A PAPER ON

Presented by
S.MAHALAKSHMI(mahatomail@gmail.com) J.ANISHTA(anishtaaj1994@gmail.com)

B.Tech-IT (2nd year) SASURIE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING VIJAYAMANGALAM

ABSTRACT THE EARLY DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF 4G TECHNOLOGY Soon everyone will have high speed internet on their cell phones. This will enable instant access to e-mail and will allow fast, high quality video downloads. Moreover, all of these features will be attainable at a cheaper cost than current internet service. Currently 2 Technology ! SM", or technology, is $rthogonal frequency division

multiple&ing !$./M". 0nli#e the 1 networ#s, which are a will be based

mi& of circuit switched and pac#et switched networ#s, % on pac#et switching only !TC,2*,". This will allow low-latency data transmission. 3lso we deal with the % 4s 5iMa& technology surviving in the broadband world of today .urthermore, the use of *, to transfer information will require *,v- to facilitate the use of more cell phone devices. /uring our presentation, we will give an overview of of the mobile various device generations

second generation

widely used worldwide for cell phone networ#s. The problem with 2 technology is that the data rates are limited. This ma#es it inefficient for data transfer applications such as video conferencing, music or video downloads. To increase the speed, various new technologies have been in development. $ne of these, % technology, is mainly made up of high-speed wireless networ#s designed to carry data, rather than voice or a mi&ture of the two. % transfers data to and from mobile devices at broadband speeds ' up to()) Mbps moving and ( bps while the phone is stationary. *n addition to high speeds, the technology is more robust against interference and tapping guaranteeing higher security. This innovative technology functions with the aid of +o*,, *,v-, and

technologies preceding % . 5e will focus on the differences between these technologies and the improvements and progress made throughout the years. This description will be followed by reasons for development of % . .urthermore, we will discuss the technical aspects of % and how it functions, as well as in cellular and the way it can lead to future innovations communication technology. 5e will conclude our presentation with some

future implications and the possible evolution of % technology.

INTRODUCTION TO 4G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY There is a great bu66 in the world of wireless communications. 7veryone is tal#ing about % . 5hat e&actly is % , and how will it impact us8 % is 9ust the short acronym for eneration technology for is the convergences that will be capable of providing ()) Megabits2s and ( igabits2s, respectively, in outdoor and indoor environments with end-toend quality of service and high security, offering any #ind of services anytime, anywhere, at affordable cost and one billing. Wireless S s!e" E#$l%!i$& Firs! 'e&er(!i$&= 3lmost all of the systems from this generation were analog systems where voice was 1 !third considered to be the main traffic. These systems could often be listened to by third parties. Some of the standards are >MT, 3M,S, ?icap, C/,/, Mobite& and /ataTac Se)$&* 'e&er(!i$&= 3ll the standards belonging to this generation are commercial centric and they are digital in form. 3round -)@ of the current mar#et is dominated by 7uropean standards. The second generation standards are SM, i/7>, /-3M,S, *S-A<, ,/C, CS/, ,?S, ,BS, ?SCS/, and 5i/7>.

.ourth

mobile communications. %

:ne&t; generation technology that will be used by cellular phone companies and internet service providers to deliver superior quality video and data apart from voice. *nterestingly, the

generation" technology is not yet operational in most countries. Many li#e *ndia for e&ample are using the 2.< technologies for mobile or cell phones. % will be a fully *,-based integrated achieved as well and as after the

system of systems and networ# of networ#s networ#s technology, convergence of wired and wireless computer, other consumer electronics, communication several

T+ir* 'e&er(!i$&= To meet the growing demands in the number of subscribers !increase in networ# capacity", rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 1 standards started evolving. The systems in this standard are basically a linear enhancement of 2 systems.

They are based on two parallel bac#bone infrastructures, one consisting of circuit switched nodes, and one of pac#et oriented nodes. The *T0 defines a specific set of air interface technologies as third generation, as part of the *MT-2))) initiative.

