SD Process Flow

Sales
SD Sales Order

Shipping
Delivery

Billing
Billing Document

MM

No Impact

Post Good Issue

No Impact

FI

No Impact

Financial Entry: Cost of Goods Sold To Inventory A/c

Financial Entry: Customer A/c Dr To Sales A/c

Integration from SD to FI happens at the time of billing. After a SD billing document is saved, it is released to accounting, where it updates the general ledger accounts. The relevant general ledger accounts are determined based on the settings done in revenue account determination. RAD is what determines the financial impact of SD Billing document OR how the SD Billing document is posted to FI general ledger. SAP defines Account Determination as the automatic solution for finding the accounts for posting in the financials with no action required by the user.

Revenue Account Determination Dependents:

FI Perspective Chart of Accounts and GL Account SD Perspective Sales Organization Account Assignment Group of Materials Account Assignment Group of Customers Condition Table Access Sequence Account Determination Type Account Determination Procedure Account Key

Sales Organization:
It is the highest level in SD enterprise structure. Sales Organization represents the selling unit of an organization. The organizational unit is responsible for selling goods, handling credits, returns etc. One company code can have n number of sales organization. Configuration of Sales Organization:

Path: IMG > Enterprise Structure > Definition > Sales and Distribution > Define,Copy,Delete, check sales organization Account Assignment group of Materials:
Account assignment group of materials is used to distinguish general ledger accounts based on different materials and group materials with the same accounting requirements. It is an indicator to determine the GL account maintained for a group of materials. For example, finished products, Services, Trading materials etc. In Material Master, this field appears on the Sales Org 2-tab.

Configuration of Account Assignment Group of Materials: Path: IMG > Sales and Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment/Costing > Revenue Account Determination > Check master data relevant for Account assignment> Materials account assignment >New Entries

Customer Account Assignment Group

Account assignment group of customers is used to distinguish general ledger accounts based on different customer and group customer with the same accounting requirements. It is an indicator to determine the GL account maintained for a group of customers. For example Domestic customer, Foreign customer etc,. In customer master, this field appears in the sales data tab.

Configuration of Account Assignment Group of Materials: Path: IMG > Sales and Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment/Costing > Revenue Account Determination > Check master data relevant for Account assignment> Customers account assignment >New Entries

Condition Table
Specifies the combinations required for determining the GL Account. Some Condition tables for example 01 (Cust.Grp/MaterialGrp/AcctKey), 02 (Cust.Grp/Account Key) are predefined in the system. We can as well define a customized condition table; Configuration of Condition Table: Path: IMG > Sales and Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment/Costing > Revenue Account Determination > Define Dependencies of Revenue Account Determination > Account Determination: create table

Table: freely definable, 2-3 digit numeric code to identify a table. Give any number Enter

Select the required fields (the fields you want to be part of customized condition table) from column FieldCatlg. Save the changes.

Access Sequence
Access Sequence is the search criteria arranged in a logical order to find valid GL account during account determination. We arrange condition table created in earlier step, in the sequence in which we want SAP to access condition records. Until the system finds a valid condition record, the system tries to check the condition records based on the sequence defined, i.e., if the system is unable to find a condition record based on the 1st sequence, it moves to the second and so on, till it finds one. SAP comes with a predefined access sequence viz KOFI(standard account determination) and KOFK (account determination with costing). The difference between the two is in KOFI requirement routine 3 is assigned which checks that CO account assignment is not active. If this condition is fulfilled, it carries out the access, otherwise it skips this step. Configuration of Access Sequence: Path: IMG > Sales and Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment/Costing > Revenue Account Determination > Define Access Sequence and Account Determination Types > Maintain access sequences for account determination

Account Determination Type

This where access sequence, is determined during account determination. KOFI and KOFK are the two pre defined standard condition type in account determination available. Also access sequence is assigned to the condition type.

Configuration of Account Determination Types: IMG > Sales and Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment/Costing > Revenue Account Determination > Define Access Sequence and Account Determination Types > Define account determination types

Account Determination Procedure

SAP defines Account determination Procedure as the place where you define the sequence in which the SAP system should read the account determination types. In simple terms Account determination procedure specifies a condition type that helps the system to trigger the GL account to which amount should be posted. It is assigned to billing document type to determine the GL Account. KOFI00 is the standard procedure available in the system. When a billing document is created, the account determination is done following KOFI00 procedure. Configuration of Account Determination Procedure: Path: IMG > Sales and Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment/Costing > Revenue Account Determination > Define and Assign Account Determination Procedure > Maintain account determination procedure

Assign Account Determination Procedure Account determination procedure created in the previous step is assigned to billing document types.

Account Keys
Is used to group similar accounts in FI also, helps in identifying different types of GL account. For example ERL account key, which is used to refer to revenue account. Account key is assigned in the pricing procedure to pricing conditions. There are number of standard account keys predefined in SAP, like ERL (Revenues), ERF (Freight),and ERS (Discounts). Configuration of Account Keys Path: IMG > Sales and Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment/Costing > Revenue Account Determination > Define and Assign Account Keys > Define Account Key

Assign Account Keys The account keys defined are assigned to condition types in pricing procedure.

Path: IMG > Sales and Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment/Costing > Revenue Account Determination > Define and Assign Account Keys > Assign Account Key

Actual process of Account Determination

Configuration

Configuration of GL accounts for revenue account determination This is where the GL account for each combination key is assigned, which enables GL accounts to be determined during revenue account determination. For every access sequence created we need to assign the GL account. Basically Account Determination happens with the field Account key ( the main integration point between SD and FI). Account Key is assigned to condition types in pricing procedure. Path: IMG > Sales and Distribution > Basic Functions > Account Assignment/Costing > Revenue Account Determination > Assign GL Account

It is possible to analyze how the GL account is determined from billing document once the billing document is saved. Go to Environment Account Determination Analysis-Revenue Accounts

In the above example 1. KOFI00 Account Determination Procedure determined from billing document type 2. ZATP Condition type determined from Pricing procedure which in turn is assigned in billing document. 3. 10 (KOFI), 20(KOFI) are the access sequence by which system tried to trigger the GL account.