1

1. Introduction Bangladesh is the 5th most natural disaster prone country among 173 countries in the world. Every year disaster upset peoples lives in many part of the country. The geographic setting of Bangladesh makes the country vulnera le to natural disasters. Thats why Bangladesh is faced to negative impact on social! economic! cultural and every sphere of lives. "n spite of having sufficient resources and programs we are not a le to reduce the losses ecause of proper co#ordination. "n this regard social worker can play an effective role to diminish the losses of disaster y coordinating! relating programs and proper utili$ation of resources. 2. Concept of Disaster %isaster comes &atin word '(strum which means star. The ancient elieved that earth)uake! volcanoes! and like where mandated y the heaves. Even today! we dont have much control over these natural disaster! ut we can do have control over their effects. %isaster is defined as a crisis situation causing widespread damage far e*ceeds our a ility to recover. 3. Types of Disaster %isasters are divided into two asic groups+ a, -atural %isaster , .an#made disaster Natural Disaster+ ( natural disaster is characteri$ed y the a normal intensity of natural agent when the usual measures to e taken to prevent their emergence or were not a le to e taken. (mong the natural disasters are flood! earth)uake! volcanoes! fire! erosion! drought! cyclone! tsunami! tidal surge! tornado etc. Man-made Disaster+ ( man#made disaster is caused y the desultory working of human eings. (mong man#made disaster are war! pollution! nuclear e*plosions! fires! ha$ardous! material e*posures and transportation accidents etc. 4. Scenario of Disaster in Ban lades! "t has een pointed out that the worst disasters in the world tend to occur etween the tropic of cancer and the tropic of /apricorn! which is confidentially the area that the poorer countries. This is applies to Bangladesh where the cause of natural disaster is its geographical setting. The lofty 0imalayas in the north and the funnel like shape of the Bay of Bengal in the south have made Bangladesh one of the worst victims of the catastrophic ravages of natural disasters like flood! droughts! cyclones! storm! surges etc. -ow we represent the scenario of ma1or disaster that occurred in the previous year.

"lood# The people of Bangladesh faced 17 devastating floods in the last 53 years. The country lost over T4 1.53 lakh core on account of flood. 6ear Total flooded area /rops damaged Estimated loss7core, 7Thousand s)uare 7million metric ton, 4.m., 1855 95.33 3.: Tk. 1233 1897 57.33 1.5 T4. 13333 1899 99.83 2.5 T4. 12333 1889 83.33 2.2 Tk. 23333 2335 92.33 2.33 Tk. 52333 Besides normal floods during the last half of a century Bangladesh sustained a total loss of T4.55!333 core. $art!%ua&e# ( ;- report from 2313 ranks %haka as the most vulnera le city at risk of earth)uake damage! alongside Tehran. ( ta le of these recent earth)uakes is given elow# 6ear 1887 1887 1888 .agnitude7<. =cale, 5.: 5.8 5.1 %amages =ome uilding >ive storied uilding! 23 lives &ocal cyclone /entre! many houses!: lives. /racks in some uildings in %haka (reas =ylhet /hittagong .oheshkhali

2331

moderate

-orth Bengal including %haka

Cyclone# ( statistics of the death of people is shown from 18:3#2337.

6ear 18:3 18:3 18:1 18:3 18:5 1873 1895 1881 1885 1887 2337

(rea -oakhali and Barishal /hittagonf offshores .egna coastal area -orth part of /hittagong Barishal and -oakhali /hittagong!Bhola! -oakhali Bhola!;rirchar /hittagong and co* a$ar =outh /hittagong /hittagong and co*s a$ar Barishal coastal area Total

-um er of death 3!553 5!158 11!5:9 11!523 18!273 3!33333 5!2:5 1!38!333 199 155 9!333 9!51!5:5