Currently, transition is happening from 2 to 1 systems. 3s a part of this transition, lots of technologies are being standardi6ed. .rom 2 to 1 = 2.C< - 7/ 7 and 7 ,BS, 1 C/M3 2))),5-C/M3 or 0MTS !1 SM", .$M3, (&7+-/$2*S-D<-, T/-SC/M3, 3>20M3. Similarly from 1 to % = 1.< - ?S/,3, ?S0,3, Super1 - ?S$,32ET7. F$%r!+ 'e&er(!i$&= 3ccording to the % wor#ing groups, the infrastructure and the terminals of % will have almost all the standards from 2 to % implemented. 7ven though the legacy systems are in place to be adopted in % for the e&isting legacy users, going forward the infrastructure will however only be pac#et based, all-*,. 3lso, some proposals suggest having an open platform where the new innovations

and evolutions can fit. The technologies which are being called as % though not officially are as follows= 5iMa&, 5iFro, 1 ,, Eong Term 7volution and 1 ,,2 0ltra Mobile Froadband. TECHNICAL DEFINITION OF 4G The approaching % !fourth

generation" mobile communication systems are pro9ected to solve stillremaining problems of 1 !third generation" systems and to provide a wide variety of new services, from high-quality voice to high-definition video to high-data-rate wireless channels. The term % is used broadly to include several types of broadband wireless access communication systems, not only cellular telephone systems. $ne of the terms used to

describe % is M3 *CGMobile multimedia, anytime anywhere, lobal mobility support, *ntegrated wireless solution, and Customi6ed personal service. 3s a promise for the future, % systems, that is, cellular broadband wireless access systems have been attracting much interest in the mobile communication arena. The % systems not only will support the ne&t generation of mobile service, but also will support the fi&ed wireless networ#s. This paper presents an overall vision of the % features,

framewor#, and integration of mobile communication. The features of % systems might be summari6ed with one word integration. The % systems are about seamlessly integrating terminals, networ#s, and applications to satisfy increasing user demands. The continuous e&pansion of mobile communication and wireless networ#s shows evidence of e&ceptional growth in the areas of mobile subscriber, wireless networ# access, mobile services, and applications.

T(,le -. S+$r! His!$r $/ M$,ile Tele0+$&e Te)+&$l$'ies Te)+&$l$' /esign Fegan *mplementation Service -G (AC) (AD% 3nalog voice, synchronous data to A.- #bps 1G (AD) (AA( /igital voice, short messages 1.2G (AD< (AAA ?igher capacity, pac#eti6ed data 3G (AA) 2))2 ?igher capacity, broadband data up to 2 Mbps 4G 2))) 2)()8 ?igher capacity, completely *,oriented, multimedia, data to hundreds of megabits Single standard

Standards

3M,S, T3CS, >MT, etc. (.A #bps ./M3

T/M3, C/M3, SM, ,/C (%.% #bps T/M3, C/M3

,BS, 7/ 7, (&BTT 1D% #bps T/M3, C/M3

5C/M3, C/M32))) 2 Mbps C/M3

/ata Fandwidth Multiple&ing

2)) Mbps C/M38

,ST> Core >etwor#

,ST>

,ST>, pac#et networ#

*nternet ,ac#et networ#

Le'e&*= (&BTT H 2.< C/M3 data service up to 1D% #bps 3M,S H advanced mobile phone service C/M3 H code division multiple access 7/ 7 H enhanced data for global evolution ./M3 H frequency division multiple access ,BS H general pac#et radio syste SM H global system for mobile >MT H >ordic mobile telephone ,/C H personal digital cellular ,ST> H pubic switched telephone T3CS H total access communications T/M3 H time division multiple 4G MOBILE COMMUNICATION so on, are the #eys of the % infrastructures. This new generation of wireless is intended to complement and replace the 1 years. systems, perhaps in < to () 3ccessing information The future % infrastructures will consist of a set of various networ#s using *, !*nternet protocol" as a common protocol so that users are in control because they

anywhere, anytime, with a seamless connection to a wide range of information receiving a and large services, volume and of

will

be

able

to

choose

every

information, data, pictures, video, and

application and environment. Fased

on the developing trends of mobile communication, % will have broader bandwidth, higher data rate, and smoother and quic#er handoff and will focus on ensuring seamless service across a

multitude of wireless systems and networ#s. The #ey concept is integrating the % capabilities with

all of the e&isting mobile technologies through advanced technologies.

