KEY

Homework Chapter 10: Gases Exercises: Sections 10.3, 10.4: The Gas Laws; The Ideal-Gas Equation
1. Assume you have a cylinder with a movable piston. What would happen to the gas pressure inside the cylinder if you do the
following? In each case indicate which gas law applies. Follow ALL math work rules!

(a) Decrease the volume by one third while holding the temperature constant?
Boyle's Law

P1V1 = P2V2 P1V1 = x V1 x = if: P1 = 1 V1 = 1 P2 = x V2 = V1

x =

x=

x = 1.5 P1 P2 increases by 1.5, or, 50% P2 = 1.5 P1

(b) Double the Kelvin temperature while holding the volume constant?
Gay-Lussac's Law

= if: P1 = 1 T1 = 1
Avogadro's Law

x=

x = 2P1 P2 = 2P1 P2 increases by 2, or, it doubles

P2 = x T2 = 2T1

(c) Reduce the amount of gas to half while keeping the volume and temperature constant.

= if: n1 = 1 P1 = 1

x=

x = P1 P2 = P1 P2 decreases by , or, 50%

n2 = n1 P2 = x
1

2. A sample of gas occupies a volume of 7.50 L at 0.988 atm and 28.0 oC. Follow ALL math work rules! (a) Calculate the pressure of the gas if its volume is decreased to 4.89 L while its temperature is held constant.
Boyle's Law

P1V1 = P2V2 0.988 atm 7.50 L = x 4.89 L P1 = 0.988 atm V1 = 7.50 L

Charles' Law

x = 1.52 atm

P2 = x V2 =

(b) At what temperature in degrees Celsius is the volume of the gas 4.00 L if the pressure is kept constant.

x = 160.6 K = T2 = x V2 = 4.00 L

113oC

T1 = 28.0oC = 301.2 K V1 = 7.50 L

3. Nitrogen and hydrogen gases react to form ammonia gas: Follow ALL math work rules!

N2(g) + 3H2(g)

2NH3(g)

At a certain temperature and pressure 0.70 L of N 2 reacts with 2.1 L of H2. If all the N2 and H2 are consumed, what volume of NH3, at the same temperature and pressure, will be produced?

Remember: Avogadro's law of gas volumes: at the same T and P, equal volumes of gas contain equal # of gas particles; therefore the volume-to-volume stoichiometric ratio of the balanced chemical equation translates to a mole-to-mole stoichiometric ratio.

2.1 L H2 2 L NH3 3 L H2
4.

0.70 L N2 2 L NH3 = 1.4 L NH3 or 1 L N2 = 1.4 L NH3

(a) What conditions are represented by the abbreviation STP?

0oC 101.325 kPa standard temperature or and pressure 1.0000 atm 273.15 K 760.00 mmHg
2

4. Continued:

(b) What is the molar volume of an ideal gas at STP? ______________

PV = nRT V =
Follow ALL math work rules!

)(

)(

22.4 L

(c) Room temperature is often assumed to be 25oC. Calculate the molar volume of an ideal gas at room temperature.

PV = nRT V =

)(

)(

= 24.5 L

5. For an ideal gas, calculate the following quantities: Follow ALL math work rules! (a) the pressure of the gas if 0.105 mol occupies 217 mL at 15 oC;

P=

)(

)(

= 11.4 atm

(b) the temperature ( in kelvins) at which 0.0270 mol occupies 2.00 L at 0.583 atm;

T=
(c)

( (
o

)( )(
C and 725 torr;

) )

= 526 K

n=

( (

)( )(

) )

= 0.0655 mol

(d) the volume occupied by 6.72 x 103 mol at 45oC and a pressure of 1.57 kPa.