'i(er erosion# "t is so devastating that it is devouring hectors of lands every year. Every year average 9733 acres land is going in the rivers and 13 lakh people are eing damaged. Between 1858#1881! droughts occurred in Bangladesh 25 times. %amage to <ice /rops due to %rought 6ear 1879 %amage 3.7 million tons of Amanrice due to rain deficit in (ugust and =eptem er 3.: million tons of Ausrice! 3.3 million tons of Amanrice! and 3.5 million tons of Bororice crops 3.12 million tons of Aus, and 1.3 million tons of Amanrice 3.5 million tons of Amanrice due to rain deficit in ?cto er

1878

1891

1892

Tornado =ome of the %evastating -orwesters and Tornadoes 15 (pril 18:8 17 (pril 1873 13 (pril 1875 11 (pril 1875 %emra 7%haka, .anikgan1 7%haka >aridpur Bogra

38 .ay 187: 31 (pril 1877 2: (pril 1898

-arayangan1 >aridpur .anikgan1

). Causes and Impact of Disaster# *t a lance %isaster >lood /auses E*cessive flow in monsoon "mproper infrastructural development 83@ of the total catchment area across the order. %eforestation in upper catchment area. (reas affected impact >lood plains of the %isruption of Bramaputra# communicati Aamuna!theBanges on of Cadma and the &oss of .eghna river agricultural system production %isruption of essential services -ational economic loss &oss of human eing (lmost all areas! &oss of agricultural especially the production northeast region of =tress on national the country economy due to ad harvesting

%rought

Earth)uak e

/yclone

&ess and uneven rainfall in dry season and wet season. -on availa ility of surface water in dry season. >luctuation of ground water level Beographical location of -orthern and %amage and Bangladesh having ma1or and central part of the destruction of moderate faults. country property &oss of life and destruction of life style. Beographical setting of /oastal areas and %isruption of Bangladesh offshore islands communication and /oastal configurations life style system. athymetry of the ay of &oss of lives and Bengal. agricultural &ocation of "T/D near the production.

Tornado

Erosion

e)uator and its sniffing with apparent movement of the sun across the Bay. "ntense ground heating and low =cattered areas of &oss of lives and level moisture incursion from the country io#diversity the ay of Bengal during pre %estruction of and post monsoon. property and damage %amage of essential services &oss of national economy (ltering the flow of river Banks of the &oss of land Brahmaputra# %isplacement of Aamuna. The human population BangesCadma and livestock and.eghna river Evacuation! system. damage of property and loss of life

+. Disaster Mana ement %isaster management is the discipline of dealing with and avoiding risks. "t is a discipline that involves preparing for disaster efore it occurs! disaster response! supporting! and re uilding society after natural or human#made disasters have occurred. "n general! disaster management is the continuous process y which all individuals! groups and communities manage ha$ards in an effort to avoid or ameliorate the impact of disasters resulting from the ha$ards. ,. Disaster Mana ement Cycle %isaster management is a cycle dealing with four stages of a disaster+

1. Crevention E .itigation 2. Creparedness 3. <esponse E <elief 5. <ecovery E <eha ilitation

This cycle is also known as CC<< .odel such as Crevention! Creparedness! <esponse! and <ecovery.

"i ure# Disaster Mana ement Cycle

,.1. -re(ention . Miti ation Creventing vital infrastructure and ha itation in risk $ones. &and use planning. %isaster resistant uildings. /ommunity awareness and education. <etrofitting weak uildings. >ollow uilding ye laws. /apacity uilding .aking laws! manuals! standard operating procedures and checklist <estrictive and incentive =afety culture# societal

,.2. -reparedness /ommunity awareness and education. Creparation of disaster management plans for communityFschoolsF individuals .ock drills! practical e*ercises. .aking inventory of resources! oth human and material. Effective warning system. "dentifying vulnera le groups. .utual aid arrangements. <esource ase "nstitutional framework <esponse mechanism

,.3. 'esponse . 'elief (ctivate control rooms and issue situation reports. "mplement %isaster .anagement Clans. %etail search and rescue teams with medical support. =etting up community kitchens with help of -on BovernmentFGoluntaryF Bovernment ?rgani$ations. .o ili$ing resources. Temporary shelters including toilet facilities. %isposal of dead# human and animals carcasses.

