DBMM 1

DBMM Phil Barker.
As of January 11th 2007
DE BELLIS MAGISTRORUM MILITUM DBMM is a radical develop ent of DBM! retainin" the ain structures and procedures and uch of the #asic data. $he ost a%or difference is in si ulatin" co and and control ore realistically and in particular e phasi&in" the '(in(')s plan. *t is fro this last aspect that it "ets its title! +hich translates as ,-or the .ars of the Masters of /oldiers0. $he ne+ co and syste re1uires re"ular '(in('s to have a plan. *t also allo+s cunnin" strata"e s taken fro the co pilations of ancient authors! and caters for the e2ceptional "enerals of anti1uity in a +ay that can only #e e2ploited ade1uately #y players +ith a "ood sense of ti in". *t eli inates ti e consu in" P*P tradin". $roop definitions have #een ad%usted. $errain choosin" has #een chan"ed to "ive ore variety and less predicta#ility. Deploy ent is 1uicker and less stereotyped! and ,ed"e of the +orld0 effects have #een reduced. 'o #at places ore stress on sei&in" tactical initiative and less on arran"in" advanta"eous atch ups. 'avalry actions on the +in"s have #een speeded up so that a +in" co and can "ain a decision in ti e to intervene in the centre. 'onversely! it is no+ possi#le for superior infantry to #reak throu"h in the centre instead of slo""in" on unre+arded. $he a#ility of li"ht troops to hold up an advance +ithout fi"htin" is re oved. 3o+ever! a cur#in" of rear support "ives issile(usin" cavalry and skir ishers a s all chance previously lackin" of occasionally destroyin" an ele ent of heavy foot. $he orale stiffenin" value of cro+ds of ini al 1uality troops in the rear has #een "reatly reduced. Micro( easure ent has #een reduced and "eo etrical constraints eased. A revised scorin" syste "ives credit for narro+ defeats and finer "radation in co petitions. 4edundancies have #een re oved! procedures and +ordin" si plified and layout i proved. $here are so e unfa iliar rule echanis s that +ork #etter than DBM once you are used to the . $he process continues and su#stantive chan"es since the previous draft are in italics. 4ather than confine testin" to a li ited "roup! DBMM has #een availa#le #oth on y +e# pa"e +++.phil( #arker.p+p.#lueyonder.co.uk and on the DBMMlist5yahoo"roups.co discussion "roup for play testin"! su""estions and co ents. $he "roup currently has ore than 600 e #ers! +ho over 7 years have "enerated over 87!000 essa"es includin" several hundred "a e reports and or"ani&ed several +eekend co petitions. .hen pu#lished in /prin" 2007! DBMM +ill #e the ost thorou"hly tested rule set ever. 4eports of test "a es are still +elco e. Battles #et+een historical opponents are especially useful for testin" assu ptions 9since the historical result is availa#le for co parison:! #ut co petition(type "a es are also valua#le to e2a ine the use that can #e ade of the terrain and co and syste s #y players fa iliar +ith the . DBM lists can #e used! #ut +ith odifications specified in the Appendices . Be +arned that so e chan"es in tactics fro "reater a""ression. those of DBM are necessary! in particular deeper for ations and
'opyri"ht Phil Barker 2008! 200;! 200< CONTENTS $he intention is that only one section need #e used at a ti e! so for instance! once deploy ent is co plete! only ,-i"htin" the Battle0 need #e referred to. D=/*>? P3*@A/AP3B Pa"e 2 4=P4=/=?$A$*A?A@ /'A@=/ 7 $4AAP D=-*?*$*A?/ 8 A4>A?*/*?> BAC4 A4MB 12 'AMMA?D A?D 'A?$4A@ 18 /=$$*?> CP A BA$$@= 16 -*>3$*?> $3= BA$$@= 2< DBMM 100D120 A?D 200D280 88 APP=?D*E * ( B4*@@*A?$ >=?=4A@/ 8; ** ( *?=4$ >=?=4A@/ 8< *** ($=44A*? '3A?>=/ -A4 DBM A4MB @*/$/ 87 F ($4AAP '3A?>=/ -A4 DBM A4MB @*/$/ 86
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DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007
DESIGN PHILOSOPHY $his follo+s the "eneral principles used in other rule sets of the DB series! #ut +ith i prove ents intended to increase historical realis ! speed play and "enerally ove the e phasis fro icro( ana"e ent of ele ents to plannin" and tactics. $he co and syste is si ple and ar#itraryG #ut ore realistic than anachronistic syste s involvin" +ritten orders! trans ission #y essen"er and interpretation #y recipients! +hich cannot #e %ustified fro the history of +arfare in this period. *t instead assu es that a re"ular '(in(' allocates roles to specific co ands in accordance +ith an initial plan! +hich they continue to atte pt to i ple ent unless he risks confusion #y chan"in" his initial orders or is in the i ediate vicinity to te porarily override the . *t also si ulates the rare historical "enerals of erratic #rilliance or e2ceptional incapacity and allo+s a variety of the cunnin" tricks included #y ancient authors in #ooks of collected strata"e s. *t su#stitutes visi#le #attle lines for the ,fire+orks displays0 of individual units in pre(DB rules! +hile speedin" play #y eli inatin" the dice s+appin"! indecision and horse tradin" of DBM. $he ne+ Morale =1uivalent syste reco"ni&es that asses of poor 1uality troops in the ar y)s rear did not "reatly #olster the orale of "ood troops fi"htin" in front! #ut a reserve of top 1uality troops i"ht. -unctional division into units is dispensed +ith. Move ent and co #at is #y ele ents! each consistin" of fi"ures per anently fi2ed to a rectan"ular #ase. An ele ent does not represent a unit! #ut the s allest su#(unit or #ody capa#le of operatin" independently. Cnits ay still e2ist in that several re"ular ele ents ay have the sa e dress or shield e #le and one of the include a standard and officers! #ut they have no function other than as a convenient "roup of ele ents. =le ents al+ays fi"ht individually! #ut are supported #y nei"h#ors. $roops are pri arily classified #y their ethod of fi"htin" instead of #y ar s and ar our. -iner "radin" +ithin each type reflects perceived efficiency rather than unit presti"e or title. $he pri ary concern has #een to reflect relationships #et+een historically opposed types! and not to speculate unduly on the relative effectiveness of anachronistic opponents. 4eal #attles +ere in pulses! each side)s initiatives #ein" follo+ed #y the other)s responses and initiatives. $his is si ulated #y splittin" play into alternate #ounds. $his allo+s distinctions #et+een an ele ent)s o+n #ound! in +hich it oves into co #at and its i petus ay i prove its chance of instantly s ashin" throu"h! and the ene y #ound in +hich rear support ay increase its a#ility to resist. $roops contacted in an ene y #ound ay #e assu ed to have counterchar"ed. .hether they did so in "ood ti e ust #e %ud"ed #y the co #at)s result. $actical oves are the a""re"ate of ove ent durin" the appro2i ately 10 inutes represented #y a #ound. $his ay have #een inter ittent! at different speeds or even in opposite directions. Cnlike arch oves! they are not #ased on ti e ultiplied #y a fi2ed speed! #ut on typical oves in real #attles. $he traditional separation of co #at into shooting and melee has no place in ancient +arfare! +here individuals co prisin" an ele ent can #e either thro+in" or fi"htin" +hile rear rank co rades shoot over the . 'o #at is instead either distant or lose. Distant co #at can #e initiated only #y troops +ho historically shot in ass at lon" ran"e. 'lose co #at is +hen the #ases of opposed ele ents are in contact. $his does not ean they are at hand strokes! thou"h they ay #e! #ut that they are en"a"ed at the distance preferred #y the do inant troop type. $he 8 ranks of en represented #y an ele ent of spear en occupy only 8 paces of its 70 paces depth and the leadin" en of an opposed ele ent of skir ishers ay #e 70 paces #ack fro its front ed"e. $here is plenty of roo for shootin" fro #eyond spear reach. $oo uch attention has #een paid in the past to a2i u rather than nor al ran"es. A horse archer could shoot at a spear for ation fro 200 paces! #ut +ould not! since the results +ould not %ustify the e2penditure of arro+s. 3e closed to 70 paces or less! +here he +as still safe and his accuracy and penetration a2i i&ed. 'o #at is not evaluated in ter s of casualties received and inflicted. A real "eneral +ould not kno+ these until after the #attle. 3e could ho+ever see +hether a #ody +as forcin" the ene y #ack! "ivin" "round or scatterin" to the rear hysterical +ith fear! and this is the infor ation the rules provide. $he local effects of fati"ue and orale are taken into account in co #at results and their effects on ele ents to the rear and side. $here +ill #e a pro"ressive loss of order as the #attle pro"resses unless efforts are ade to re edy this.
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REPRESENTATIONAL SCALES !IGURE AND MODEL SCALE $his is e2pressed as the hei"ht in illi etres of a fi"ure representin" an 1.67 etres or < feet tall. ?aval ele ents use odels of reduced scale. $his can #e rationalised as #ein" seen at a distance #y en on shore. 2; ! 1; ! 10 !< and 2 fi"ure scales are all fully co pati#le +ith these rulesH "#mm is the oldest scale and offers ost opportunity for detailed paintin". *t fell out of favour! #ut has #een revived #y ne+ anufacturers) fi"ure ran"es! thou"h so e of these are in fact 26 or 70 . =specially suita#le for pu#lic de onstration "a es! +here visi#ility can #e a pro#le for spectators. $#mm is the ost popular scale and is still lar"e enou"h for detailed paintin" and for players to easily reco"nise the types co prisin" their opponent)s ar y. %mm and "mm provide the ulti ate in visual realis ! #ut reduce the opportunity for artistic detail. GROUND SCALE $his is the relationship #et+een distances on the ta#le and those on a real #attlefield. Distances in the te2t are in paces 9p:! each of 0.7; etres or 2.; feet. $his is #ecause the len"th of a an)s stride has re ained constant throu"hout history! +hile such units as cu#its! yards and etres co e and "o. 2!000 paces is 1 4o an ile. Distances specified in the rules are ultiples of troop ele ent +idths 9ie.<0 for "#mm! 80 if $#mm! $&mm or %mm! 70 for "mm: each representin" 60p. Most players no+ easure +ith a selection of rods cut to len"th! not +ith a card strip or etal tape. A rectan"le 60p 2 80p +ith a handle is handy for easurin" "aps. TROOP REPRESENTATION AND DEPICTION =ach ele ent represents! not a unit! #ut the s allest su#(unit or #ody capa#le of independent action. *t consists of a rectan"ular #ase! to +hich are fi2ed several fi"ures accordin" to its troop type and the odel scale. =le ents vary in cost! and represent the nu #er of en +ho +ould occupy that fronta"e! typically a no inal stren"th of 126(200 riders or 200(2;< foot 9varyin" +ith the ar y:! either 7(; deep if close for ed or in a loose s+ar if detached skir ishersG or a lesser nu #er of ore specialised troops usually in a sin"le rank! such as up to 1< elephants! 2; scythed or ;0 other chariots to"ether +ith any runners andDor escortin" horse en! 2(< heavy artillery pieces! 70 li"ht #olt(shooters! 2; +ar +a"ons! 2 to ; "alleys or ships or 6 to 20 #oats. An ele ent of 3ordes represents up to 1!000 en in a deep ass. ?ote that the first elephant ele ent of an ar y can represent as fe+ as 8 elephants! reflectin" the disproportionate effect of even a fe+ on en or horses unused to the . -i"ures ust accurately depict the troops they represent. $he only e2ception to this is that "enerals! officers! standard #earers and usicians represent the a%ority type co prisin" their ele ent. TIME SCALE Play is in alternate #ounds. $hese do not represent fi2ed ar#itrary divisions of ti e! #ut instead reflect initiatives and responses #y the t+o sides. 3o+ever! dividin" kno+n #attle durations #y the nu #er of discrete phases that can #e identified produces consistent enou"h results for us to define a pair of #ounds as e1uivalent to 20 inutes in real life. =2cept in the case of arch ove ent out of contact and routs 9+hich are assu ed to #e continuous and to have #een durin" the precedin" ene y #ound as +ell as your o+n current #ound:! ove distances are not a function of ti e availa#le and theoretical speeds! #ut are #ased on typical oves in real #attles. PLAYING AREA $he ideal playin" area is 1.6 9720: 2 1.2 9860:. *f this is used for 2; "a es! ar ies should not e2ceed 800AP! all di ensions specified in paces 9p: in Te''ain Choosing are reduced to 2D7 nor al 9i.e. use 1; scale terrain features: and distances 1uoted in Initial de(lo)ment are halved. Alternatively! 2; "a es can use a standard ta#le tennis ta#le of 2.7 91060: 2 1.; 9<00: +ithout these chan"es and ar ies up to ;00 AP. DICE All dice used are the nor al 1 to < spot type 9nu #ered dice often cannot #e read #y opponents:. Ane dice is used for each "eneral! +ith no su#stitution or selection durin" the "a e to arouse suspicion of alpractice. Dice for irre"ular! ally or du y "enerals ust each #e a different colour. Dice for other re"ular "enerals of the sa e ar y ust all #e the sa e colour. $he use of a dice cup at least 2 dice +idths in dia eter 9such as a plastic edicine cup: prevents cocked or lost dice and "ives ore rando scores.
