HKPhO 2005

The following symbols and constants will be used throughout the examination paper unless otherwise specified: g gra!itational acceleration on "arth surface# $%& 'm(s2) G gra!itation constant# *%*+ x ,0-,, '. m2(/g2) e charge of an electron# ,%* x ,0-,$ '0 s) 0 electrostatic constant# &%&5 x ,0-,2 '0 s)('1 m) me electron mass 2 $%,, x ,0-3, /g c speed of light in !acuum# 3%0 x ,0& m(s 4adius of "arth 2 *3+& /m 5un-"arth distance 2 ,%5 x ,0,, m 6ensity of water 2 ,%0 x ,03 /g(m3 6ensity of iron 2 +%+ x ,03 /g(m3 6ensity of mercury 2 ,3%* x ,03 /g(m3 5peed of sound in air 2 370 m(s g !"# $%& 'm(s2) G # *%*+ x ,0-,, '. m2(/g2) e #$#%# ,%* x ,0-,$ '0 s) 0 &## &%&5 x ,0-,2 '0 s)('1 m) me #$'(# $%,, x ,0-3, /g c )*+!# 3%0 x ,0& m(s ,- 2 *3+& /m ./-01 2 ,%5 x ,0,, m 234" 2 ,%0 x ,03 /g(m3 534" 2 +%+ x ,03 /g(m3 2634"2 ,3%* x ,03 /g(m3 *789!2 370 m(s The following conditions will be applied unless otherwise specified: ,) 0ll ob8ects are near "arth surface and the gra!ity is pointing downwards% 2) .eglect air resistance% 3) 0ll speeds are much lower than the speed of light% :; ,) <=>?@ABC 2) DE*7FC 3) <=!"GHIA+!%

HKPhO 2005

Multiple choice questions '2 points each% 5elect one answer in each 9uestion%)
JKLMNOLPQNOLJKRSTUV :,; <0 car of mass m is slipping down a slope of inclination angle at a constant acceleration a% The static friction coefficient between the wheels and the slope is % =hat is the friction force between the wheels and the slope> R'(W m 3XYZ["W 3[\]^ !" a _`abcde\3& fghWbide\3fgb 'a) mgcos% 'b) mg% 'c) mg'sin - )% 'd) m'g - a)% 'e) mgsin - ma. '5tatic friction coefficient does not apply to slipping% 0s the acceleration is gi!en# applying .ewton?s 2nd law will bring the answer%) :2; 4efer to the figure# rectangle PQRS represents the crosssection of a uniform magnetic field region of 0%20 T% 0n electron is pro8ected at a speed of v 2 2%0 ,0* m(s into the region at an angle of 30 to the direction of the magnetic field% The length of the magnetic field region is 0%0, m% @ind the number of re!olutions made by the electron before it lea!es the magnetic field region% <Two weights# both of mass m# are 8oined by a weightless spring of natural length l and force constant k% They are placed on a smooth surface and at rest% One weight is suddenly gi!en an impulse and ac9uires an initial !elocity v towards the other weight% =hat is the speed of the center of mass of the weights-spring system> j+_kl=m'(GW m 3>8noRpqr"W l sW k 3 tuvwxbyzq{c8R>R|(}~=B R>3!" vbim>3'3!"b 'a) 0%5v% 'b) 'c) 0%5v kl 2 ( 2m % kl 2 ( 2m 0%5v % 'd) v% 'e) 0%5v kl 2 ( m . '0fter the initial impact# the net external force on the system containing the two weights and the spring is Aero# so the center of mass mo!es at constant !elocity%) :7; <@ollowing the abo!e BC% =hat is the minimum distance between the two weights> lLbim>nX01b 'a)
l
v 2

:3;

v 2

m % k

'b)

l v

m % 2k

'c)

l v

m % k

'd)

m % k

'e)

m . k

'Choose the reference frame on the center of mass of the system% Then one sees the two weights mo!ing at v(2 towards each other% Then apply energy conser!ation%)

HKPhO 2005

:5;

<0s shown# a wheel of weight W and radius 0%& m is placed against a 0%3 m height rectangular bloc/ fixed on the ground% The wheel has an axle of radius 0%, m% 0 force F is applied tangentially to the axle to lift the wheel% The minimum !alue of F isDDD% <bR(W W ,-W 0%& m 3d$j 0%3 m 3bd 3,-W 0%, mbydB F ]d$bi<Xb

