INTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT I.

INTRODUCTION
A. Three changes in international political environment since 1945 1. shifts in world distribution of power 2. emancipation of colonies and emergence of developing world (aka Third ". rise of nonstate actors #. $mpact on %& foreign polic' 1. raise issues 2. color polic'(making process b' limiting options orld!

II. SHIFTS IN WORLD DISTRIBUTION OF POWER

A. 1945(4)* %nipolar 1. +haracteristics a. %& dominance in militar' and economics $n 194) the %&, with 4- of the world.s population, produced nearl' 5/- of its product. b. %& onl' ma0or power surviving $$ with econom' intact $$ deaths* %&&1 appro2imatel' 2/ million3 %& appro2imatel' "//,/// c. %& lacked large conventional force 2. $mpact on polic' a. issues raised b. limits #. 1944(52* #ipolar 1. +haracteristics a. emergence of %&&1 as rival b. emergence of two hostile blocs in 6urope c. emergence of new countries outside 6urope d. perception b' superpowers of zero sum game 2. $mpact on polic' a. issues raised b. limits +. 195"()2* 7oose #ipolar 1. +haracteristics a. %&&1 reaches strategic8nuclear parit' with %& b. both alliances show signs of loosening c. competition for allies in developing world 2. $mpact on polic' a. issues raised b. limits 9. 19)"(49* 6merging :ultipolarit' 1. +haracteristics a. emergence of other ;powers< b. %&&1 ac=uires global capabilit' c. allies e2hibit substantial independence d. developing nations become independent actors e. end of perception of >ero(sum game 2. $mpact on polic' a. issues raised

b. limits 6. 199/(?* :ulti(7evel :ultipolarit' 1. 9escription of multi(level multipolarit' a. strategic or militar' level b. economic level c. other 2. +haracteristics a. disintegration of %&&1 b. end of communism as ideological force c. transformation of 6astern 6urope d. %& militar' dominance e. decline of developing world f. rise of globali>ation ". $mpact on polic' a. issues raised b. limits

III. EMERGENCE OF DEVELOPING WORLD

A. +haracteristics 1. @ew countries %@ grows from 51 in 1945 to 149 in 1999 2. Aoor countries B 5" C less than D)5/8'ear B 5) C D)51 ( D",/// B 2" C greater than D2/,/// ". 9iverse but concerned with development 4. A few e2ceptions* a. oil producers b. newl' industriali>ed countries (@$+s!* about D1/,/// per capita annuall' #. $mpact on Aolic' 1. $ssues raised 2. 7imits

IV. RISE OF NONSTATE ACTORS

A. T'pes of @onstate Actors 1. $ntergovernmental organi>ations ($EFs! 2. @ongovernmental organi>ations (@EFs! ". :ultinational corporations (:@+s! #. +haracteristics 1. Erowth in numbers a. $EFs* ") in 19/9 G 25/ in 199)3 almost "// toda' b. @EFs* 1)5 in 19/9 G 5,5// in 199)3 nearl' 25,/// toda' c. :@+s* nearl' "4,/// in 1995 accounting for over 9/- of trade among developed countries 2. Erowth in influence ". +arr' out own foreign polic' 4. :an' :@+s are %&(based 5. orld no longer ;state(centric< 5. 6mergence of terrorist organi>ations +. $mpact on Aolic' 1. $ssues raised

2. Limits V. CONCLUSIONS

A. +omple2it' and uncertaint' for %& polic' #. #road, less direct impact