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TROOP DE!INITIONS $roops are defined #y #attlefield #ehaviour instead of #y the for ation! ar our! +eapon and orale classes usual in earlier rule sets. .e distin"uish only #et+een troops +hose fi"htin" style differed sufficiently to need to #e treated differently #y either their "eneral or their foe. =ach troop type therefore includes all troops that fou"ht in the sa e +ay! had a "enerally si ilar ethos and orale and had an e1uivalent effect on the other classes. =ach type is identified #y a na e descriptive of its function. Mo*nted troop types are =lephants! =2penda#les! Ini"hts! 'avalry! @i"ht 3orse or 'a elry. !oot troop types are /pears! Pikes! Blades! .ar#and! Bo+ en! /hot! Au2ilia! Psiloi or 3ordes. T'ain troop types are Artillery! .ar .a"ons or Ba""a"e. Na+al troop types are >alleys! /hips or Boats. @i"ht 3orse! Au2ilia and Psiloi are referred to collectively as Light T'oo(s. $roops +ithin each type are additionally "raded for efficiency relative to the avera"e for that type! takin" into account lesser differences in orale! de"ree of trainin"! e1uip ent or o#ility! #ut not in presti"e alone. $his is necessarily su#%ective! #ut follo+s thorou"h discussion! often +ith reco"nised authorities on individual ar ies. S*(e'io' ,S-. O'dina') ,O-. !ast ,!-. In/e'io' ,I-. E0 e(tion ,1-. $roops reco"ni&ed #y conte poraries as si"nificantly superior in orale or efficiency. 4epresentin" the ost co on or ost typical troops of that type. $roops +ho ove faster and further than avera"e #ut are usually +orse protected. Brittle troops historically identifia#le as of si"nificantly inferior orale or efficiency. $roops treated as special cases.
All are also either Reg*la' or I''eg*la'. $his so e+hat ar#itrary distinction chiefly reflects the ease +ith +hich they can #e controlled #y their "eneral. 4e"ulars are typically enlisted into units under officers appointed #y the "overn ent and practised in anoeuvre and co #at techni1ues. *rre"ulars typically %oin +ith ac1uaintances under local or tri#al leaders! and are less accusto ed to +aitin" for! listenin" to! or precisely and instantly o#eyin" for al orders. 3o+ever! those kept to"ether for lon" periods as ercenaries or ruled +ith a rod of iron #y a charis atic tyrant +ith no rivals 9such as Attila! $i u%in or $i ur: can #e up"raded to re"ular. /o e ounted or foot ele ents include a >eneral! +ho can #e the Commande'2in2Chie/ ,C2in2C-! a S*3o'dinate Gene'al or an All) Gene'al. A fe+ are rated as B'illiant or Ine't! and ost can use St'atagems. ELEPHANTS4 of either anciently(do esticated species and various cre+ co ple ents. $hey are used to char"e solid footG to #reak throu"h "ate+ays! and to #lock ounted troops! +hose fri"htened horses are reluctant to close +ith the . $hey can ost easily #e killed #y artillery or #y the continued sho+ers of issiles of li"ht troops. $hey suffer a +eather disadvanta"e in close co #at in a 'old cli ate in +inter. $hey are all irre"ular! #ut so e can #e specified in their ar y list as the ount of a re"ular "eneral. S*(e'io' ,S-. Asian elephants +ith at least < cre+ andDor foot escort fi"ures per odel! such as escorted /eleucid elephants or heavily archer(cre+ed Bur ese. O'dina') ,O-. Asian elephants +ith up to 8 fi"htin" cre+! such as those of *ndian ar ies and /assanid Persia. In/e'io' ,I-. / aller African forest elephants +ith a2i u fi"htin" cre+ of 2! such as those used #y Ptole aic ="ypt! 'artha"e! ?u idia and 4o e. E0 e(tion ,1-. Bolt(shootin" en"ines ounted on elephants! such as those of the Ih er and 'ha . $hey shoot and inflict shootin" outco es as if Artillery ,!-! #ut suffer shootin" outco es as if =lephants ,I-. $hey are treated as =lephants ,I- in all other circu stances. Apponents use their '- a"ainst ounted troops if in close co #at! that a"ainst train if not. E1PENDABLES4 includin" scythed chariots fitted +ith scythe #lades and spear points! usually +ith 8 horses and a sin"le cre+ an! intended to #e driven into ene y for ations in a sin"le suicidal char"e early in the #attle to #reak up or destroy the G and also all ani als to #e sta peded into ene y! such as cattle! #uffalo or ca el herds or +ild elephants. $hey are ost dan"erous to troops offerin" a solid tar"et that cannot dod"e easily! so are often countered #y Psiloi. Most scythed chariots are re"ular! #ut all other =2penda#les irre"ular. All =2penda#les are Ardinary ,O-5
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6NIGHTS4 representin" all those no#le or heavy horse en of hi"h orale that char"e at first instance +ithout shootin"! +ith the intention of #reakin" throu"h and destroyin" ene y #y sheer +ei"ht and i petus. $he i petuous char"e that ena#les the to s+eep a+ay lesser cavalry and all #ut the stoutest foot is also their Achilles) heel! leadin" to dan"erously rash pursuit. $hey can #e re"ular or irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. -rench kni"hts 11;0(17;0 AD! and other elite =uropeans such as 4oyal or Ducal household "endar es! Military Arders or the ost po+erful no#les! in full plate andDor ail! ar ed +ith heavy lances! ridin" +ith stirrups on heavy horses often protected #y ar our or te2tile caparisons! acco panied #y lesser ar oured and ar ed retainers such as coustilliers! s1uires! archers or pa"es! and char"in" fiercely at the "allop +ithout re"ard to for ation. Cnscythed chariots +ith 8 horses and 8 or ore cre+ includin" spear en! such as later Assyrian or *ndian. O'dina') ,O-. Ather kni"hts! "entry or en(at(ar s! +ith si ilar follo+ers and si ilarly e1uipped! ounted and trained! char"in" at the "allop! #ut less i petuous and less skilled in individual %oustin". Cnscythed char"in" chariots +ith 2 horses and 7 or 8 cre+! at least one +ith lon" +eapon! such as 3ittite or /han" chariots and so e Minoan or early Mycenaean "enerals) chariots! or 7 or 8 horses and 7 cre+! at least one +ith lon" +eapon! such as early Assyrian or 'hinese chariots. !ast ,!-. @ess heavily ar oured riders on li"hter horses char"in" fiercely at the "allop! and ar ed +ith lance #ut no shield such as Macedonian or /eleucid co panions or /ar atians! +ith %avelins or li"ht spears capa#le of #ein" thro+n and shields such as >oths! Fandals or pre(con1uest ?or ans! +ith lance and shield such as later ?or ans +ith ar our li ited to hel et and ail hau#erk! or +ith fire lance such as so e 'hinese cavalry. Cn(scythed char"in" chariots +ith 2 horses! driver and 1 fi"htin" an +ith spear! such as Minoan or early Mycenaean chariots. In/e'io' ,I-. Cnskilled +ith lance and relyin" ainly on s+ord or ace! such as so e >er ansG or usually fi"htin" dis ounted! such as 100 Bears .ar =n"lishG or for in" the rear ele ent of a deep 9dou#le(#ased: +ed"e for ation and includin" a proportion of ounted archers or cross#o+ en! such as By&antine kli#anophoroi or edieval >er ans. Javelin cavalry on ar oured horses. /u erian four(+heeled #attle(cars +ith 8 e1uids! ar ed driver and 1 runner +ith %avelins. *ndian #ullock carts anned #y archers to su#stitute for heavy chariots. E0 e(tion ,1-. 'o pletely ar oured cataphracts in close for ation on fully ar oured horses! either +ieldin" lon" kontos t+o(handed! shield(less and often carryin" #o+s! such as elite Parthian or /assanid +arriorsG or relyin" on heavy ace and shields! such as By&antine kli#anophoroi. $hey are treated as Ini"hts ,S- +hen shot at #y Bo+s or naval! or in close combat against Cavalry! @i"ht 3orse! /pears! Pikes or Bo+s! as Ini"hts ,I- if in close combat against =lephants! =2penda#les! Ini"hts e2cept ,1-4 Blades or .ar#and! other+ise as Ini"hts ,O-. CA7ALRY4 representin" the a%ority of ancient horse en! usually at least partially ar oured! co #inin" or follo+in" close co #at shootin" +ith controlled char"es. Bein" less i petuous! cavalry can retire out of dan"er or to #reathe their horses +hen kni"hts +ould char"e on to disaster. $hey can #e re"ular or irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. .ell(ar oured and often on partially protected horses! for ed in solid #odies and fi"htin" pri arily +ith #o+. $hey can each #e additionally ar ed +ith a lance! such as Avars or Belisarius) #oukellarioiG or #e depicted +ith lance and in a re"ular for ation co #inin" ranks ar ed +ith lance and shield and other ranks +ith #o+! Joften dou#le(#ased +ith 'avalry ,O-K! such as Maurikian or ta" atic By&antine cavalryG or they ay often lack lances #ut #e trained in defensive halted ,sho+er shootin"0! such as the /assanids descri#ed in 4o an sources and Ma luksG or they ay have hand"un instead of #o+. /kir ishin" chariots +ith +ell(ar oured driver and archer! and 2 horses! also often ar oured! such as ="yptian or 'anaanite. O'dina') ,O-. More fle2i#le and ridin" unprotected horses. Ar ed +ith %avelins and shield and concentratin" their issiles +ith circulatin" for ations! such as the a%ority of ancient cavalryG or +ith #o+ and spear! such as early Achae enid cavalryG or +ith #o+ and s+ord! such as ost Belisarian By&antine and edieval Persian cavalryG or akin" partial char"es +ith lance! such as ar oured Ara# or the #etter By&antine the atic horse enG or +ith hal#erd or cross#o+. /kir ishin" chariots +ith 2 to 8 unar oured horses or other e1uids! and cre+ co prisin" driver and one or ore unar oured archers! such as =la ite chariots! or ar oured or unar oured %avelin en! such as British chariots. In/e'io' ,I-. Poorly trained or ine2perienced such as early classical >reek cavalry! early *ndian cavalry! so e By&antine the atic troops and Fikin"s or /a2ons atte ptin" inco petently to fi"ht ounted. /u erian platfor or straddle cars +ith a sin"le %avelin(ar ed cre+ an.