0%, m 0%& m

F 0%3 m

'a) ,%05W 'b) 0%&*W 'c) 0%*$W 'd) 0%32W 'e) 2%75W 'Choose the contact point of the wheel with the bloc/ edge as the pi!ot# and apply tor9ue balance%) :*; <0 helicopter is trying to land on a ship dec/ which is drifting south 'unit !ector y 0 ) at ,+m(s% 0 ,2m(s wind is blowing from east 'unit !ector x0 )% The ship crew sees the helicopter descending at 5 m(s% Ta/e the downwards direction as unit !ector z 0 % =hat is its !elocity relati!e to water and air> R`j] ,+m(s B'B( y 0 ) 3lb3!W ,2m(s 3'B( x0 )b] 5 m(s 3!"`ab BBWB( z 0 biw-2*73!"b '5 y 0 ,+ z 0 ) m(sE ' ,2 x0 + ,+ y 0 +5 z 0 ) m(s 'a) ' ,2 x 0 + ,+ y 0 +5 z 0 ) m(sE ',+ y 0 +5 z 0 ) m(s 'b) '5 z 0 ) m(sE ' ,2 x0 + ,+ y 0 +5 z 0 ) m(s 'c) ',+ y 0 +5 z 0 ) m(sE ' ,2 x0 +5 z 0 ) m(s 'd) ,+ y 0 m(sE ' ,2 x0 +5 z 0 ) m(s 'e) '4elati!e motion%) <5uppose the force by air to a plane is always perpendicular to its wings? surfaces% The plane is mo!ing in a circle of radius R at speed v% The inclination angle of the wings should satisfy DDDDDDDD% *7-3e]!" v ,-W R 3 e2k3"DDDDDDDDb 'a) 'd)
sin = v2 Rg

:+;

'b)

cos =

v2 Rg

'c)

tan =

v2 Rg

Rg Rg = 2 'e) 2 v v '.et force pro!ides the acceleration for circular motion%) tan =

:&;

<The mass of the sun isDDDDDD% ./3'(WDDDDDDb

HKPhO 2005

'a) 2 x ,02+ /g 'b) 2 x ,02& /g 'c) 2 x ,02$ /g 30 3, 'd) 2 x ,0 /g 'e) 2 x ,0 /g 'Fse the 5un-"arth distance gi!en# and the fact that "arth re!ol!es around the sun once a year%) :$; :,0; 0 loudspea/er L is placed in the hall with two doors D, and D2 open to the G <0s shown in the figure# a smooth rod is mounted horiAontally on a tabletop% 0 ,0-/g collar# which is able to slide on the rod without friction# is fastened to a spring whose other end is fixed at point-O% The nearest point of the rod to point-O is point-0# and the distance is 20 cm% The spring has a natural length of ,0 cm and of negligible mass# and a spring constant of 500 .(m% The collar is released at ,5 cm from point-0% @ind its speed when reaching point-0% 0

2kl=R3+_lR ,0-/g 3bRuvRx R j01 20 cm 3 O buvpqr"W ,0 cm 500 .(mb0 l 1 O by1 0 ,5 cm @bi 0 3!"b

'a) 0%5$ m(s 'b) 'e) ,%27 m(s '"nergy conser!ation%) :,,;

0%+$, m(s

'c)

,%07 m(s

'd)

0%&& m(s

<0s shown# a big box of mass M is resting on a horiAontal smooth floor% On the bottom of the box there is a small bloc/ of mass m% The bloc/ is gi!en an initial speed v0 relati!e to the floor# and starts to bounce bac/ and forth between the two walls of the box% @ind the final speed of the box when the bloc/ has finally come to rest in the box%

v0

R'(W M 3j+_lb=R'(W m 3>by{>R !" v0}j3mabi>j3!"b 'a) 0 'b) v0 'c)

m v0 M

'd)

'Center of mass speed remains unchanged in the process%) :,2; <0 8et of water from the 30cm-diameter noAAle of a fire hose can reach the maximum height of 25 meters% How large is the force from the water 8et to the hose> Z-W 30 cm 3232 25 bi2-23b 'a) ,5 /. 'b) 3%7* /. 'c) 37* . 'd) 3%7* . 'e) 37%* /. '@irst# using the maximum height to find the initial speed of the water 8ust lea!ing the noAAle# then calculate how much water is gi!en such speed e!ery second%)

m v0 m +M

M v0 m +M

'e)

HKPhO 2005

:,3;