3pplication adaptability and being highly dynamic are the main features of % services of interest to users. These features mean services can be delivered and be available to the personal preference of different users and support the usersI traffic, air interfaces, radio environment, and quality of service. Connection with the networ# applications can be transferred into various forms and levels correctly and efficiently. The dominant methods of access to this pool of information will be the mobile telephone, seamlessly ,/3, and laptop the to access voice

communication, information entertainment broadcast

high-speed services, and services.

.igure ( illustrates elements and techniques to support the adaptability of the % domain. The fourth generation will encompass all systems from various networ#s, public to privateJ operator-driven broadband networ#s to personal areasJ and ad hoc networ#s. The % systems will interoperate with 2 and 1 systems, as well as with digital systems will be fully *,!broadband" broadcasting systems. *n addition, % based wireless *nternet.

This

all-encompassing

integrated

!personal area networ#", all with *, as the integrating mechanism. 5ith % , a range of new services and models will be available. These services and models need to be further e&amined for their interface with the design of % elements and the systems. seamless .igures 2 and 1 demonstrate the #ey connectivity of the networ#s.

perspective shows the broad range of systems that the fourth generation intends to integrate, from satellite broadband to high altitude platform to cellular 1 and 1 systems to 5EE !wireless local loop" and .53 !fi&ed wireless access" to 5E3> !wireless local area networ#" and ,3>

PRE44G WIRELESS STANDARDS 3ccording to a +isant Strategies study there will be multiple competitors in this space, and gave the following pro9ections=
(.

2.

.lash-$./M - (1 million subscribers in 2)() !only Mobile" 1 ,, Eong Term 7volution of 0MTS in 1 ,, - valued at 0SL2 billion in 2)() !M1)@ of the world population" 0MF in 1 ,,2 *777 D)2.2)

1.

5iM3K - C.2 million units by 2)() !May include fi&ed and mobile"

%. <.

WiMA5

THE

NEW

4G

will allow cell phone users to download data at broadband speeds. 0se their cell phones 9ust li#e an efficient and fast computer.

TECHNOLOGY

5iM3K !5orld *nteroperability for Microwave 3ccess, *nc.", is being touted as the prime % technology. *t The main advantages of 5*M3K are

The high speed of broadband service

technology aimed at providing

wireless data over long distances in a variety of ways, from point-to-point lin#s to full mobile cellular type access. *t is based on the *777 D)2.(standard, which is also called 5irelessM3>. 5iM3K allows a user, for e&ample, to browse the *nternet on a laptop computer without physically connecting the laptop to a wall 9ac#. The name WiMAX was created by the 5iM3K .orum, which was formed in Nune 2))( to promote conformance and interoperability of the standard. The forum describes 5iM3K as Oa standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and /SE.O 3 depicted representation of the 5iMa& %

5ireless rather than wired access, so it would be a lot less e&pensive than cable or /SE and much easier to e&tend to suburban and rural areas switching

Froad coverage li#e the cell phone networ# instead of small 5i.i hotspots.

Thus the chief technologies used in 1 and % would be 5i-.i and 5*M3K. % is poised to ta#e the world of mobile communications by storm. INTRODUCTION TO WiMA5

WiMA5, Interoperability A))ess, is a

the for

Worldwide Microwave

technology is presented.

telecommunications

versions from several manufacturers. Self USE IN BROADBAND ACCESS Many companies are closely e&amining 5iM3K for Olast mileO connectivity at high data rates. This could result in lower pricing for both home and business customers as competition lowers price. *n areas without pre-e&isting physical cable or telephone networ#s, 5iM3K will, it appears, be a viable alternative for broadband access that has been economically unavailable. ,rior to 5iMa&, many operators have been using proprietary fi&ed wireless technologies for broadband services. 5iM3K subscriber units are install indoor units are convenient, but the subscriber must be significantly closer to the 5iM3K base station than with professionally installed units. 3s such, indoor installed units require a much higher infrastructure investment as well as operational cost !site lease, bac#haul, maintenance" due to the high number of base stations required to cover a given area. *ndoor units are comparable in si6e to a cable modem or /SE modem. $utdoor units allow for the subscriber to be much further away from the 5iM3K base station, but usually require professional installation. $utdoor units are roughly the si6e of a te&tboo#, and their installation is comparable to a residential satellite dish.