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LIGHT HORSE4 includin" all especially s+ift riders +ho scout or usually fi"ht in a loose s+ar +ith issiles rather than in for ation. $hey can #e re"ular! #ut ost are irre"ulars! often no ads "ainin" e2tra o#ility fro ultiple re ounts! *f livin" in a 'old cli ate! these are #est attacked in early sprin" #efore the ne+ "rass has "ro+n! +hen they ay #e at a +eather disadvanta"e! #ut in +inter their ponies can so e+hat surprisin"ly di" up old "rass turned to naturally cured hay fro #eneath deep sno+. A nuisance in s all nu #ers! they #eco e a enace in dense s+ar s! especially to foot that ust endure +ithout effective reply. S*(e'io' ,S-. Pri arily ar ed +ith #o+ #ut ready to char"e ho e #ehind a stor of arro+s +ith s+ord! %avelin or lasso 9and if irre"ular e2ceptionally a""ressive and persistent in close co #at:! such as 3uns! Alans or $urko ansG or ar ed +ith lance and +illin" to char"e #ut pri arily tasked +ith scoutin"! such as Macedonian Prodro oi O'dina') ,O-. /kir ishin" +ith %avelins! such as =arly $hessalians! ?u idians! @ate 4o an =1uites *llyriciani or edieval /panish >enitors! or skir ishin" +ith lance! such as Ara#s. Mostly e ployed to han" around and pester heavier troops! they +ere forced to close +ith #o+(ar ed e1uivalents! their opponents) sensi#le desire to open the ran"e often then turnin" to fli"ht. !ast ,!-. -i"htin" in a thick s+ar of s all parties closin" in succession at the "allop for short ran"e shootin" passes +ith #o+s and then usin" their speed to avoid contact! such as Parthians. In/e'io' ,I-. Dispersed scouts ridin" e1uids! ca els or deer. 3orse en skir ishin" +ith cross#o+s. CAMELRY4 includin" all others +ho fi"ht fro ca els. $hey are all irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. =2ceptionally heavily ar oured or e2ceptionally feared and fanatical ca el riders fi"htin" e2clusively hand(to(hand! such as Parthian 3rd century A.D. cataphract ca elry or $uare"s. O'dina') ,O-. 'a el riders of nations that used the as the poor an)s su#stitute for a horse or for raidin"! the riders fi"htin" ounted or dis ountin" to fi"ht +ith #o+s such as Midianites! or +ith %avelins or s+ords such as ost Bedouin. Also ca eleers i provised #y ountin" troops on pack ca els such as those used #y 'yrus a"ainst the @ydians. E0 e(tion ,1-. 'a els dis"uised as elephants to fri"hten ani als! and also 'hinese paper lionsG usually as an Cnusual $roops strata"e . $hey ove as if Ba""a"e ,I- e2cept they can contact ounted. $hey fi"ht as =lephants ,I- a"ainst ounted and as Ba""a"e ,I- a"ainst other troops! e2cept that they panic and destroy =lephants. SPEARS4 representin" all foot that fi"ht in a se i(ri"id line thrustin" one(handed +ith spears over a continuous +all of lar"e shields. ,S- are al+ays re"ular! unless dis ounted kni"hts. Athers can #e re"ular or irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. Cnusually +ell trained and confident elite re"ular spear en such as /partan hoplites! 3anni#al)s veteran Africans or the Faran"ian "uard if e1uipped as spear en. O'dina') ,O-. 4e"ulars drilled to fi"ht and perfor si ple anoeuvres in close for ation such as ercenary hoplites or other Punic African footG and also irre"ulars +hose a""ression and de ocratic leanin"s tend to su# er"e their trainin" such as "ood citi&en hoplites. In/e'io' ,I-. 4eluctant or sketchily drilled spear en! includin" re"ulars such as citi&en hoplites dra"ooned into reluctant o#edience #y a do estic or forei"n tyrant! or of effete cities! edieval to+n ilitia! or deter ined irre"ular peasants practised only in keepin" line such as /a2on fyrd. PI6ES! representin" all foot that advance ine2ora#ly strai"ht ahead in ordered ranks and files +ith a dense level ro+ of pikes or lon" spears held in #oth hands pro%ectin" ahead to #ear do+n opposition. ,S- and ,O- e2cept dis ounted kni"hts are al+ays re"ular! +hile others can #e re"ular or irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. =2ceptionally effective elite pike en such as ar"yraspids or /+iss. O'dina') ,O-. Ather pike en drilled to fi"ht effectively in close for ation +ith true pikes such as other 3ellenistic phalan"ites and >er an landsknechts. !ast ,!-. -oot ar ed +ith lon" thrustin" spears and fi"htin" in dense for ations in "ood terrain! #ut partly or entirely lackin" effective shields and a#le to sca per 1uickly over hills! such as ?orth .elsh spear en or late 1;th century Japanese ashi"aru. In/e'io' ,I-. Peasant or ilitia troops +ith lon" spears or pikes "rasped in #oth hands such as -le in"s or lo+land /cots! or drilled pike en lo+ in e2pertise or orale or hurriedly raised. E0 e(tion ,1-. As ,I-! #ut +ith at least the front rank carryin" lar"e pavises! such as /u erian! Minoan or early Mycenaean spear en. $hey are treated as Pikes ,S- +hen fi"htin" 'avalry! Bo+s or li"ht troops! other+ise as Pikes ,I-.
7
BLADES! representin" all foot pri arily skilled in fencin" individually +ith s+ords! a2es or other #laded +eapons! #ut ovin" their feet to dod"e or strike #ut aintainin" an appro2i ate relative position +ith their fello+s! so eti es supple entin" this +ith hand(hurled issiles or #o+s. $hey typically fi"ht in a series of pulses of heavy attrition to the leadin" ed"e of the opposin" for ation! as dense volleys of issiles are hurled or heavy cuttin" +eapons +ielded in a furious #urst of ener"y! interspersed +ith co parative lulls of careful fencin" #efore fresh fi"hters relieve the . $hey can #e re"ular or irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. =uropean kni"hts or en(at(ar s co pletely ar oured in plate or ail +ho have dis ounted to fi"ht on foot such as =n"lish en(at(ar s of the 100 Bears .ar or .ars of the 4oses. Also the #est(trained veteran Marian or =arly * perial 4o an le"ionaries! An"lo(Danish royal huscarles! or .ars of the 4oses retinue #ill en stiffened #y dis ounted en(at(ar s. O'dina') ,O-. Partially ar oured +ell(trained close for ation troops! +ith hand(hurled issiles as +ell as s+ord and shield such as other le"ionariesG or +ith t+o(handed cuttin" or cut(and(thrust +eapons such as later sa urai! hal#erdiers or =n"lish retinue #ill en. Also "ladiators or dis ounted early sa urai. !ast ,!-. @ooser for ation troops! such as Bron&e A"e infantry depicted runnin" +ith sickle(s+ord or si ilar and %avelins! 'elti#erian scutarii! Dacian fal2( en! 4o an lanciarii! Fikin" raiders! so e early sa urai or +arrior onks! A&tec suit(+earers or /panish s+ord(and(#uckler en. In/e'io' ,I-. -oot "enerally e1uipped like 9A:! #ut less thorou"hly trained! such as ne+ly recruited or i itation le"ionaries! 'eltic e2(+ar#and ercenaries i perfectly trained to o#ey orders! Ara# s+ords en! Fikin" hird or =n"lish co ission of array #ill en. E0 e(tion ,1-. Men +ith +eapons unusually dan"erous to heavily ar oured kni"hts! such as Aurelian)s 9dou#tful: Palestinian clu# en! *ndian clu# en! By&antine enavlatoi! @o+ 'ountries plancon(+ielders or /+iss hal#erdiers. $reated as Blades 9-:! #ut destroy Ini"hts scorin" less. 8ARBAND4 includin" all irre"ular foot that relies on an i petuous and ferocious collective char"e to s+eep a+ay +hole ene y for ations! rather than on individual skill. $hey are all irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. -i"htin" densely packed #y for+ard pressure! and havin" a stron" #elief! often shared #y their conte poraries! in their o+n invinci#ility! such as early >alatians or 'hieftain)s #ody"uards. O'dina') ,O-. Athers e phasi&in" utual cohesion! #ut used to ovin" in +oods or arsh! such as >er ans and ost >auls! also dis ounted irre"ular cavalry. !ast ,!-. -i"htin" in loose for ation and e phasi&in" speed in the char"e! such as >aesati! Britons! Dacians! >al+e"ians or A&tec cuachics. Also +ar do"s! e2cept these do not "ive rear support. BO8S4 representin" foot +ho fi"ht in for ed #odies #y shootin" collectively +ith issiles shot at lon"er ran"e than psiloi! often in volleys at co and! and +ho rely on dense shootin"! hand(to(hand +eapons! personally prepared o#stacles or acco panyin" pavise #earers for survival at close 1uarters instead of skir ishin" or evasion! or +ho are packed too ti"htly to skir ish effectively. $hey can #e re"ular or irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. =2ceptionally effective shooters +ith po+erful #o+s and hi"h skill! a#le to outshoot opponents and +ith sufficiently hi"h orale to fi"ht indefinitely hand(to(hand +ith s+ord and #uckler! spear or lon" s+ord! aul or clu# such as =n"lish lon"#o+ en! Atto an %anissaries or $upi. O'dina') ,O-. /hooters +ith lesser #o+s or skill or +ith cross#o+s! a#le to aintain a prolon"ed shootin" e2chan"e and fi"ht for a short ti e hand(to(hand! #y virtue of ar our! spears! shields! pavises! side ar s or hi"h discipline or orale! such as so e ="yptians! Pal yrans and 4o ans! and also civic or ercenary cross#o+ co panies. In/e'io' ,I-. /hooters lackin" the protection or discipline to #e a#le to prolon" a losin" e2chan"e and un+illin" to fi"ht hand(to(hand! such as =la ites! /eleucid levy archers! >oths! -rancs archers! and all #o+ en +ho +ould #e Psiloi ,O- +ere they not too nu erous to skir ish. E0 e(tion ,1-. -oot in a for ation +ith front ranks ar ed +ith pike or +ith spear and a lar"e shield or pavise! #ut ost +ith #o+ or cross#o+! and tactically e phasi&in" shootin" rather than close co #at! such as Achae enid Persian spara#ara! Ale2ander)s e2peri ental phalan2! 10 th century By&antine infantry! *talian civic infantry or Bur"undian pike(and(lon"#o+ infantry. $hey can #e dou#le(#ased +ith an ele ent of Bo+s ,O- or ,S- #ehind the ! or on a sin"le #ase alternatin" pike or spear(ar ed +ith shootin" fi"ures. $hey fi"ht in distant co #at as Bo+s ,S+hen ene y Bo+s or naval shoot or shoot #ack at the and score ore! or if they are dou#le( #ased +ith Bo+s ,S-! other+ise as Bo+s ,O-5 $hey fi"ht frontally as and have the outco es in close co #at of /pears ,O- if re"ular and of /pears ,I- if irre"ular5 *f dou#le(#ased +ith Bo+s! these provide rear support. $hey are other+ise ineli"i#le for rear support.