,.4. 'eco(ery and re!a/ilitation <emoval of de ris and saniti$ation. .aking community aware on the health and safety measures. <estoring essential services like water! electricity! sewerage and communication links. Croviding temporary shelters. Croviding relief# financial and in lieu. <estoring employment opportunities. /ounseling trauma cases. <econstruction of new uildings and repairing damaged ones.

0. Disaster Mana ement in Ban lades! 0.1. 12s in Disaster Mana ement

Bangladesh has always been recognized as a high risk country with recurring natural disaster. For managing the consequences of natural disasters, government has made considerable efforts in organizing disaster relief operations within the limits of the resources available.

C!art-1 National Disaster anagement !nstitutions in Bangladesh

National Disaster anagement "ouncil

!nter # inisterial Disaster anagement "oordination "ommittee

National Disaster anagement $dvisory "ouncil

inistry of Food and Disaster

anagement

unicipal Disaster "ommittee

Directorate of Food

Directorate of Relief Disaster Management &nion Disaster anagement "ommittee anagement&pazilla Disaster anagement "ity "orporation Disaster District and Rehabilitation Disaster Bureau "ommittee anagement "ommittee anagement "ommittee

"yclone %reparedness %rogramme !mplementation Board &nion village

*one+ &pazilla

8.1.1) National and Field Level Councils/Committees on Disaster Management &nder the 'overnment orders these are the following council and committees at the national and field levels concerned with disaster management. A) National Council/Committees 1. National Disaster Management Council (he %rime minister is the chairperson of this council. (he council is the supreme body to formulate and review the disaster management policies and to issue directives to all concerned. 2. Inter-Ministerial Disaster Management Co-ordinations Committee (he inister, inistry of Food and Disaster anagement and )elief are the chairman of this committee. (he responsibility of ! D "" is to implement the policy and decisions of the National Disaster anagement council. . National Disaster Management Advisor! Committee Director 'eneral of Disaster anagement Bureau is the member secretary of this committee and his key responsibility is to advise National Disaster anagement "ouncil, (he inistry of Food and

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Disaster anagement and the Disaster anagement Bureau on technical management and socio# economic aspects of disaster prevention+mitigation, preparedness, emergency response rehabilitation and reconstruction matters. ". C!clone #re$aredness #rogramme Im$lementation %oard &C##I%) !t is headed by the secretary, issues on cyclone. 't(er Committees ,. Disaster anagement (raining and %ublic $wareness Building (ask Force -D ($(F. anagement -F%0"'. anagement -N'0"". inistry of Disaster anagement and )elief. !ts purpose is to decide

/. Focal %oint 'roup of Disaster

1. N'0 "o#ordination "ommittee on Disaster

2. "ommittee for speedy Dissemination on Disaster )elated 3arning+4ignals - ollah 5 )ahman, 6778.

%) )(e Field Level Disaster Management Committee 1. District Disaster Management Committee !t is headed by the Deputy "ommissioner -D"..!t has been functioning to co#ordinate and review the Disaster anagement activities of the district concerned. 2. *$a+illa Disaster Management Committee !t is headed by the &pazilla Nirbahi 0fficer -&N0..!ts purpose is to co#ordinate and review the Disaster anagement activities at the &pazilla 9evel. . *nion and #ourasava Disaster Management Committee !t is headed by the "hairman of the &nion %arishad+%ourasava.!ts purpose is to co#ordinate,revies and implement the disaster anagement activities. ". Cit! Cor$oration Disaster Management Committee !t is heads by the ayor of the city corporation. !ts purpose is to co#ordinate, review the disaster management activities at the etropolitan area - ollah 5 )ahman, 6778..