available in both indoor and outdoor

MOBILE APPLICATIONS Some cellular companies are

*n to

line serve

with as a

these high

possible bandwidth

applications is the technologyIs ability evaluating 5iM3K as a means of increasing bandwidth for a variety of data-intensive applicationsJ indeed, Sprint >e&tel has announced in mid2))- that it will be investing about 0SL 1 billion in a 5iM3K technology build out over the ne&t few years. Obac#haulO for *nternet or cellular phone traffic from remote areas bac# to an internet bac#bone. 3lthough the cost-effectiveness of 5iM3K in a remote application will be higher, it is not limited to such applications, and may be an answer to reducing the cost of T(27( bac#haul as well. iven the

limited wired infrastructure in some developing countries, the costs to install a 5iM3K station in con9unction with an e&isting cellular tower or even as a solitary hub are li#ely to be small in comparison to developing a wired solution. 3reas of low population density and flat terrain are particularly suited to 5iM3K and its range. .or countries that have s#ipped wired infrastructure as a result of inhibitive costs and unsympathetic geography, 5iM3K can in enhance an wireless

interference. 5i-.i is short range !appro&imately ()Is of metres" has 57, or 5,, encryption and suffers from interference as in metropolitan areas where there are many users. 5i-.i ?otspots are typically bac#hauled over 3/SE in most coffee shops therefore 5i-.i access is typically highly contended and has poor upload speeds between the router and the internet. *t provides connectivity

infrastructure decentrali6ed,

ine&pensive,

deployment-friendly

between networ# endpoints without the need for direct line of sight in favorable circumstances. The non-line-

and effective manner. WIMA5 Vs WI4FI

The

5iM3K

specification symmetrical over many

of-sight propagation !>E$S" performance requires the .(-d or .(-e revisions, since the lower frequencies are needed. *t relies upon somewhat multi-path in the signals,

provides bandwidth

#ilometers and range with stronger encryption !T/7S or 37S" and typically less are

manner of D)2.((n. not simultaneously true. *n

LIMITATIONS 3 commonly held misconception is that 5iM3K will deliver C) Mbit2s, over C) miles !((2.- #ilometers". 7ach of these is true individually, given ideal circumstances, but they

practice this means that in Eine of sight environments you could deliver symmetrical speeds of ()Mbps at ()Pm but in 0rban 7nvironments it is more li#ely that 1)@ of installations may be >on Eine of sight

and therefore 0sers may only receive ()Mbps over 2Pm. 5iM3K has some similarities to /SE in this respect, where one can either have high bandwidth or long reach, but not both simultaneously. The other

the capacity requirements as you sign more customers and additional radio cards can be added on the same sector to increase the capacity. MERITS AND IMPACTS OF 4G TECHNOLOGY More affordable

feature to consider with 5iM3K is that available bandwidth is shared between users in a given radio sector, so if there are many active users in a single sector, each will get reduced bandwidth. ?owever, unli#e S/SE where contention is very noticeable at a <=( ratio if you are sharing your connection with a large media firm for e&ample 5iMa& does not have this problem. Typically each cell has a ())Mbps bac#haul so there is is no contention here. $n the radio side in practice many users will have a range of

communication services. $ne device can communicate with all vs. many devices communicating devices. T+, internet, phone, radio, home environment sensors all reachable through one device and the cell phone4s Streaming video transfers. *nter>et 3ccessing techniques through broadband and activated mobile access. *ncrease in social networ#ing, invasion of privacy, security concerns *ncrease in regulation li#ely !i.e. no driving and using a cell phone" ,BS with some

2,%,-,D or ()Mbps services and the bandwidth can be shared. *f the networ# becomes busy the business model is more li#e SM or 0MTS than /SE in that it is easy to predict

CONCLUSION

3s

the

history

of

mobile attempts

communications

shows,

have been made to reduce a number of technologies to a single global standard. ,ro9ected % systems offer

users and the wireless infrastructure. The 5iMa& technology thereby developed as a pre-release of the fourth generation technology paved a successful depicted. !personal path The and fourth computing vision would be rendered for its enhancement as generation and that promises to fulfill the goal of ,CC communication"Ga

this promise of a standard that can be embraced worldwide through its #ey concept wireless support resources of integration. will *, .uture need to networ#s diverse among

multimedia users. efficient

applications to allow sharing of multiple an There must be a low comple&ity of implementation and means of negotiation between the end

affordably provides high data rates everywhere over a wireless networ#.