6
SHOT4 includin" all hand("unners that fi"ht in ranks! such as Min" 'hinese. *naccurate and unrelia#le! their #ullets could penetrate even heavy ar our and the novelty! unprecedented noise and s oke could fri"hten en as +ell as ani als. $hey are al+ays re"ular and ,I-. AU1ILIA4 representin" foot +illin" to fi"ht hand(to(hand! #ut e phasi&in" o#ility or fi"htin" in difficult terrain or a"ainst =lephants or =2penda#les rather than cohesion or a""ression. $hey can #e re"ular or irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. -oot a#le #ecause of their trainin"! +eapons! ar our or shields to fi"ht in close for ation +hen necessary such as 3ellenistic thureophoroi! *#erian scutati! 4o an au2ilia! *llyrians or $hracians. Also Ara# 'on1uest or /affarid elephant(killers. O'dina') ,O-. @ess +ell otivated and trained re"ulars such as @ate 4o an #order au2iliarii. *rre"ulars relyin" only on %avelins or short spear and li"ht shield such as ost ountain tri#es en. In/e'io' ,I-. Ather troops +ith %avelins! #ut +ho are shield(less! lack confidence or +ould #e Psiloi 9*: if not too nu erous to skir ish. -ollo+ers of early sa urai cavalry +ith a i2ture of na"inata! #ear cla+ poles! spears and +eak #o+s. PSILOI4 includin" all dispersed skir ishers on foot shootin" individually +ith %avelin! slin"! staff slin"! #o+! cross#o+ or hand "un! +ho fi"ht in a loose s+ar han"in" around ene y foot! runnin" a+ay +hen char"ed. $hey are useful to delay or even da a"e unsupported heavy infantry! screen these a"ainst ene y psiloi! occupy difficult terrain or disrupt attacks and cover escalades +ith overhead shootin"! #ut cannot survive unsupported in the open a"ainst cavalry. $hey are a#le to defeat elephants and scythed chariots #y harassin" the +ith issiles! usin" their a"ility to dod"e the and avoid contact. $hey can #e re"ular or irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. .ell(re"arded skilled specialists ar ed +ith %avelins and s all shield such as /panish caetrati! 4o an velites or >reek peltasts! or +ith hand"un! potentially dan"erous unless countered. O'dina') ,O-. Ar ed +ith #o+! slin"! cross#o+ or staff slin"! useful to support other foot 9often fro #ehind:! or to counter horse archers. In/e'io' ,I-. Boun"! poor or other+ise ar"inal co #atants told(off to ake the selves useful +ith hand( hurled issiles! usually to pester and possi#ly delay closer for ed ene y foot. E0 e(tion ,1-. Ar ed +ith incendiaries! corrosives or #iolo"icals such as >reek -ire siphons! hand(hurled naphtha #o #s! 'hinese fire lances! 1uickli e or hornets) nests. $hey are treated in all circu stances as Psiloi ,I-! e2cept that they su#stitute Artillery distant co #at factors and effect +hen in close co #at to their front a"ainst any #ut Au2ilia or Psiloi. HORDES4 includin" all un+illin" or inco petent foot! #rou"ht to s+ell nu #ers andDor perfor enial services! or attracted #y desperation! reli"ious or political fanaticis or "reed! and too ti"htly huddled! scared! stupid or indoctrinated to run a+ay. $hey are al+ays irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. * petuous ar ed o#s! such as 'rusader pil"ri s! -rench peasant %ac1uerie! plancon(+ieldin" >er an heer#an or /cottish ri#aulds. O'dina') (O): Peasants! un+illin" levies or ca p servants issued +ith cheap +eapons! #ut +ith little confidence in their a#ility to use these and no stake in the #attle e2cept personal survival! such as Achae enid or /assanid levy infantry or By&antine soldiers) servants. !ast ,!-. Cnor"ani&ed enthusiastic ra##le relyin" on nu #ers! a #ush fro difficult terrain andDor street fi"htin" skills! such as li"ht(footed ountain peasant freedo (fi"hters! By&antine racin" factions or Ale2andrian rioters. In/e'io' ,I-. Cnar ed civilians driven ahead +ith +hips #y invaders such as Mon"ols. ARTILLERY4 +hether "unpo+der! torsion! tension! counter+ei"ht or po+ered #y en pullin" ropes. *t is al+ays re"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. $orsion! counter+ei"ht or lar"e rope(pull stone(thro+ers. Bo #ards or heavy cannon. O'dina') ,O-. Bolt(shootin" tension or torsion en"ines. @ate 1;th century field "uns on +heeled ountin"s. 're+(served rocket launchers. !ast ,!-. Bolt(shootin" en"ines ounted on fast li"ht ule(dra+n carts! #ut not those on +a"ons. In/e'io' ,I-. / all rope(pull or "unpo+der artillery includin" or"an "unsDri#aude1uins. Man(held rockets. E0 e(tion ,1-. Ane(ti e use self(propelled ani al pro%ectiles such as fla in" pi"s and 'hinese thunder(#o # o2en! usually used as an Cnusual $roops strata"e $hese are treated as if rockets e2cept that they cannot #e used across +ater or ene y fortifications or fro #ehind other troops! are oved into contact +ith their tar"et +hen fired and destroyed #y the co #at! and use =2penda#les co #at factors! co #at outco es and orale e1uivalents 9M=:.
L
8AR 8AGONS4 includin" all slo+ +heeled vehicles intended to #e fou"ht fro and to ove on the #attlefield! #ut not ordinary transport +a"ons or carts utilised to laa"er ca ps. $hey can #e re"ular or irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. @ar"e +heeled to+ers anned #y #o+ en and either pulled #y o2en or anhandled! such as those attri#uted to the Achae enid Persians #y Eenophon in the 'yropaedia or used in sie"es. O'dina') (O): Mantleted +a"ons filled +ith en shootin" fro #ehind cover +ith #o+! cross#o+! hand"un or very li"ht artillery! such as those of the 3ussites! Poles! 3un"arians or >ulai >orod. In/e'io' ,I-. * provised fro transport +a"ons! such as those of i"ratin" /ea Peoples. E0 e(tion ,1-. 4epu#lican 4o an anti(elephant carts and si ilar #lade(studded an(pushed +a"ons. $hese are availa#le only as an Cnusual $roops strata"e . $hey are treated as if (O)! e2cept they cannot shoot! can contact ene y! are not destroyed #y elephants! #ut are destroyed #y Psiloi. BAGGAGE4 representin" the ar y)s lo"istic support! includin" all personnel! supplies and e1uip ent that increase the physical or ental +elfare of troops or "enerals. *ts function is to increase stayin" po+er 9since ill( fed or dispirited troops rarely fi"ht +ell:. =ach "eneral has 0(2 ele ents. An ally)s ust! and other "eneral)s can! re ain +ith hi as 'o and Ba""a"e. All other #a""a"e is held in co on as Ar y Ba""a"e. =ach non( allied co and not havin" co and #a""a"e shares the effects of Army Baggage and it deploys in 1 of them. S*(e'io' ,S-. @itter carryin" a "eneral or inspirational sacred o#%ect 9such as an *nca "eneral or the Ark of the 'ovenant: or a standard +a"on! 9such as the Iha&ar royal +a"on! that of /t. Peter and /t. 'uth#ert at ?orthallerton! or an *talian 'ity /tate carroccio:! each "uarded #y picked foot. O'dina') ,O-. /tatic! such as tented ca ps or draft ani als tethered in the centre of a +a"on la"er. *t can include sutlers! soldiers) +ives! dra#s! slatterns or do2ies! sacrificial altars and officiatin" priests! #odies of prayin" onks! a porta#le inaret and ue&&in! or even a travelin" sera"lio. Cnlike other Ba""a"e! it can start e #arked on /hips ,I-! #ut cannot ove e2cept to dise #ark. *t is partly prepared for defence and can #e protected #y $-. *t can #e on ultiple ele ent #ases. Per anent #uildin"s or onu ents are ore properly included in BCA. !ast ,!-. Ba""a"e loaded on ules! horses! ca els! elephants! yaks! reindeer! lla as or si ilar fast( ovin" pack ani als! and herds of cattle! spare horses! ponies or ca els. In/e'io' ,I-. Ba""a"e loaded ready to ove in +a"ons or carts or #y porters or donkeys! and flocks of sheep andDor "oats! or other ani als that are difficult to hurry. *t is difficult to defend. GALLEYS4 includin" all s+ift ro+in" vessels intended to ra or use fire pro%ectors. $hey are al+ays re"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. @ar"e "alleys suited to reinforce or #reak a #attle line! +ith e2ceptionally po+erful arine contin"ents and torsion or "unpo+der artillery or fire siphons! such as hepteres! dekares! later By&antine dro ons or pamphyllia! or the heaviest(ar ed late edieval "alleys. O'dina') (O): / aller "alleys still +ith lar"e arine contin"ents! resistant to ra in" and lar"e enou"h for the line of #attle! such as 1uin1uire esDpenteres! tetrares! or lar"e edieval "alleys lackin" po+erful #o+ cannon. !ast ,!-. -ast li"htly #uilt "alleys +ith s all arine contin"ents #acked #y li"htly ar ed ro+ers! such as trire esDtrieres! trihe ioli! early dro ons! early galea and corsair "alliots. In/e'io' ,I-. Markedly s aller and sli"htly slo+er "alleys! such as penteconters or 4o an li#urnians. Exception (X): Oared horse transport, such as Byzantine chelandion. Moves and fights as O!. SHIPS4 includin" all slo+! unhandy or pri arily sailin" vessels intended to carry car"o! and also "alleys converted to carry horses or as un anoeuvra#le sie"e to+ers for sie"es. $hey are al+ays irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. .ith stern and #o+ castles and lar"e nu #ers of troops e #arked! such as later co"s or uscieri. O'dina') (O): .ith lar"e nu #ers of troops e #arked! such as those of the Feneti and edieval navi or nefs. In/e'io' (I): =ither actin" as horse transports or transportin" a Ba""a"e ,O- element. E0 e(tion ,1-. -astened to"ether in pairs to carry sie"e to+ers. $hey are treated as /hips ,S- if shootin" or shot at or if in close co #at a"ainst fortifications! other+ise as /hips ,I-. BOATS4 includin" all pri arily ro+in" vessels +ithout ra s. ,!- and ,1- are re"ular! others irre"ular. S*(e'io' ,S-. @ar"e +ooden #oats +ith several en per oar and filled +ith +arriors such as Fikin" lon"ships. O'dina') (O): / aller un(decked +ooden #oats filled +ith +arriors such as triaconters or le #i. !ast ,!-. Dispatch #oats attached to "alley fleets to carry essa"es or for scoutin". In/e'io' ,I-. 3ide andDor +icker #oats filled +ith +arriors such as Pictish or *rish curra"hs. E0 e(tion ,1-. 'onverted ro+in" vessels +ith penthouse for torsion artillery. $reated as Artillery ,S- if shootin" or shot at! other+ise as Boats (I).