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8.1.2) DISASTER MANAGEMENT REGULATORY FRAMEWORK

Management Regulatory Framework

C!art -2

Disaster Management Framework

Disaster anagement $ct -draft.

Regulatory
40D 67:7

%olicy

National %lan for D -67:7#67:,.

12

Disaster Management Framework

4ectoral %olicies -D)) 4ectoral plans-D)) !ncorporated. >azard specific %lans

Regulatory
Guideline Templates

Disaster

Programming for Implementation

Management Regulatok

Bangladesh;s regulative framework for disaster management provides for the relevant legislative, policy and best practice framework under which the activity of Disaster )isk )eduction and <mergency framework includes= anagement in Bangladesh is managed and implemented. (he

1. Disaster Management Act $ Disaster anagement $ct will be enacted with a view to create the legislative tool under which disaster risk and emergency management will be undertaken in Bangladesh, and the legal basis in which activities and actions will be managed.

2. National Disaster Management #olic! $ National Disaster anagement %olicy will be formulated to define the national perspective on disaster risk reduction and emergency management, and to describe the strategic framework, and national principles of disaster management in Bangladesh. . Disaster Management #lans (he Bangladesh National %lan for Disaster anagement is a strategic document to be effective for a certain period of time. (his is an umbrella plan that provides the overall guideline for the relevant sectors and the disaster management committees at all levels to prepare and implement their area of roles specific plans.

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". ,tanding 'rders on Disaster (he 4tanding 0rders on Disaster describes the detailed roles and responsibilities of committees, inistries and other organizations in disaster risk reduction and emergency management, and establishes the necessary actions required in implementing Bangladesh;s Disaster anagement odel. 8.1. ) 't(er Initiatives 1. Disaster Management %ureau &DM%) (he promotion role of the D B is to provide support to disaster management decision makers and practioners at all levels in Bangladesh. %romotion of Disaster prevention and preparedness within all agencies and levels? providing guidelines, organize training, promoting the preparation of disaster plans? %rovision of e@pert staff services to the National Disaster anagement "ouncil-ND ".and the !nter# inisterial Disaster anagement "oordination "ommittee-! D "".?0peration of the National <mergency 0peration "entre-<0". at time of disaster are the functions of D B.

2. Com$re(ensive Disaster Management #rogram &CDM#)- %anglades( (he "omprehensive Disaster anagement %rogram -"D %. of the 'overnment of Bangladesh -'oB. is implemented by the inistry of Food and Disaster anagement - oFD . and is supported by &ND%, DF!D#B and the <uropean "ommission -<".. "D % is designed to ddevelopment of seismic hazard and vulnerability and risk assessment methodology for earthquake risk mapping of Dhaka, "hittagong and 4ylhet "ity "orporation areas? conduction of vulnerability assessment of engineered and non#engineered buildings in three cities? development of fragility functions for different type of buildings? conduct risk assessment of the selected cities? conduct different trainings including teachers training, engineers training, masons training, government officials and policy makers training etc.?preparation of contingency plans at national level, city level, agency level?reparation of guidelines on development of contingency plans for lifelines. -4ource= www.net.org.http+nset+html++tk67::+68# cdmp bbd.pdf. . Millennium Develo$ment .oals (he illennium Declaration of 4eptember 6777 identified, among others, the following key obAectives= %rotecting the vulnerable.

15

B3e will spare no effort to ensure that children and all civilian populations that suffer disproportionately the consequences of natural disastersCare given assistance and protection so that they can resume normal life as soon as possible.D %rotecting our common environment, resolving to Bintensify cooperation to reduce the number and effects of natural and man#made disastersD.-source= swisscooperation.admin.en+Bangladesh++ C resource#en#677EE. ". #overt! /eduction ,trateg! #a$er &#/,#)- %anglades( "onsidering the direct poverty disaster linkages the Bangladesh %)4% included one separate policy matri@ Number 71 on comprehensive disaster management towards poverty reduction and growth 8.2. N.'s in Disaster Management Bangladesh is one of the most disaster#prone countries in the world. 'overnment can;t alone can effective measure to reduce the risk of disaster. N'0s have played a maAor role in bringing concerns related to risk management on to the national agenda and promoting a shift of focus from mere relief response to disaster mitigation and preparedness. 'overnment has accepted N'0s as maAor partners in disaster management and mitigation. (he maAor N'0s work in disaster mitigation are=

