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231804-P
Social scientists have great need for the development of valid measures, e.g., of the quantity and quality of education services and of the outcomes of those services. Many researchers are frustrated when existing instruments are not well tailored to the task, since they then cannot expect sensitive, accurate, or valid findings. This workshop presents the theory and practice of classical test theory, the traditional approach. It then provides an overview of "modern" measurement as practiced using item response theory with a focus on Rasch measurement. Rasch analysis provides the social sciences with the kind of measurement that characterizes measurement in the natural sciences. Since item response theory focuses on the items and the persons rather than the test score, the synthesis of quantitative analysis with qualitative issues is experienced in a way that is rare in social science. Ultimately, Rasch measurement can facilitate more efficient, reliable, and valid assessment while improving privacy and convenience to users. The workshop is useful for anyone who wants to understand the role of modern measurement in research.
231804-P
Measurement..
:I N S T R U M E N T A T I O N -The Science of Metrology
Measurement....
: Instrument Usage
Measurement....
: Fatalities
FU N DAM E N TAL
PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
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PRESENTATION STRUCTURE
Measurement Overview
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Instrument Properties:
- Construct Validity -Person free - Equal interval - Reliable
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Measurement Overview:
- Q & A Session
: Are you measuring what you want to measure ?
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Measurement Units
Two major units: 1. Fundamental units Length : metre Mass : kilogram Time : second Temperature: kelvin Electricity: Ampere
m kg s oK A
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Measurement of Units
cont.: 2. Derived units Area : square metre Volume : cubic meter Density : kg per m3 Velocity : metres per sec Acceleration: metres per sec sq Force : Newton
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Measurement in Psychology
Recent research has been done in the area of psychometry and in principle has agreed on the approach and criteria of measurement
( Thorndike et al., 1991)
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A PERFORMER
BEAUTIFUL
GLORIOUS
1. Sample / Item dependency 2. Use of Raw scores or Observed counts to develop interval measure 3. Response Validity 4. Item Validity 5. Construct Validity
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Measurement Overview:
- Q & A Session
: What is a measurement construct ? Discuss.
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High Achievers ? How does an item dependent on the sample objects; person Low Achievers ?
?
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Perception assessment => Ordinal; mathematically = axn Linearised, transformed by ratio. = log (axn) = log a + n logx
Linear regression y = mx + c, n = m; gradient thus, ratio scale
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11111111111100100 01100010000000 = 33 ZONE 0 11111111111010100 00110100000000 = 33 10101111101001101 11110111001000100 11011011001000100 01110110101101 = 33 01000000000000 = 27 00000000001000 = 25 ?
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BI-DIRECTIONAL ITEM
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CONCLUSION
A valid measurement in a psychological construct MUST meet five (5) criteria:
1. Linear Scale: AMOUNT 2. Reasonable numerical values: ACCURACY 3. Empirical Coherence: Response, Item and Construct VALIDITY 4. Incorporate parameter separation: REPLICABLE 5. Overcome missing data: PREDICTIVE
(Wright & Mok, 2004)
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Measurement Overview:
- Q & A Session
: Are you measuring what you really want to measure ?
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