10
NA7AL LANDING FORCES =2cept for Boats ,!-! +hich have insufficient capacity! and /hips ,I- carryin" Ba""a"e! each naval ele ent al+ays carries one land ele ent of an appropriate type for its nation! as specified in our ar y lists. *ts cost is additional to that of the naval ele ent. @and ele ents can e #ark on or dise #ark fro H Boats in #o+ or >alleys or /hips in #o+ or stern ed"e contact +ith a #each or a BCA foreshore. Boats in ed"e contact +ith the #ank of a +ater+ay! river or lake. Any naval ele ent in ed"e contact +ith a 1uay! pier or %etty placed as part of a BCA. * pressed shippin" 9not represented #y odels: over a #each. "hips (I) can carry any land element. #alleys (X) can carry $nights, Cavalry, %ight &orse or foot, Other naval only carry foot. 'mpressed shipping can carry $nights, Cavalry, %ight &orse, foot, Artillery or Baggage O!, but cannot be used by the defender. Mounted elements can abandon their mounts and embar( as foot . An unladen naval ele ent cannot #e oved and does not recoil. *t has fe)er fi"htin" en! so has less a#ility to defend itself or shoot and is ore vulnera#le to shootin" due to its i o#ility and lack of en to e2tin"uish fires. *f! and only if! a naval ele ent)s #attlefield entry ed"e lacks +ater access! its e #arked troops deploy on land. E1CHANGING MOUNTED AND !OOT ELEMENTS Mounted troops ust dis ount to defend fortifications or e #ark. Ini"hts! 'avalry or @i"ht 3orse can al+ays dis ount at deploy ent or later if specified in our ar y lists as a#le to do so. =lephants! =2penda#les and 'a elry ,1- cannot dis ount. Ather ounted troops can dis ount only if in difficult "oin"! to e #ark! or if less than 9&&( fro ene y .ar .a"ons or ene y fortifications! or if a "eneral 9plus any troops dou#le(#ased +ith hi : +hose co and is no+ other+ise entirely dis ounted or foot. Dis ountin" #y individuals +hen lootin"! attackin" #eached vessels! or in ca el fi"htin" or a cavalry elee is covered #y ounted factors and outco es. Cnless specified other+ise #y our ar y lists! dis ountin" troops are replaced #yH *f ar ed +ith #o+! cross#o+ or hand"unH Ini"hts +ith #o+ if ,1- as Bo+s ,S-! other+ise as Bo+s ,O-5 'avalry if ,I- as Bo+s ,I-! if +ith hand"un as /hot ,I-! other+ise as Bo+s ,O-5 @i"ht 3orse +ith #o+ or cross#o+ or 'a elry +ith #o+ as Bo+s ,O- if a "eneral! ,I- if not. Ather+iseH Ini"hts ,S-! ,O- or ,I- in full ar our as Blades ,S-! other ,I- or ,!- as Blade ,O-! ,1- as /pears ,S-5 4e"ular 'avalry if ,S- or ,O- as Au2ilia ,S-! if ,I- as Au2ilia ,I-. *rre"ular 'avalry or 'a elry if ,S- as .ar#and ,S-! if ,O- as .ar#and ,O-! if ,I- as Au2ilia ,I-. @i"ht 3orse as Au2ilia ,O- if a "eneral! ,I- if not. Dis ounters e2chan"e 1 ounted ele ent for 1 foot ele ent! e2cept that a pair of dou#le(#ased ele ents dis ounts as 1 ele ent of the front type. =2cept at deploy ent ti e! or to spontaneously advance a"ainst #roken ene y! flee or rout! ountin" or dis ountin" e2pends an entire sin"le ele ent tactical or arch ove for each ele ent. *f it is to re ount! an appropriate cavalry(si&e #ase +ith ounts and holders ust #e provided to acco pany each dis ounted ele ent ad%acent to its rear! or that of the ounts of a dis ounted ele ent to its rear. $his does not chan"e a sin"le ele ent to a "roup. 4ear rank dis ounters close up to the front ele ent. *f so specified in their ar y list! foot can #e provided +ith ounts as Mounted *nfantry. $hey can #e deployed +ith or +ithout additional #ases +ith ounts and holders as a#ove. *f +ithout! they deploy as ounted #ut then act as ordinary foot. .hile they have their ounts! they deploy! arch! interpenetrate! flee and rout as 'a elry if on ca els! as 'avalry 9*: if not! #ut other+ise ove as foot. $hey al+ays count as foot +hen shootin"! shot at or in close co #at! and so do not need to dis ountDre ount. Duplicate ounted fi"ures are optional. Dis ounters) ounts are per anently re oved +henH $hey co e into any contact 9even corner: +ith ene y! or +ith friends +ho recoil or are pushed #ack. * ediately they have #een shot at. $heir o+ners have #een destroyed or spent. $heir o+ners ake a tactical ove e2cept to re ount! a spontaneous ove! an outco e ove on foot
11
or 9unless ounted infantry: a arch ove! or are in rou"h or difficult "oin" off(road. $hey pass throu"h or are passed throu"h #y any #ut psiloi. !ORTI!ICATIONS $hese can #e Tem(o'a') !o'ti/i ations :T!; defensi#le #y any foot or train! such as a palisade andDor ditch and #ank! +a"on laa"er! plashed +ood ed"e! or thorn #o a! or Pe'manent !o'ti/i ations :P!; defensi#le only #y foot or Artillery! such as a a%or earth+ork or stone or turf +all +ith +alk+ay! parapet and usually raised to+ers! co prisin" or part of a BCA. BCA ore than <&&( across ust have P-! and s aller BCA can #e left unfortified or have $- or P-. $hese ust co pletely fortify its peri eter! e2cept optionally +here it a#uts the #attlefield ed"e or a +ater feature! and include 1(7 on(ta#le fortified "ate+ays to +hich internal roads connect. A fortification notionally consists of <&( sections 9+hich are not ele ents:. =2cept for isolated to+ers! or $restin" flanks on 2 terrain features to #lock passa"e #et+een the ! fortifications ust #e continuous +ith no "aps. *f a BCA fortification intersects a #attlefield ed"e! the off(#attlefield part does not cost AP. $o+ers ust #e at least $%&( apart and can #e occupied #y only 1 ele ent. $heir e2ternal di ensions ust #e a little lar"er than <&( due to parapet thickness or so eti es non(rectan"ular to+er shape. Artillery in a P- that are to shoot out J+hich cannot #e ,!-K ust #e deployed in and re ain in a to+er 5 Anly e2terior faces of a to+er can #e assaulted fro outside and cost AP. $o+er occupants can also #e attacked fro any entrances at +all +alk or "round level. 'orner pieces of no internal fronta"e used instead of corner to+ers are not paid for and cannot #e assaulted! crossed or shot over. $he internal an"le enclosed #y a fortification corner ust #e L0(270M. $roops can enter fortifications only unopposed at a "ate+ay! or #y assault. $roops that assault a "ate+ay pursue throu"h it. -oot can only leave a per anent fortification! and ounted or train any fortification! #y a "ate+ay. All tactical or arch ove ent on to! upon or off P- is #y sin"le ele ent oves. $hese are not easured and al+ays e2pend only 1 P*P. A full tactical or arch ove is used to ove #et+een any ofH An ad%acent section of +all +alk. Another +all +alk section +hich is either ad%acent or i ediately #eyond an ad%acent to+er. $he top of a to+er. $he interior face at "round level of a +all or the "round level entrance of a to+er. An ele ent already on a P- +all +alk can ove side+ays! treatin" the flank ed"e in the direction oved as its front ed"e and the other as its rear ed"e. An ene y flank ed"e it contacts is treated as a flank ed"e if also fi"htin" to its front a"ainst escaladers or stair cli #ers! as a rear ed"e if its other flank is countin" as its front ed"e! other+ise as a front ed"e. Mutual flank ed"e co #at is not ,across a P- parapet0. An ele ent so contacted on #oth its flank ed"es is treated as contacted to #oth front 9no inated #y the side +hose #ound it is: and rear. $- ust #e in the ar y)s o+n deploy ent area unless part of a BCA. $- paid for at reduced cost for BCA cannot #e used for ca ps and vice versa. $- paid for at full cost can #e used for BCA! ca ps or else+here. A $- section that has #een crossed #y ene y is re oved and the space vacated treated as difficult "oin". OBSTACLES /o e ar y lists per it strata"e s involvin" artificial o#stacles. $hese can #eH Po'ta3le O3sta les :PO; include the stakes of =n"lish lon"#o+ en! chains used to protect $urkish artillery or fasten .ar .a"ons to"ether! and ca els tethered in front of Moorish foot. $hey are placed i ediately in front of the o+nin" ele ent and re1uire P*Ps to set up 9replacin" a ove:. $hey can #e taken up once +ithout P*Ps and later set(up a"ain else+here. $hey cause a tactical factor disadvanta"e in close co #at to ost ene y ounted. =ne y attackin" the o+ners ust have sufficient ove to reach the ! or else end the ove %ust short of the PA +ithout co #at. $he PA odel cannot #e ore than 80p deep. $hey cannot #e placed in an ene y $N. $hey are per anently re oved if friendly troops other than Psiloi cross the ! or if their o+ners recoil fro close co #at! flee! rout or are destroyed! or if ene y cross the unopposed. Any pursuit #y attackers is easured fro the o+ners) front ed"e. $hey are taken up +hen their o+ners ove. !i0ed O3sta les :!O; include ditches or ultiple s all pits to disorder char"in" ene y! anti(chariot stakes or
12
caltrops used #y Marian 4o an le"ionaries! felled trees! ditches! stakes or #arricades to #lock a road! and stakes! chain or a #oo to #lock a river. $hey are prepared #efore the #attle starts as a 3idden A#stacle strata"e and are a 9&( deep strip of difficult "oin". ORGANISING YOUR ARMY ARMY SI=E Cnless the #attle is a ca pai"n or scenario "a e! each side consists of troop ele ents! fortifications! o#stacles and strata"e s up to an a"reed total of ar y points 9AP:! nor ally 700 to ;00 AP! #ut "a es +ith up to 1!000 AP and 6 players or as s all as 100 AP have #een played. $he acco panyin" ar y list #ooks specify ele ent types and nu #ers for all kno+n historical ar ies of the era. All entions of lists refer to these and not to a player)s Arder of Battle. AP spent on BCA fortifications are +asted if the invader or if BCA are not allo+ed. ELEMENT COST Basi ost in AP i/. =lephants Ini"hts 'avalry %ight &orse Camelry =2penda#les /pears Pikes Blades .ar#and Au2ilia Bo+s /hot. Psiloi Artillery .ar .a"ons 3ordes >alleys /hips Boats Ba""a"e ,S( 1; 10 7 ( ( 7 ; L ( ; < ( 7 10 18 ( < ( ( < ,O( 12 6 ; ( 6 ; 8 7 ( 8 ; ( 2 6 10 ( ; ( ( 7 Reg*la' (F) ( 11 ( * ( ( ( 8 , ( ( ( ( ( 10 ( ( 8 ( 2 7 I''eg*la' (F) (I) ( 18 L 6 ( ; 8 7 ( ( ( ( 7 ( 7 7 ; 8 7 ( ( 2 ( 7 ( ( ( 1 ( ( ( 8 1 O ( ( ( 2 ( 1 2 1
(I) ( 10 < 7 ( ( 8 7 ; ( 7 8 ; 1 8 ( ( 7 ( ( 2
,1( 17 ( ( ( ( ( 8 6 ( ( 7 ( < 8 7 ( < ( < (
,S20 12 L < + ( ( ( 7 ; 8 ; ( 7 ( 10 2 ( 8 7 7 I''eg*la' P1 (1 (1 P10 P; P2; ( 7; (2;
,O1< 10 7 8 < 7 8 ( ; 7 7 8 ( 2 ( 6 1 ( 7 2 2
,122 11 ( ( L ( ( 7 < ( ( ; ( < ( < ( ( < ( (
Ad>*stment /o' all g'ades i/. Reg*la' Mounted infantry. P1 4ear ele ent of dou#le #ase if re1uired #y ar y list. (2 *f Ini"hts or 'avalry on chariots. (1 '(in(')s or su#ordinate "eneral)s ele ent. P20 Ally "eneral)s ele ent. P10 =2tra if a Brilliant "eneral. P2; 4eduction if a '(in(' +ho is *nert. ( 7; 4eduction if an ally "eneral +ho is *nert. (2; =2tra for each strata"e listed in A4D=4 A- BA$$@=.