%anglades( /ed Crescent ,ociet! (o mitigation the risk of disasters, different types of programmers are run by B)"4. (hese programme are# "ommunity Based Development !nitiatives-"D!. %rogramme "ommunity Based Disaster )isk )eduction %rogramme <arthquake %reparedness and )esponse programme -source= Bangladesh )ed "rescent 4ociety, http=++www.bdrcs.org..

15

%/AC B)$" has taken some initiatives to reduce disaster risk# icroclimate weather stations

4tandard operation procedure 'eographical information system %artnering to increase our institutional capacity <arly warning 3aste management -source= Brac,http=++www.brac.net 5 http=++www.bracredearch.org.

CA/I)A, "aritas has some initiatives to reduce disaster risk= <nhancement of adaptive capacity of drought vulnerable community <mergency disaster management program-<D %. 4trengthening the community for -source="aritas,http=++www.caritasbd.org.. disaster risk management -4"D) .

1:

'01am '01am2s 3or4 on )(e /iver %asin #rogram (he )iver Basin %rogram -)B%. intends to demonstrate a robust intervention model that reduces the vulnerability of people, particularly women, living in char and haor areas. (he focus areas are= inimizing the effects of flooding by constructing flood shelters, cluster villages and raised homesteads and increasing awareness to public health.

4trengthening livelihoods by providing trainings for developing skills, financial support, and linkages with markets. >elping people being prepared by training them to cope and live with floods, providing emergency stock piling and coordination. %reparing people to live with the floods -4ource=0@fam,http=++www.o@fam.org.wk.. 3. '24$ 2" S2CI*4 52'6$'S IN DIS*ST$' M*N*1$M$NT#

7"or t!e people8 5it! t!e people8 /y t!e people. /y t!e people is t!e /est option. Social 9or& emp!asi:es on t!is option most to disaster mana ement;.

The social work profession has long een involved with disaster relief! oth through the professions roots in the provision of wartime relief! and its concern with the physical environment of people. Beginning with the /ivil Har and continuing with the formal role of social workers in Get /enters! social workers have helped treat the trauma resulting from wartime deployment 7Cryce E Cryce! 2333,. "n the social work perspective! the environment is included among the physical! iological and social factors influencing the welfare of individuals! groups! and populations. =ince the late nineteenth century social workers have intervened in the microenvironments of people to improve their health status! residential living environment! workplace conditions! and social and psychological functioning 7Dakour!