<0s shown in the figure# 0H 2 3%5 m# 0C 2 3%0 m# 06 2 0%5 m% The two rods 0C and HC weight ,50 . each% The floor is frictionless% @ind the tension in the rope% 0H 2 3%5 m# 0C 2 3%0 m# 06 2 0%5 mb 0C 6 0 HC ,50 .benfgbi3b

500 .
4ope @loor

'a) 2&0 . 'b) 500 . 'c) ,50 . 'd) 300 . 'e) ,&0 . '6o force analysis% The force at C by one rod to the other is un/nown% The forces of floor on 0 and H are upwards% Consider the whole structure as one# we get the force at 0 is half the total weight '2 &00 .)% The tension in the rope is horiAontal% Choose C as the pi!ot%) :,7; <$ /g of mercury is poured into a glass F-tube with inner diameter of ,%2 cm% The mercury can flow without friction within the tube% @ind the oscillation period% R-W ,%2 cm 3 F = $ /g 326b26 fgj bib 'a) ,%2 s 'b) 3%7 s 'c) 5%* s 'd) 'e) &%$ s '@ind the restoring force when the mercury is displaced as shown by x%) :,5; <0 tan/ contains water on top of mercury% 0 cube of iron is sitting upright in e9uilibrium in the li9uids% @ind the fraction of its total !olume in mercury% R2326l2bR>35j >bi5j263>e>b 'a) 0%35 'b) 0%53 'c) '5imple buoyancy problem) :,*; 0%, 'd) 0%*2 'e) 0%+3 +%& s

<The a!erage density of "arth is DDDDD x ,03 /g(m3% 3kG4"WDDDD x ,03 /g(m3b 'a) 3%, 'b) 2%2 'c) 5%5 'd) ,%, 'Fsing the radius of "arth and the /nown !alue of g%) 'e) 7%,

:,+;

"ach of the four cells shown has an emf of 3%0 1 and a 0%00+5- internal resistance% @ind the current through the 3- resistor% <The mass in the figure below slides on a frictionless surface% =hen the mass is pulled out# spring , is stretched a distance x, from its e9uilibrium position and spring 2 is stretched a distance x2% The spring constants are k, and k2 respecti!ely% @ind the force pulling bac/ on the mass%

:,&;

HKPhO 2005

j+_k_byuv-, r x, uv-2 r x2buv-, uv-2 3QW k, k2biuv-3b 'a) 'd)

k 2 x, %

'b)

k 2 x 2 %

'c)

'k, x, + k 2 x2 )

k, + k 2 ' x, + x2 ) 2

'e)

k,k 2 ' x, + x2 ) % k, + k 2

'5eparate the three ob8ects# namely the mass and the two springs# and do force analysis on each%) :,$; 0n empty open bottle has an inner !olume of ,%3, x ,0-7 m3% It has a mass of ,,2 g when filled with air at , atm# and it displaces ,%*3 x ,0-7 m3 of water when fully submerged% =hat fraction of the total !olume of the bottle will be beneath the surface when it floats on water but without water inside the bottle> RX3>W ,%3, x ,0-7 m3b , S73'(W ,,2 gb j2X32>W ,%*3 x ,0-7 m3byXBlj2 l2ij23>Qe>b 'a) *$J 'b) ,&J 'e) 7*J '5imple buoyancy problem) 'c) 3&J 'd) ,00J

K2 '& points) 0s shown in the figure# separating two sealed gas chambers is a piston of mass m and area A that can mo!e horiAontally without friction% The !olume and temperature of the left chamber is V, and T,# and that in the right chamber is V2 and T2% 0t e9uilibrium the pressure in both chambers is P% Li!ing the piston a small displacement x off balance to the right# find the maximum displacement to the left and the time needed to get there% The temperatures remain the same% 'Hint:
, , + x for x MM ,) , x

L 2M& QV <m7n=R'(W m W A 3g_b7 3>"QW V, sT, V2 sT2bkm37GW PbyB RX01xiB3<nb8m"b':

, , + x x MM ,) , x

HKPhO 2005

5olutions:
PV, = P,N 'V, + Ax)

'2?)

P,N =

P Ax P ', ) V, , + ' A x ) V,
',?)

PV2 = P2N 'V2 Ax)

P2N =

P , ' A x

V2

P', +

A x ) V2
',?)