As specified under /$4A$A>=M/. 1 2 (1 2 P1 P2
!o'ti/i ation o' O3sta le Se tions. Porta#le o#stacle JPAK to cover the front of 1 ele ent. $e porary fortifications J$-K or fi2ed o#stacle J-AK to cover the front of 1 ele ent or 60p +ide. Ad%ust ent if $- part of a BCA or specified in ar y list as defendin" ca ps or #a""a"e. Per anent fortifications 9P-: to cover the front of 1 ele ent. Ad%ust ent if a raised P- to+er. Ad%ust ent if a "ate+ay.
17
?on(out+ard(facin" +alls of a to+er are free! so for e2a pleH A s1uare P- of four co er to+ers 98 2 <AP:! 1 "ate to+er 91 2 ;AP:! 7 interval to+ers 97 2 7AP: and 6 +all sections 96 2 2AP: costs ;8 AP.
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ELEMENT BASING An ele ent consists of several fi"ures fi2ed to a rectan"ular card #ase. ?aval ele ents often use reduced scale 9 ost often 1H1200:! +hich can #e a different scale to those of opponents. I/ /ig*'e s ale is. -ronta"e of all ele ent #ases Q De(th o/ element 3ase i/. .ar .a"ons! Ba""a"e ,S- or naval Q =lephants! =2penda#les! all 'hariots! Ini"hts in +ed"e unless dou#le(#ased! all Artillery! Ba""a"e e2cept ,S- Q Ather Ini"hts! 'avalry! @i"ht 3orse! 'a elry! 3ordes Q Pikes ,!-! Blades ,!-! .ar#and ,!-! Au2ilia! Bo+s! /hot! Psiloi Q /pears! other Pikes! other Blades! other .ar#and Q !ig*'es (e' element ,*nless ha'iots- i/. @i"ht 3orse 9includin" ,I- ounted on ca els:! Psiloi Q Ini"hts ,S-! ,O-4 ,I- or ,!-! 'avalry! 'a elry Q Pikes ,!-! Blades ,!-! .ar#and ,!-! irre"ular Au2ilia! irre"ular Bo+s Q Ini"hts ,1- @ /pears! other Pikes! other Blades! .ar#and 9/: or 9A:! re"ular Bo+s! /hot! re"ular Au2ilia Q 3ordes! cattle herds Q Models (e' element i/. =lephants! 'hariots! 'a elry ,1-! Artillery ,S- or ,!- Q Artillery ,O- or ,I- @ .ar .a"ons ,S- or ,I-! >alleys! /hips! Boats ,S- or ,!- Q Ather .ar .a"ons Q Ather Boats or Artillery ,1- Q =lephants ,S- add e2tra cre+ or 2 or "&2?&mm <0 120 <0 or 60 80 70 20 $#2%mm 80 60 80 70 20 1; "mm 70 <0 70 1; 10 10
odels of
"82?&mm 2 7 7 7(8 7(8 8(< 1 1 1 1 1(8
15-25mm $&mm %mm 2 2 8 7 8 11(12 7(8 8 8 ;(6 1 1(2 1 1 1(8 ;(6 ; 11(12 1;(1<
"mm 1 2 2 2 2 8 2 2 2 ; 7(8 odel.
10(12 1< 11(1; 1L(72 1 1(2 1 1 1(8 2 2 2 7 1(8
ore escort fi"ures and Artillery 2 or
ore cre+ fi"ures per
1; and lar"er fi"ures should #e in one ro+! those Ini"hts in +ed"e +ith the centre fi"ure further for+ard. *rre"ulars are #est if fi"ures of differin" type! pose andDor colour sche e placed ore rando ly. / aller fi"ures should "enerally #e in 2 e1ual level ro+s if re"ular! in a clu p +ith an odd nu #er of fi"ures if irre"ular. /o e deep for ations of Ini"hts! 'avalry or Bo+s ,1- are re1uired #y ar y lists to #e represented #y #asin" 2 ele ents on a sin"le 2 ele ent depth #ase and are allo+ed special rear support factors. $his is #ecause they inte"rate speciali&ed ranks of different troop types +hich cannot survive the loss of the front type. Dou#le(#ased Ini"hts! instead of 2 ro+s of 7 2; or 1; fi"ures! have 1 each of 2 and 8! or interleaved ro+s of 1! 2 and 7. 26(70 can have interleaved ro+s of 1 and 2! 10 interleaved ro+s of 2! 7 and 8! and < ro+s of 8! <! 6 and 10. Ather troops 9 ost co only .ar#and: can #e dou#le(#ased for convenience! or if Ba""a"e ultiply(#ased! #ut do not receive special factors and are replaced #y sin"le ele ents if 1 ele ent is destroyed. A dou#le ele ent counts as 2 ele ents! e2ceptH *t oves as if a sin"le ele ent +ith the a2i u per itted ove of its slo+er type. *t nor ally e2pends P*Ps as if a sin"le ele ent of +hichever type +ould e2pend the ost if alone. 3o+ever! if it oves #ack+ards 9i.e. any part of it crosses the ori"inal line of its rear ed"e:! it e2pends P*Ps as if 2 sin"le ele ents! unless #oth its ele ents are 'avalry or li"ht troops. *t contacts ene y or responds to ene y as if a sin"le ele ent. *t contacted in the rear! it fi"hts as the rear type. *t akes outco e oves as if a sin"le ele ent of the front type. A re1uired dou#le(ele ent is destroyed if either of its ele ents is destroyed. *t easures recoils! pursuits and the distance #ehind it at +hich friendly ele ents are destroyed fro the rear of the front ele ent! +hich is usually at half the depth of the dou#le(#ase.
1;
COMMAND AND CONTROL GENERALS An ar y is divided into 1(8 Commands! each of - or more elements, plus a General.s element )hich must be recognisable by his figure or standard. /rain can form an e0tra -112 element command )ithout a general. A co and is Reg*la' if its "eneral)s ele ent is re"ular or it is entirely re"ular train! and I''eg*la' if not. $here is one partial e2ception to this rule. An =lephant "eneral +ho +ould other+ise #e re"ular co ands as if and costs the sa e additional AP as if re"ular! #ut has irre"ular ele ent cost and ove ent. $he ar y)s senior "eneral is the Commande'2in2Chie/ ,C2in2C-. Junior "enerals are S*3o'dinate Gene'als if under the '(in(')s direct co and! #ut All) Gene'als if not. A "eneral of the '(in(')s o+n nation is usually a su#ordinate "eneral! #ut ay #e specified as an ally "eneral if of dou#tful loyalty or politically se i(detached or sharin" co and. A "eneral co andin" a contin"ent sent #y another nation is al+ays an ally "eneral. PLANNING PIP ALLOCATION Ane dice +ill #e thro+n each #ound per co and! the score of +hich is its Player *nitiative Points 9P*Ps:.
A re"ular '(in(')s for al co and structure allo+s hi to ake a plan and "ive his re"ular su#ordinate "enerals orders to i ple ent it. $his is si ulated #y recordin" at the end of initial deploy ent +hich of all his non(allied re"ular commands +ill al+ays #e allocated the hi"hest P*P score! +hich the ne2t hi"hest! and +hich the lo+est. 3e ay instead +ish to treat so e or all e1ually! since dull "enerals could often think of no #etter plan than to line up and advance. *f so! all or any command.s dice can #e specified to use the rounded do+n avera"e of their scores. $he allocation of a flank archin" or delayed co and takes effect +hen its "eneral arrives on the #attlefield. A re"ular C1in1C +ith only irre"ular su#ordinates can choose each #ound +hether to e2chan"e his score for that #ound +ith that of a subordinate less than 400p a)ay and closer than any other. Dice allocation can #e chan"ed durin" the #attle if the "enerals concerned are +ithin "4&&&( of the '(in('. *f so! the ne+ allocation takes effect in the side)s ne2t #ound! and in accordance +ith the principle ,order! counter( order! disorder0! confusion increases their P*P e2penditure in that #ound. An irre"ular '(in(' ay also have a plan #ut cannot rely on o#edience fro irre"ular su#ordinates! so each dices independently. *f an irre"ular '(in(' starts +ith a sin"le re"ular su#ordinate "eneral! his score is e2chan"ed +ith that of the '(in(' if the '(in(')s score is hi"her. *f an irre"ular '(in(' has ore than 1 re"ular su#ordinate "eneral! their dice are allocated as if a re"ular ar y and he keeps his o+n dice. Allied co ands and co ands +hose "eneral is lost or has not yet arrived fro a flank or delayed that are #roken! dice independently and are not currently included in allocation or avera"in". arch! or
UNRELIABLE ALLIES An ally "eneral is potentially *n'elia3le. 3is relia#ility +ill not #e esta#lished until his first P*P dice of the #attle or he arrives fro a flank arch 9An unrelia#le ally +ould not arriveR:. *f he is not flank archin"! and his 1st unad%usted P*P score is 1! he +ill not co it his co and until the end of a #ound in +hich eitherH =ne y +ere seen to #e closer than "9&( to! or shot at! any of his ele ents not concealed in a #ush. 8 ore ene y than friendly ele ents +ere lost or #eca e #roken. 3is P*P dice is ; or <! in the #ound follo+in" that in +hich the '(in(' e2pended 7 P*Ps to activate hi . $his si ulates delay +hile the situation #eco es apparent! the sendin" of threats concernin" the person of the "eneral or hosta"es or pro isin" #ri#es! te pori&in"! rene+ed appeals and so forth. Cntil his relia#ility has #een esta#lished or his co and co ittedH 9a: 3is troops cannot shoot! ake a spontaneous advance! or ove closer than <&&( to any kno+n ene y. 9#: *f any of his side)s co ands +ere #roken last #ound and no ene y co and is #roken! eitherH *f either he is irre"ular and of a different nation! or the t+o ar ies are of the sa e nation! e2isted at the sa e period and fou"ht each other in a civil +ar durin" that period! then his co and 9includin" #a""a"e: +ill chan"e sides and #eco e a co itted ene y co and. *f neither of these t+o! all ele ents of the co and #eco e per anently disheartened.