17

188:a,. (n important focus for these interventions has een the ur an environment of immigrants to the ;nited =tates efore 1833. /rowded and unhealthy tenement living! poor pu lic health! and elevated mor idity and mortality in these ur an settings led to colla orative efforts y social workers and pu lic health workers to seek to reform ur an systems and conditions. (hese early urban reform efforts were closely related to the 4ettlement >ouse movement led by Fane $ddams at >ull >ouse, and to the "harity 0rganization 4ocieties. (he settlement house workers lobbied for public health reforms which resulted in a sharp decrease in morbidity and mortality from epidemic disease in urban areas -*akour, :88/a.. 4ettlement workers in "hicago provided disaster relief and services to victims of the "hicago Fire in :21:. "harity 0rganization 4ocieties -"04. responded to the 4an Francisco <arthquake of :87/, using their tradition of interagency coordination to improve disaster response. Both the "04 and the settlement house workers represent early movements within social work emphasizing both community mobilization and services coordination. "ommunity mobilization to improve environmental conditions for individuals, households, and populations provided the roots for environmental concerns in social work today. ore effective coordination continues to be a focal point for improvements in disaster response within social work. "oordination promises to make services accessible for vulnerable populations, as well as link services together to provide for improved continuity of care for victims of disaster -*akour 5 >arrell, 677G.. !n Bangladesh, social workers can also play the most effective roles in disaster management. (he roles of social workers in disaster management are divided into three phases which are pre#disaster management, during disaster management, and post disaster management. (he roles of social workers in these phases are described below= 3.1. 'ole of social 9or&ers in pre-disaster mana ement# There are a num er of roles of social workers to play in pre#disaster management. These are descri ed elow+ De(elopment of meteorolo ical 9arnin systems# Harning is very important to com at disaster. ( social worker can urge the concerned department of government to formulate a effective warning system so that it ena les to warn the risky people efore disaster. Besides! a social worker can aware the community a out efficient signals and its meaning. >or these a social workers can arrange seminars! symposiums! and showing short drama etc. Dissemination and campai nin related to disaster mana ement information# =ocial workers 1ustify all information related to disaster management. (fter then! they campaign a out disaster. Disaster mana ement education and trainin # =ocial workers work with different agencies and government organi$ations program to train the community a out com ating disaster. =ocial workers can encourage the community to participate a out

19

disaster management program and help a ove organi$ations to prepare effective programs. 2r ani:e community to ma&e nei !/or!ood response teams# ( social worker helps and encourages to organi$e neigh orhood response teams so that the unaffected can help the affected in a community during disaster. De(eloped policy and procedure# =ocial workers help the government y providing necessary information 7including risky area! vulnera le population! their attitudes a out disaster and assistance taken y B?s and -B?s! a ility to concerned community and how they want to cope with disaster, to make policies. Creatin a9areness# =ocial workers create awareness among community people a out disaster. They arrange seminars! symposium a out disaster. They also allocate leaflet and encourage community people to participate disaster related program. To communicate 9it! or ani:ational representati(es# =ocial workers communicate with different organi$ational representatives and co#ordinates among them to avoid repetition of program. Besides! they encourage organi$ational representatives to take effective motivational and supportive program. <ulnera/ility assessment# =ocial workers assess the vulnera le area of disaster! the vulnera le groups including children! women! physically challenged! old! low income population and minority groups and call upon different concerned agencies to take the vulnera le#friendly program so that these population can access to these programs. To /uild up net9or&s# =ocial workers help to uild up networks among community people! formal and informal organi$ations in the community! community leaders! -B?s! B?s etc. To identify community leaders# =ocial workers identify community leaders including social leaders! informal organi$ational leaders! political leaders! youth leaders! and skilled person to prevent and cure of disaster. Identity and train t!e (olunteers# Golunteers are most important during disaster and post disaster. But it is totally difficult to collect volunteers at emergency period. =o social workers identify the volunteers for emergency period and train them. To pro(ide trainin and moti(ation to community leaders# =ocial workers train and motivate community leaders so that they interact with community people at different discussion a out disaster.

5.2. /ole o1 ,ocial 6or4ers during Disaster Management7 )o identi1! disaster a11ected area= $ disaster is deadly and amid e@periences. 4ometimes most of the disaster attracted in a scattering way to the area and community and distances from the epicenter. !n this regard a professional social worker firstly identifies the deadly and disaster prone area, so that social worker referred proper requires the needs of the community.

