UnderstandingTier1Reference MethodsforFiberCertification

RonGroulx ProductSpecialist FlukeNetworksCanada

Tier1 DefinedByTIATSB140
Tier1:OLTS(OpticalLossTestSet)
Measuresthetotalloss,length,andpolarity ofafiberchannel ConformstoTIA568C(TIA52614AandTIA5267) Budget udge Loss osstesting es gwithLS/PM; S/ ;most os closely c ose ysimulates s u a essystem sys e Lengthlimitsarerequiredtomitigatemodaldispersion
VerifypolarityusingbidirectionaltestingorduplexOLTS

Tier2:OTDR(OpticalTimeDomain Reflectometry)
Providesevidencethatcableisinstalledwithoutdegrading events(e.g.,bends,connections,splices) Setsopticalbudgetsforeachindividualevent Identifiessegmentlengths,connectorlocations&losses, andlosseswithinsegments

HowtoMeasureTier1Loss
Set reference by measuring optical signal of t reference f d (t i l LED source on t test cords (typical -20dBm, Laser -8dBm) Plug into the fiber link link, and run a new measurement (test is subtracted from the reference to produce the loss value) Calculate the total optical loss budget of the fiber link to determine pass/fail limit
- maximum attenuation of fiber per km - maximum allowable loss per connection - maximum allowable loss per splice

850 nm 1300 nm

Source

Meter

1) Set Reference

850 nm 1300 nm

Source

Meter

2) Connect to Fiber and run test

The Th difference diff between b t the th test t t limit li it and d th the loss value is the margin (negative is fail)

FiberOptic p TestLimits
Pass/Fail / limitsareestablishedaccording gto twopossiblesetsofcriteria
1. Verifythatalinkcansupportan application
PerformanceoftheChannel isdeterminedbytheactive components Example:IEEE802 802.3 3(1000BASESX;10GBASESR) Genericapproach(oftenaccountsforworst worstcase) case ) Establishlimitsoncharacteristicsofthecomponentsandlink configuration Example:TIA568CandTSB140, 140 ISO11801and IEC147633

2. Verifythattheinstallationisdoneproperly

OpticalPowerMeasurements(dBm)
dBm:Expressesapowerlevelrelativeto1milliwatt(mW)
Pout Energy level in dBm = 10 1 mW

Resultof0dBm Positivevalue Negativevalue

Pout =1mW Pout >1mW Pout <1mW

Example20dBm=0.01mWor10W ReferencevaluesarerecordedasdBm

OpticalLossMeasurementUnits(dB)
Power in: Pin Black box Power out: Pout

Pout Gain or Loss in dB = 10 Pin

Lossismeasuredindecibels(dB) The Th l logarithmic ith i f function ti of faratio ti measurement t Gain:thefunctionyieldsapositive value Loss: L the h function f i yields i ld anegative i value l Cablingisapassiveelement
The h powerratioisalways l aloss! l ! LinkLossisexpressedasapositive number

Sample p dBLossValues
dBLoss 1 2 3 6 7 10 20 30 Pout asa %ofPin 79% 63% 50% 2 % 25% 20% 10% 1% 0 1% 0.1% %of Ratio powerlost Pout/Pin 21% 37% 50% 75% % 80% 90% 99% 99 9% 99.9% 1/2 1/ 1/4 1/5 1/10 1/100 1/1000

FiberLossMeasurement Principle
Difference in two power measurements
1. Reference level: light energy arriving at detector
Test Reference Cord

Source

Detector

-20 dBm 2. Loss measurement: light energy arriving at detector

Fiber Optic Link-under-test TRC Additional TRC

Source
Adapter Adapter

Detector
-24.2 dBm

3 Loss 3. Loss: difference bet between een the t two o meas measurements rements Loss = 4.2 dB

FiberReference OneJumper
Themethodexplainedinthepreviousslideistheessence of fthe h one jumper j method h d(older ( ld Method h dB) ) RecommendedbyTIA568C(TIA5267&TIA52614A) Advantage:
Correctlyyieldsthelossoftwoadaptersandthelinkundertest

Disadvantages:
Canonlybeusedwhenadaptersattheendofthelinkundertestmatchthe adaptertypeinthetester(detector)