1<
BRILLIANT OR INERT GENERALS A fe+ "enerals are additionally defined in their ar y list as B'illiant. $his is not a %ud" ent on their overall a#ility 9 any uch #etter "enerals do not 1ualify:! #ut #ecause they historically proved capa#le in a ca pai"n or #attle of a #rilliant une2pected rapid anoeuvre that thre+ the ene y off(#alance. $hey +ere often also difficult su#ordinates to their seniors! unsettlin" to their o+n su#ordinates or the victi of political %ealousy and took dan"erous personal risks. $hey can #e the '(in('! a su#ordinate or an ally "eneral. $hey are allo+ed 2 #rilliant strokes durin" the #attle! #ut only 1 in a #ound. A #rilliant stroke can #e used to specify a strata"e other+ise not availa#le! to increase P*Ps! to chan"e orders! or to "ain an advanta"e +hen ovin" into close co #at. Be +arned that only "ood players have the necessary situational a+areness and sense of ti in" to #enefit and even then e1ually co petent opponents ay deny the opportunities. A #rilliant '(in(' cannot avera"e his o+n co and)s P*Ps or chan"e orders e2cept +ith a #rilliant stroke +hich he is assu ed to have planned in advance and prepared for 9his ori"inal plan is either a #rilliant success or a "lorious failure:. /o e other '(in(' or ally "enerals 9inertia in su#ordinates is rarely tolerated: are defined as Ine't. $his is #ecause they consistently handicapped their troops #y lethar"y! indecision! ti idity! over(confident ne"lect of ele entary precautions! failure to take fir control of su#ordinates! innate incapacity! %ealousy or e2tre e pi"( headedness. $hey have a ne"ative AP value! #ut the AP total of their o+n co and ust #e positive. STRATAGEMS /trata"e s are cunnin" tricks used #y "enerals to "ive their ar y an advanta"e. $hose per itted are taken fro those listed #y Polyaenus and -rontinus or included in other ancient anuals and historical accounts. Any '(in( ' can specify and pay for up to ; of the strata"e s #elo+ in his Arder of Battle and choose up to 2 of these at sta"e 1 of deploy ent in each #attle. An *nert '(in(' can use only !eigned !light! Po'ta3le O3sta les! Dela)ing Battle and Un*s*al T'oo(s 9#ut only +ith /cythed chariots: strata"e s. /o e strata"e s can #e specified only #y Brilliant "enerals or if included in ar y lists. /trata"e s can #eH S o*ting /killed scouts are sent to detect hidden troops #y such si"ns as flocks of #irds risin" fro any concealed o#stacles. +oods and discover
$he '(in(' allocates a s all nu #er of 'avalry! @i"ht 3orse or Psiloi ele ents of his o+n co and to scout. $hese ele ents are not deployed +ith the rest of the co and! #ut each dices at sta"e 7 of deploy ent. All ene y ele ents used in Am3*sh! Un*s*al T'oo(s or Con ealed Command strata"e s or -A used in Hidden O3sta le strata"e s ust #e i ediately deployed or an ar y enca ped at ni"ht start P*P dicin" if any scoutin" ele ent scores ; or <! #ut only the furthest for+ard a #ushin" ele ent #e deployed if the scoutin" ele ent scores 8. =ach scoutin" ele ent scorin" 1 9or 2 if the ene y has deployed ore scouts: is destroyed. /couts that are not destroyed are spent if Psiloi! other+ise deployed +ithin <&( of their '(in('. Disg*ised T'oo(s or E0agge'ating A'm) SiAe strata"e s and flank arches are not detected. 'ost ;AP. !eigned !light $roops 9or >alleys: pretend to flee fro the ene y to te pt the into a rash pursuit! often into an a #ush.
$he '(in(' e2pends 7 P*Ps or a #rilliant stroke at the end of his #ound to tri""er an i ediate flee outco e ove #y all ele ents of a co and 9e2cept a #ushers: closer than <&&( to ene y. ?e2t #ound! all ene y less than 9&&( fro ele ents fei"nin" fli"ht ust ake a spontaneous advance unless halted or train. Cp to 2 ore fei"ned fli"hts can #e ade later for 2 P*Ps each #y the sa e or different co ands. 'ost ;AP. G*ides An invadin" '(in(' searches for and finds a peasant +ho tells hi of a route for a colu n! unkno+n to the defender! +hich can #e used to pass an inconvenient terrain featureG such as a path over difficult hills or throu"h arshes or +oods! or an un arked ford 9$here are no historical instances of this #ein" done #y defenders:. $he invader arks the position of the path or ford on a ap at sta"e 1 of deploy ent and passa"e counts as if alon" a road! e2cept that the leadin" ele ent dices +hen half+ay across the feature. A score of 1 indicates that the peasant is treacherous or has "ot lost! and the terrain then reverts to its nor al state! e2cept that all oves ade +hile crossin" it that #ound e2pend an e2tra 1 P*P. 'ost 10AP.
17
Changing De(lo)ment A '(in(' can e2chan"e the positions of t+o of his co sche e of deploy ent.
ands after the ene y has #eco e used to his ha#itual
$his can #e done only #y a Brilliant '(in(' as a #rilliant strokeG and then only if deploy ent finishes #et+een sunrise and $&&&! and there is no ist! fo"! sno+ or sandstor . $he 2 co ands are deployed in each other)s rectan"les and e2chan"ed in sta"e ; of deploy ent 9+ithout chan"in" the relative position of each co and)s ele ents e2cept optionally reversin" their order fro left to ri"ht:. All oves durin" those co ands 1 st #ound e2pend an e2tra P*P 9friction due to unfa iliarity +ith the deploy ent:. 'ost ;AP. E0agge'ating A'm) SiAe Dust created #y to+in" #rush #ehind cavalry or ovin" cattle! or e2tra tru pet calls! standards! tents or ca p fires! or shallo+ for ations are used to "ive the i pression that the ar y is stron"er than it is. 1 or 2 e2tra ranks 9or part ranks: of ele ents are added directly #ehind 1 "roup of real ele ents of the sa e types and ust ove as part of that "roup. $hese are all re oved i ediately any of the #eco e visi#le to ene y up to 9&&( a+ay. *f real ele ents are placed in such a position that the ene y incorrectly assu es the to #e fake! this si ulates the contrary ploy of usin" less standards! tents! tru pet calls or fires than nor al to "ive the i pression that the ar y is s aller than it is. 'ost ;AP. !alse Rein/o' ements 'a p servants or si ilar non(co #atants +ith fake standards appear on a hill #ehind the ar y and convince the ene y that it has #een reinforced. $his can #e used only #y ar ies +ith Ba""a"e ,O- and +hose list specifies it. *t also re1uires there to #e a hill crest no further than $4"&&( fro the ar y)s rear #attlefield ed"e for the to appear on. $he reinforce ents are not deployed until the '(in(' e2pends a P*P to ove the over the crest or ene y can see #ehind it. =ach ene y co and that is then a+are of the and has none of its ele e nts less than 9&&( a+ay fro the has its M= total te porarily reduced #y 2M= durin" this #ound and the i ediately follo+in" #ound. *f it #eco es #roken due to this! it re ains #roken even if the cause is re oved. 'ost as specified #y ar y list. Hidden O3sta les A#stacles of +hich the ene y is una+are are constructed in advanceG such as a road or ford #locked #y pits and stakes! river passa"e o#structed #y a #oo ! chain or under+ater stakes! trees prepared for rapid fellin" to #lock a road throu"h a +ood! stakes or pits to hinder chariots or kni"hts! or a trench du" for ene y ounted to fall in. 9Plashin" is a $-! not an o#stacle.: *f specified #y their ar y list! an -A 9see p.11: the +idth of a road or river! or up to 9&&( lon"! or to cover the front of a specified nu #er of ele ents! is arked on a ap at sta"e 2 of deploy ent. *t is placed only +hen it is discovered #y S o*ting! friendly troops cross it! or +hen ene y reach it. =ne y that reach it ove their full distance for the "oin" they start in! #ut count for any su#se1uent close co #at durin" that #ound and the i ediately follo+in" ene y #ound as if in difficult "oin". 'ost 2AP per ele entD <&( fronta"e. Po'ta3le O3sta les $he troops carry stakes or chains that can #e set up to protect their front and #e set(up a"ain if they ove.
Must #e specified #y their ar y list and count as a tactical factor. 'ost 1AP per ele ent +ith PA 9see p.11:. Bet'a)al An ene y %unior leader is #ri#ed to #etray a fortification. Dice #efore resolvin" the co #at for treachery +hen the first friendly ele ent first assaults an ene y fortification. A score of 1 if visi#ility is reduced to <&( or 1(2 if not indicates that the traitor has #een discovered and the attack is resisted. *f the score is "reater! the ene y ele ent defendin" the fortification section contacted #eco es spent unless it is that of a "eneral! the attackin" ele ent crosses the fortification into the space vacated! and ; M= is deducted fro the ovin" ar y)s M= total to pay the #ri#e. 'ost ;AP.
16
Dela)ing Battle $he '(in(' of an invadin" ar y or ar y +ith a fortified ca p or fortified BCA in its deploy ent &one chooses to delay the #attleG in the hope that reinforce ents ay arrive or +eather conditions i prove or disadvanta"e the ene y! for e2a ple #y the clearance of ist or risk of rain! the dryin" of ud! da&&le or the onset of thirst. 'annot #e used if the #attle +ould other+ise start #efore sunrise. Dice after deploy ent and add the score in hours to the start ti e. *f #oth sides do so! use the hi"her score. 'ost ;AP if the '(in(' is inert! 10AP if not. Disg*ised T'oo(s >ood and poor troops e2chan"e e1uip ent. *f specified #y their ar y list! e1ual nu #ers of foot ele ents of one nationality are su#stituted at deploy ent for those of another nationality present +ith the ar y. $hey cannot ove further than their real type. $he opponent is notified of the deception +hen the first such ele ent has a different co #at outco e than its apparent type and "rade +ould su""est. 'ost 10AP. Con ealed Command A lar"e part of the ar y is concealed fro the ene y)s vie+ +hen he deploys.