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8vacuation and rescue Management team= $fter disaster affected area evacuation and rescue management needs. !n this regard professional social workers organize and direct the evacuation and rescue response force to keep the last breathe of the disaster affected peoples. #rovide 8mergenc! s(elter 9ome Facilities= $fter rescuing disaster affected people need to meet the proper secure place. $ social worker identifies government and N'0s shelter and motivated to shelter the place. #rovide 8mergenc! logistics su$$ort= 9ogistics support refers to structural and nonstructural equipment such as fork lift, ranger, bulldozer tent, rope raw materials and so on. !n these aspects a social worker collects distribution those materials to the rescue team. )o $rovide emergenc! relie1 distri:ution= !t is one of the core tasks of a social worker. $fter sheltering disaster affected people are needed basic and necessary relief. <mergency relief such as food, cash money, cloths, fuel, rice, sugar, oil, cooked and dried food and so on. )o $rovide 1irst aid medical services = %roviding medical care facilities are one of the core responsibilities of a social worker. edical services may be provided in the forms of oral saline, water purification tablet, control diarrhoea and epidemic diseases. !n this regard a social worker can play a vital role as a medical social worker. #rovide counseling 1or disaster survivors= "ounseling services is a supportive or motivative services to relieve their amid and deadly e@periences of the disaster affected people .Disaster survivors feel lonely and break down their normal life and always worried how to lead the best life and mostly they are traumatized. !n this regard a social worker can play as supportive role to remove the grievous situation. "ounseling services may be psychological, physical, mental, traumatic therapy, rehabilitation therapy. 'rgani+e 8mergenc! Fund /aising= "ollection or manage fund raising is a crucial responsibility of a social worker. Fund raising source may be government allotted and N'0s initiative. Cremated or %uried Deat( and Carcasses= Disaster affected death body and carcasses polluted the environment and spread over epidemic form of diseases. 4o it must need to emergency buried death body. !n this regard a social worker organizes volunteer team to manage the burial system in his +her religious values and customs. Communicate Local Civil De1ense ,tation= !t is one of the crucial roles of a social worker to contact the local civil defensive station. 4uch as fire services station, local government body professional organization and so on. 'rgani+e communit! rescue team= (his function of a social worker identifies community volunteer to engage the remove disaster ruins. Not only remove ruins, but also a supportive and

23

motivated partner during disaster. !t also defines the role of a social worker to provide training and educating the community response team. Communicate 3it( .'s and N.'s related to disaster management = No single initiative is sufficient to tackle down the uncovenitent situation of the disaster affected area. !n this regard a social worker regularly contact with '0s such as Food and Disaster inistery ,Disaster anagement Bureau, 9ocal Disaster anagement "ommittee and N'0s such as giant N'0s 0@fam, )ed "rescent 4ociety, "oncern Bangladesh ,$ction $id , &ND% and so on. #rovide s$ecial care to c(ildren and old aged $eo$le7 During disaster children and old aged people stay in vulnerable situation. (hey feel insecurity, loneliness and inspected events. !n this regard a social worker plays a vital role on the base of priority to save the children and senior citizen.

5. . /ole o1 ,ocial 6or4er in #ost Disaster Management= (he role of social work in post disaster identifies the rehabilitation and development of the disaster affected peoples. !n this regard a professional social worker can play a vital role coincides with the social work method, values, and techniques. Coo$erating In1rastructure /e$airing and Construction = (his role of a social worker defines negotiating and constructing infrastructure development e.g.C road, culvert dam, bridge, dike, canal etc. (his role also refers supportive and recovering agent to return normal life. !n this regard a social worker communicated with government and N'0s infrastructure development department. 4uch as 9')D, )>D, 40$*, 4<(& D<%$)( <N( 3$$(<) D<H<90% <N( B0$)D $ND "$)<, 0IF$ . #roviding Com$ensation 1or t(e Disaster A11ected #eo$les = (his role defines the 'ovt, N'0s and donor agency monetary commitment of the disaster affected peoples. !n this regard a social worker identifies who were affected disaster and category on the base of his+her profession and finally distribute the cash to the disaster affected peoples. Identi1ication and *tili+ing Local /esources = (his role of a social worker defines making a self#employment of the disaster affected peoples with the local resources capital. !n this regard a social worker identifies resources and find out the capability of attempt to make self#reliant. #rovide ,(ort and Long )erm 8m$lo!ment ,ervices = !n this regard a social worker negotiates and consultant for the employment of the disaster affected peoples. Following the role a social worker find out the scope of employment and suggest recruiting there. #rovide /e(a:ilitation Materials= (his role of a social worker defines providing rehabilitation materials e.g. cattle, seed, and tree house materials etc.

