state quantum the in hydrogen of levels Energy . 5,6,7,... n
with states excited from occurs transition if 4 n with state final the in be can Hydrogen
19 -
8 34
2 2
4 n 5 n
19 -
8 34
2 2
4 n n
2 2
n
=


=
A
= = A
=
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|
= = A
= =
=


=
A
= = A
=
|
.
|

\
|

|
.
|

\
|

= = A
=
= =
=
=

= =

= =

Chapter 39 #3
An unstable particle produced in a high-energy collisions is measured to have an energy
of 483 MeV and an uncertainty in energy of 39 keV. Use the Heisenberg uncertainty principle
to estimate the lifetime of this particle.
s 10 1.69
J/eV 10 1.6 eV 10 3.9
s J 10 1.055
E
t
t E nciple: inty pri uncerta Heisenberg
20
-19 4
34

=


= >
>

Chapter 40 #2
Wave function is given by
( )
( ) ( )
( ) L x 0 x
L x 0 x L x A x
0 x 0 x
> =
s s =
< =
Find normalization coefficient A for this wave function.
Review problems
( ) ( )
( )
5
5 2
5 5 5
2
L x
0 x
5 4 2 3
2
L
0
4 3 2 2 2
-
L
0
2
2 2
2
L
30
A or 0333 . 0 L A
5
L
2
L
3
L
A
5
x
4
L x 2
3
L x
A dx x L x 2 L x A 1
1 dx x L x A dx x : condition ion Normalizat
= =
=
|
|
.
|

\
|
+ = + = + =
= =
=
=
+

}
} }

Chapter 40 #3
Consider a particle of mass m in a box of width L (from x = 0 to x = L) and let the particle be
in a state n=11. What is the first value of x, larger than 0, where the probability of finding the
particle is highest?
( )
( )
22
L
x and
2 L
x 11
that means That
. 1
L
x 11
sin when time first 0) x (at max to go will and
dx x by given is dx interval within x given at particle find to obability Pr
.
L
x 11
sin
L
2
x
(40.13) eq. from found be can function wave 11 n with state a in L size of box a in particle a For
2
n
n
= =

=
|
.
|

\
|

>

=
=
t t
t

t

Chapter 37 #4
System S' has a velocity u =+0.45 c relative to system S, as shown. The clocks of S and S' are
synchronized at t = t' = 0 s when the origins 0 and 0' coincide. An event is observed in both systems.
The event takes place at x = 600 m and at time t = 1.9 s, as measured by an observer in S.
Find the x'-coordinate of the event, measured by an observer in S.
( )
( )
2
6
8 6
Using Lorents transformation between S and S inertial coordinate systems:
where 0.45
1
1.1198
1 (0.45)
600
1.9 10
1.1198 600 0.45 3 10 / 1.9 10 384.6 m
g
g
-
-

= - =
= =
-
=
=

= - =
dx dx u dt u c
dx m
dt s
dx m m s s
Chapter 38 #4
The particle nature of light is best illustrated by which of the following?
A) The scattering of alpha particles from gold foil
B) The fact that hot objects emit electromagnetic radiation.
C) The diffraction pattern observed when a beam of electrons is scattered by a crystal.
D) The fact that a rainbow consists of a continuous spectrum of colors.
E) The ejection of electrons from a metal surface illuminated by light.
Correct answer is E
Chapter 39 #4
A 560 eV electron beam is directed normally at the surface of a crystal. The first order
intensity maximum of diffracted electrons occurs at an angle of 25 from the normal. Find
the spacing of the surface planes of the crystal.
34
31 19
10
(1) sin with 1
or / sin
(2) / where 2
and kinetic energy of
2 sin
6.62 10
2 9.1 10 560 1.6 10 sin25
1.227 10 123
d m m
d
h p p mT
T e
h
d
mT
J s
kg J
m pm
q l
l q
l
q
-
- -
-
= =
=
= =
-
= =

= =

=
Chapter 40 #4
The wave function for a particle must be normalizable because
A) the particle's momentum must be conserved.
B) the particle's angular momentum must be conserved.
C) the particle's charge must be conserved.
D) the particle must be somewhere.
E) the particle cannot be in two places at the same time.
Correct answer is D