F = A' P,N P2N )

, , = PA 2 V + V 2 , x

=hich shows that the piston performs simple harmonic oscillation with
, , k = PA 2 x on the left side from V + V # the maximum displacement is 2 ,

e9uilibrium position%

'2?) '2)

t =
K7 ',0 points)

mV,V2 m = 2 k PA 'V, + V2 )

0s shown# a large ball of mass M is connected on each end by a weightless thread of length l to a small ball of mass m% Initially the three balls are along the straight line on a smooth surface% The large ball is suddenly gi!en an initial !elocity v in the direction perpendicular to the line% @ind 'a) The tension in the thread at the moment the large ball gets the impactE 'b) The tension in the thread at the moment the two small balls meet% L 7M,0 QV r"W 2 l 3tmRS'(W m 3X8RS'(W M 3b Rl3SG&A+_32klby{ M ]RS|(}e 32k!" vbi: 'a) M |(83b 'b) jmX3n83b 0nswers: 'a) Consider we obser!e the motion in the reference frame of mass M # the two small mass m will seen to be performing circular motion with initial !elocity v % The

HKPhO 2005

acceleration of M # by symmetry of the forces acting upon it# will be along perpendicular to the acceleration of the small masses% ',?) 5o# we ha!e
T = mv 2 l

v and

'2?)

'b) 0ns:
2T2 = Ma M aM = 2T2 M

',)

',?)

ta/ing into account the initial force

v T2 + ma M = m x # l
@rom ',) and '2) one gets T2 =

'2)

',?) ',?)

Mmv x % ' M + 2m)l

0ccording to conser!ation of energy# /inetic energy of small balls in translational direction can be related as
, , , 2 2 2' mv x ) + ' M + 2m)vcm = Mv 2 2 2 2
2 mv x =

',?)
2

, , M Mv 2 ' M + 2m) v 2 2 M + 2 m

2 mv x =

, 2m Mv 2 2 M + 2m

',?)

@inally one gets

T, = M 2 mv 2 ' M + 2m) 2 l

'2?)

K5 ',3 points) 0 wooden toy horse rests on a tablecloth on a table# with its front legs 0%3 m from the cloth edge% It weighs ,00 grams and its center of mass is 0%05 m from the front legs and 0%05 m abo!e ground% The distance between the front and bac/ legs is 0%,5 m% The tablecloth is suddenly yan/ed horiAontally with constant acceleration of $%0 m(s2 relati!e to the table% The friction coefficient between the cloth and the horse is 2 0%+5% @ind 'a) the acceleration of the horse relati!e to the tableE 'b) the force on each leg of the horse by the tableclothE 'c) the !elocity and the distance the horse has tra!eled relati!e to table when the edge of the tablecloth reaches the front legs% 'd) If the height of the center of mass could be ad8usted# find the !alue abo!e which the horse would tip off% &

HKPhO 2005

L 5M,3 QV R~'(W ,00 j1! 0%05 m1 0%05 m @!01W 0%,5 mjk3"l!1" 0%3 mb"en3fghW 2 0%+5byzq"]w-A $%0 m(s2 3 !"#bi 'a) 'b) 'c) 'd) w-A3 !"E "-!3E "w-A3!"b "i$%&'3"b

Pull

0nswers: 'a) Oet the acceleration of horse relati!e to the table be a ht # ma ht = mg ',?) 2 2 aht = g = 0%+5 $%&ms = +%35ms ',?) The net tor9ue acting on the toy horse should be Aero# we ha!e N , + N 2 = mg ',?) N , r, = N 2 r2 + mgh '2?) 'mg N 2 )r, = N 2 r2 + mgh r h N 2 = mg , ',?) r, + r2
N 2 = '0%,0kg )'$%&ms 2 ) 0%05m 0%+5 0%05m 0%,5m

'b)

= &%,* ,0 2 N

',?)

'c)

Oet the acceleration of horse relati!e to the tablecloth be a hc # a hc = a a ht = '$%0 +%35) ms 2 = ,%*5ms 2 ',?) The time re9uired for the horse reaches the edge of tablecloth is
t= 2s 2'0%3m) = = 0%*03s a hc ,%*5ms 2

',?) ',?) ',?)

The !elocity of horse relati!e to table at time t is

v ht = a ht t = 7%732ms ,

The displacement on the table is

sN = , , a ht t 2 = '+%35ms , )'0%*03s ) 2 = ,%33*m 2 2

'd)

=hen the horse is about to fall# N 2 = 0 % It implies that r, h 0 ',?)

h r,

0%05m = *%*+ ,0 2 m 0%+5

',?)