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Coo$erate 3it( Local Administration in /e(a:ilitation ,tage = !n this regard a social worker communicates with local body such as &nion parishad,&pazilla parishad and higher order official format at district level for the rehabilitation. Allotted %ene1it #rograms- 6riting .rants and Advocating 1or .';) #rograms = $ social worker suggests engaging in government food security and rehabilitation programs, such as work for Food, H'F, H'D &'%% allowances subsidy and so on. )raining and 8ducating #eo$le= !t is the core function of a social worker to provide effective training and educating about the disaster and the techniques how to save from the events.

1<.Conclusion 4ocial workers can play the most effective roles in disaster management. !n fact social workers are the change maker. (hey always work for the welfare of the society as well as for the country. Disaster management activities played by the social workers is quite satisfactory. But the recommendation is that they should be more enthusiastic on their assigned task.

'eferences
:. Bangladesh )ed "resent 4ociety retrieve from,http=++www.bdrcs.org#last visited on E December, 67:6. 2. Bangladesh: State of Environment 2001. G. Barton, $llen >. :8/8. "ommunities in Disaster. $ 4ociological $nalysis of "ollective 4tress 4ituations. 'arden "ity, NJ= Doubleday. %adgett, Deborah K. 6776. E. Bell, Fanet 9. :88,. B(raumatic <vent Debriefing= 4ervice Delivery Designs and the )ole of 4ocial 3ork.D 4ocial 3ork E7-:.= G/#EG.

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,. Brac,Bangladesh, retrieve from http=++www.brac.net# last visited on E December,67:6. /. "aritas, Bnangladesh, retrieve from http=++www.caritasbd# last visited on E December,67:6. 1. "arter, 3. Nick -:88:.. Disaster Management: A Disaster Managers Handbook.Asian Develo ment Bank.Manila 2. "omprehensive Disaster anagement %rogram -"D %., Bangladesh retrieve from, www.net org.hp+net+html+tk67::+68#"D %,BD.pdf# last visited on , December,67:6 8. "osgrove, Fohn '. 6777. B4ocial 3orkers in Disaster "ross.D (ulane 4tudies in 4ocial 3elfare 6:+66= ::1#:62. :7. Disaser Management !ro"e#t $are Bangladesh%200& ::. 'overnment of the %eople;s )epublic of Bangladesh, national %lan for Disaster anagement, 67:7#:,, retrieve from#www.swiss cooperation.admin.en+Bangladesh++Cresource#en#677EE# last visited on / December,67:6 12. Hamid' M. A. (1))1*. A Data Base on Agri#+lt+re and ,oodgrains in Bangladesh (1)-.%-& to 1)&)%)0*.Dhaka. :G. Fohnson, Knowlton 3., 4usan 0lson#$llen, and David "ollins. 6776. B$n <valuation 4trategy for !mproving Disaster Hictim 4ervices= Blueprint for "hange.D !nternational Fournal of ass <mergencies and Disasters 67-:.= /8#:77. :E. 9uis Flores Ballesteros. L3hat determines a disasterML ,E %esos 4ep 6772=,E %esos :: 4ep 6772. :,. ollah, ohammad ainuddin 5 )ahman,4k.4aifur,%eople;s anagement ,Bangladesh %erspective,B&B( Aournal,vol 6,6778. %articipation in Disaster ental >ealth 4ervices= (he $merican )ed

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6E. *akour, ichael F., and <velyn B. >arrell. 677G. B$ccess to Disaster 4ervices= 4ocial 3ork !nterventions for Hulnerable %opulations.D Fournal of 4ocial 4ervice )esearch G7-6.= 61#,E.