V=

)(

)(

= 11.3 L

6. A neon sign is made of glass tubing whose inside diameter is 2.0 cm and whose length is 4.0 m. If the sign contains neon at a
pressure of 1.5 torr at 35oC, how many grams of neon are in the sign? (The volume of a cylinder is r 2h.) Follow ALL math work rules!

neon has a molar mass of 20.2 g/ mol 2 2

i) V = r h (

) (4.0 x 102 cm) = 1.257 1.3 L

( ( )( )( )( )

ii) PV = nRT P =

m=

= 2.1 x 10-3 g
3

7. If the partial pressure of ozone, O3, in the stratosphere is 3.0 x 103 atm and the temperature is 250 K, how many ozone molecules
are in a liter? Follow ALL math work rules!

O3 has a molar mass of 48.00 g/ mol

i)

PV = nRT P =

m=

( (

)( )(

)( )

= 0.0070 g

ii) 0.0070 g 1 mol O3

6.022 x 1023 molecules O3

48.00 g O3 1 mole O3
rules!

= 8.8 x 1019 molecules O3

8. An aerosol spray can with a volume of 250 mL contains 2.3 g of propane gas (C 3H8) as a propellant. Follow ALL math work (a) If the can is at 18oC, what is the pressure in the can? C3H8 has a molar mass of 44.11 g/ mol
( )( ( )( ) )

PV = nRT P =

)(

= 5.0 atm

(b) What volume would the propane occupy at STP?

STP temperature

PV = nRT V =

)( ( )(

)( )

= 1.2 L

STP pressure

(c) The can says that exposure to temperatures above 130oF may cause the can to burst. What is the pressure in the can at
this temperature?

i) 130oF =
ii) PV = nRT P =

= 54.4oC + 273.15 = 327.55 330 K

( )( ( )( )( ) )

= 5.6 atm

9. Many gases are shipped in high-pressure containers. Consider a steel tank whose volume is 42.0 L and which contains O 2 gas at a
pressure of 16, 500 kPa at 23oC.

(a) What mass, in kg, of O2 does the tank contain? O2 has a molar mass of 32.00 g/ mol
( ( )( )( )( )

PV = nRT n =

= 9011 g =

9.01 kg
4

9. Continued:

(b) What volume, in kL, would the gas occupy at STP?

i) 9010 g O2 1 mol O2 = 282 mol O2 32.00 g O3

ii) PV = nRT V =
( )( ( ) )( )

= 6318 L = 6.32 kL

(c) At what Kelvin temperature would the pressure in the tank equal 150 atm?

T=

( (

)( )(

) )

= 272 K

(d) What would be the pressure of the gas, in Pa, if it were cooled to 15oC and placed in a container whose volume is
55.0L?

i) 15oC + 273.15 = 258 K ii) P =

( )( )( )

= 10,900 kPa 1.09 x 107 Pa

10. After a large eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980, gas samples from the volcano were taken by sampling the downwind gas
plume. The unfiltered gas samples were passed over a gold-coated wire coil to absorb mercury (Hg) present in the gas. The mercury was recovered from the coil by heating it, and then analyzed. In one particular set of experiments scientists found a mercury vapor level of 1800 ng of Hg per cubic meter in the plume, at a gas temperature of 10 oC. Calculate

(a) the partial pressure, in kPa of Hg vapor in the plume;

i) 1 m3 106 cm3 1m ii) 1800 ng

3

1L = 1000 L 1000 cm 1 mol = 9.0 x 10-9 mol Hg

)( )
3

1g

109 ng 200.59 g iii) P =

( )(

2.1 x 10-8 kPa

5

10. Continued:

(b) the number of Hg atoms per cubic meter in the gas;

9.0 x 10-9 mol Hg

6.022 x 1023 molecules Hg = 5.4 x 1015 atoms Hg 1 mole Hg

(c) calculate the number of tons of Hg emitted per day by the volcano if the daily plume volume was 1600 Km3. (HINT:
there are 2.2 pounds per 1 kilogram)

1600 km3 109 m3 9.0 x 10-9 mol 200.59 g 1 kg 1 km

3

2.2 lb 1 ton = 3.2 tons Hg 1 kg 2000 lb

1m

1 mol Hg 1000 g