Tomaintainthereference:
Thecouplingorlaunchconditionsmustbekeptidenticalthroughoutthetest NEVERREMOVETRCFROMTHESOURCE afterthereference h b has beenset tfor f best b taccuracy

ReferenceAlternate TwoJumper
Typicallyperformedwheninstallationadapters(patchpanels& outlets)donotmatchthetesteradapters(olderMethodA)
Set the reference level:
Launch TRC Receiving TRC

Source

Detector

Measure loss The difference: Link plus ONE connection

Fiber Optic Li k Link-under-test d t t

Launch TRC

Receiving TRC

Source
Adapter Adapter

Detector

ModifiedTwoJumper p
Alternatemethodtodelivertheproperlossmeasurementforthe linkundertestplustwoadapters(olderAdaptedMethodB)
Set the reference level:
Launch TRC Receiving g TRC

Source

Detector

Measure loss The difference: Link plus TWO connections

Fiber Optic Link under test Link-under-test Receiving TRC

Launch TRC

Source
Adapter Ad t Additional TRC Ad t Adapter

Detector

ReferenceAlternate ThreeJumper
Idealfortesting gp patchcords TypicallyusedforTestingcablerunswhenthe Connectorsarenotmatchedatbothends
Launch Reference f Cord Reference Jumper Tail Reference Cord CL2

Source
CL1
CL1 = Loss of connection type 1 CL2 = Loss of connection type 2

Detector
Reads P1

MeasuringThreeJumperMethod
Link-under-test Loss Measurement
Launch L h Reference Cord Fiber Optic Fib O ti Link-under-test Tail T il Reference Cord

Source
CL3 CL4

Detector
Reads P2

ThelossmeasurementiscalculatedasP2 P1 Measuredloss=LossFiber +(CL3CL1)+(CL4CL2) IfCL1 andCL2 arezero, thenthemeasuredlosswillbecorrect ButCL1 andCL2 areNOT zero

ThreeJumperReferenceIsNot Idealfor2PanelLinks
QualityoftheTRCcordsbecomescritical
Testingwithcordsthatareworseprovideamorelenient limit Testing T ti with ithcords d that th tarebetter b tt provide id atougher t h li limit it Thisiscounterintuitivebutcancreaterealproblems

ComparedtotheOneJumpermethodthismethod underestimatesthelinklossbyroughly0.2dBfor MMand0 0.4 4 dBforSM Inconclusion:Useonejumper(withcorrectadapter onthe th detector) d t t )ormodified difi dtwo t jumper j f forli links k withtwoormoredissimilarconnections

ReviewoftheOnejumper Method
Set the reference: Launch Reference Cord

Source
Measure loss: Launch Reference Cord Fiber Link-under-test

Detector

Additional TRC

Source

Detector
CL4

CL3

Keyissue:Detectoradapter=adapterofLinkundertest Measuredloss:LossFiber +CL3 +CL4 NOsystematicerrorfromconnections

DualfiberLossMeasurements
PolarityTest
Ensuresfiberistestedintheproperdirectionin onestep
TR RC

RC

TR

Out

In

Out

In

OneJumperReferencewith DualfiberAdapters
LC

Setreferencewithtwoduplexcords(example shown h usesdiff differentoutputportconnector) )

LC LC SC Out In SC Out In LC

LC

LC

Main Unit

LC Adapter p

Remote Unit

HowtoDisconnectDualfiber OneJumperReference
Connecttothelinkundertest(LUT) ( )
To LUT Remote
LC

To LUT Main

LC

LC LC SC Out In LC Adapter SC Out In LC

LC

Do not move

DualfiberLossMeasurement
Lossmeasurementwithtwoduplexcords
LC LC SC O t Out I In LC LC LC SC O t Out I In LC

Mandrel ControlMultimode LaunchConditions

LEDlightsourcethatpassestheModalPower Di ib i (PMD)specification Distribution ifi i Controltheoverfilllaunchconditionwiththe useofamandrel Diameterandnumber ofwrapsdeterminethe effectofthemandrel Desiredresult: Stripoutthehigherorder modesoflighttomatchVCSELsource

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