'an only #e used #y a Brilliant invadin" '(in(' as a #rilliant stroke! or #y the defender. A sin"le co and 9includin" its Ba""a"e: that is entirely concealed fro every+here in the opponent)s deploy ent area #y intervenin" hillcrests! +oods or in or #ehind a BCA deploys in the nor al +ay! #ut not until the ar y)s 2 nd #oundG unless discovered #y scouts 9for +hich see a#ove:! or i ediately any of its ele ents ove or any ene y ove into a position +here they could see any of it. *t cannot include a #ushers. 'ost ;AP unless a #rilliant stroke. Un*s*al T'oo(s Cnusual troop types are deployed as a surprise to disrupt ene y for ations or a key ene y troop type. *f specified #y their ar y list! the ar y can include re"ular units of 9or irre"ular: scythed chariots or such i provisations as fake elephants! paper lions! #oth +heeled to+ers and soldiers on #a""a"e ca els! Palestinian clu# en! fla in" pi"s! sta pedin" cattle! ca el or +ild elephant herds! anti(elephant carts! or other #lade( studded an(pushed +a"ons. *f the strata"e is chosen! these are deployed at sta"e ; of deploy ent 9if not! the ene y is already a+are of the and they are deployed of at the nor al ti e:. 'ost 10AP. Am3*sh / all #odies of troops are concealed to leap out on unsuspectin" ene y. An a #ush is a sin"le ele ent or "roup of up to 6 ele ents initially deployed in any of the follo+in" situationsH 'oncealed entirely inside +oods Jincludin" +ooded hillsK! an orchard! olive or pal "rove! a "ully or sand dunes or in a fortified BCA)s interior. 3idden fro the ene y deploy ent area #y an intervenin" hill or +ood. *f Psiloi! hidden in these +aysG or in a vineyard or arsh! or a on" cra"s! rocks or scru#. *f naval not seen fro the crest of a hill or fro less than 9&&(! #ehind any land e2cept #each or arsh. *ts location and the direction faced is +ritten do+n at sta"e 2 of deploy ent! #ut it is not placed in position until it first oves! shoots or at the end of a ove #y the ene y ele ent that is first to see it. $he invader can have 1 a #ush! the defender 2 a #ushes. A defender cannot place a #ushers further for+ard than the #attlefield centre line! or an invader place a #ushers less than 9&&( short of the centre line. An a #ush cannot include a "eneral any of +hose troops are not in the a #ush! Ba""a"e or fortifications e2cept plashin" or #arricades in a +ood! #ut can #e up to half the troops +ithin a fortified BCA. 'ost 10AP. !lanB Atta B Part of the asse #led ar y is detached on a short hook #y land off the #attlefield to appear on the ene y flank. 'an only #e used #y a Brilliant '(in(' as a #rilliant stroke. *t is treated like a nor al flank arch! e2cept that #ecause the distance it ust travel is shorter! the dice score needed to arrive is reduced #y 1. 'ost ;AP.
1L
SETTING UP A BATTLE ORDER O! BATTLE 'o petition or"anisers +ill have re1uired you to supply an O'de' o/ Battle5 $his ust list your ar y #y co ands! specifyin" the nu #er! orale e1uivalents! types and ar y point cost of all ele ents in each co and! the nu #er of orale e1uivalents 9M=: that each co and has in total and the nu #er it ust successively lose to #e disheartened and #roken. *t ust also specify the nu #er of M= that the +hole ar y starts +ith! the nu #er of M= it ust lose to #e defeated and up to ; chosen strata"e s. Bou need not declare ar y co position to an opponent! nor tell hi thin"s he should #e a#le to deduce fro your fi"ures 9thou"h it is usually courteous and so eti es 1uicker to do so:. 3e is entitled to #e told the na e and year of your ar y and of any re"ional or other su#(list that applies! #ut not your "enerals) a#ility or favoured strata"e s. ORDER O! SET UP $he t+o sides sit at opposite lon" #attlefield ed"es. =2cept in a scenario or ca pai"n #attle! each '(in(' first no inates a season of the year. Both thenH ,$Dice for a""ression. ,">enerate terrain. ,?Deploy and resolve +eather and ti e of day. AGGRESSION DICING $he players controllin" each '(in(' dice for a""ression! each addin" his ar y)s a""ression factor 9a nu #er fro 0 to 8 specified in its ar y list: to his ra+ score. *f scores are e1ual! dice a"ain until a round of dicin" produces une1ual scores. $he side +ith the hi"her ad%usted score invades. $he other defends. $he season in +hich the #attle is fou"ht is that already no inated #y the invader! #ut delayed #y 1 season for each ti e the ad%usted scores +ere e1ual. $his si ulates invasions delayed #y or"ani&ational pro#le s or +eather or a #attle avoided #y the defender until late in a ca pai"n. *f a defender intends to place a frontier +all 9see p.1L:! he is facin" the direction specified in his ar y list. Ather+ise! if his last ra+ dice score +as odd he is facin" due +est. *f it +as even! he is facin" due east. PRIORITY O! ARMY ARRI7AL ?early all ancient and edieval #attles occurred +hen one side! usually 9#ut not al+ays: that invaded! arrived first! deployed in its entirety in a hopefully advanta"eous position and +aited for the ene y. $he other side then arrived! deployed and usually 9#ut not al+ays: initiated the co #at. $here +ere very fe+ if any cases in this eraG 9althou"h they are co on in later periods: of ar ies arrivin" nearly si ultaneously in colu n of arch and deployin" co ands in turn. 3istorically! an invader chose the season and route of invasion! often alon" a coast or river or trade route! the defender +here on that route to oppose hi . $he defender has the "reater local kno+led"e and scope for choosin" the #attlefield or preparin" defensive positions or a #ushes. Both sides accordin"ly have so e say in terrain place ent! #ut the defender has ost. DEPICTING TERRAIN As "eneralship is defina#le as the skill +ith +hich "enerals adapt their troops) ove ents to those of the ene y and to the #attlefield! varied and realistic terrain is essential for interestin" #attles. *deally! players +ill spend as uch ti e on akin" their terrain attractive as their troops. $he usual ethod of depictin" terrain is to place separate terrain features on top of a cloth 9+hite if +inter in 'old! other+ise li"ht "reen! dun or patterned as appropriate:. -eatures ust realistically depict the type of terrain they represent. Cn( odeled flat felt rectan"les are naffR. $hese features ust #e of types per itted or re1uired #y our ar y list #ooks for the defender)s ar y 9e2cept that any ar y can have arsh if this placed on the ed"e of a sea! +ater+ay! lake or river! or sand dunes if these are placed on a sea shore touchin" a #each:.
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TERRAIN CHARACTERISTICS $errain features are either area features! or a linear feature such as a +ater feature! road or frontier +all. A'ea !eat*'es An area feature ust fit into a rectan"le $4"&&( 2 $4&&&(! #ut #e realistically shaped 9Anly BCA! orchards! vineyards or fields can #e rectan"ular:. Anly a #oundary or "ully can have a a2i u +idth less than $"&( or #e lon"er than 7 ti es that +idth. Area features are classed #y "oin" and terrain type. >oin" can #eH Di//i *lt going! of steep JD3K 9and so eti es also rocky cra""ed J'3K: difficult hills! +ooded hills J.3K! +oods J.dK! orchards or olive or oasis pal "roves JAK! s all fields enclosed #y +alls! hed"es! irri"ation channels or paddy #unds J=K! vineyards JFK! arsh JMK! lo+ sand dunes JDK! or a a%or #oundary hed"e andDor ditch or lo+ dry stone +all separatin" parishes! to+nships or "ra&in" territories or far land fro +aste JBK! or a sunken "ully J>K 9unless ovin" alon" and inside it:! or a #uilt(up area JBCAK if ore than 9&( inside. Ro*gh going! of predo inantly rocky J43K or scru#(covered J/3K "entle hills! or flat "round that is oderately #o""y JB-K! or predo inantly scru# J/-K or rocky J4-K. ,/cru#0 is lo+! often prickly! #ushes such as "orse 9often i2ed +ith heather or scattered rocks or trees:! a1uis! ca el(thorn! sa"e! creosote or prickly pear. Good going! of relatively #are "entle hills J>3K! or cultivated open fields J-K! or +ater features! #o""y "round or arsh fro&en #y cold +eather. $he space #et+een features is also "ood "oin" and represents uni proved pasture! steppe or hard desert +ith any folds in the "round and ve"etation too inor to conceal #odies of troops. 'ra""y hills are difficult "oin" to Au2ilia! Bo+s and Psiloi! #ut i passa#le to other troops. =lephants count scru# as "ood "oin" and rocky lo+ "round or rocky "entle hills as difficult "oin". 'a els of any troop type includin" Ba""a"e ,!- count sand dunes and scru# J/- #ut not /3K as "ood "oin" and count other rou"h "oin" as difficult "oin". 'hariots of any troop type 9includin" kallapani: count all rou"h "oin" as difficult "oin". An ele ent in ore than one type of "oin" is treated for ove ent and close co #at as in the type that +ould slo+ 'avalry ore and for visi#ility! a #ush and shootin" as that +hich +ould hinder visi#ility least. Hills >entle hills ore than <&&( across in all directions ay have a 9&&( +ide flat top! the ed"e of +hich is a crest. Ather hills slope fro a central rid"e crest or point do+n to their ed"e. Bein" upslope is a co #at advanta"e for ounted in their o+n #ound 9so char"in" do+n it: or foot in an ene y #ound 9resistin" ene y char"in" up it:. G*ll) A "ully represents a steep(sided depression up to $"&( +ide lo+ enou"h to conceal troops do+n slope +ithin it. BUA A BCA can #e an area feature such as a +alled or open to+n! a villa"e! an isolated fort or castle or lar"e te ple! or #e a linear feature P- frontier +all 9-.: 9such as the >reat .all of 'hina or 3adrian)s .all: #et+een 2 short #attlefields ed"es and "9&29&&( short of the ta#le centre line. *t can include 0(2 free internal 9or! if -.! linin": roads and #e passed throu"h #y a river. Anly 1 BCA can #e used. *f on a hill! it is placed +hen the hill is. *f not! it is not diced for! #ut placed as its player +ishes either ,a- gate3s astride or in contact +ith a road! or ,3ad%oinin" a #attlefield ed"e other than the ene y rear ed"e! or , - ad%oinin" a sea! lake or +ater+ay. Bo*nda') A #oundary hed"e or +all is strai"ht and <&&2$4"&&( lon" and depicted as "&( +ide. *f a river is present in its possi#le place ent area! the #oundary ust eet it at L0M to its flo+. Roads =2ternal roads are usually unpaved earth tracks J4dK! #ut so e nations can have roads that are paved or corduroyed +ith lo"s JP4dK. All roads ust #e appro2i ately ele ent +idth or less! +ith ele ents ovin" astride. A road can start or end at a #attlefield ed"e! at a sea! lake or +ater+ay or at another road. *ts total len"th ust not e2ceed 1S ti es the strai"ht line distance #et+een its ends. 4oads #et+een the sa e 2 ed"es as a road previously placed ust cross or %oin and #e separated at #attlefield ed"es #y at least "4&&&(. A road can cross any terrain placed earlier or later e2cept a sea! lake or +ater+ay. 'o #at counts as in the "oin" on its ed"es.
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8ate' !eat*'es .ater features can either #e /ea J/K navi"a#le #y all naval! a .ater+ay J..K such as the 4hine! Danu#e! =uphrates! $i"ris! lo+er ?ile or Ban"tse navi"a#le #y >alleys ,!- or ,I-! /hips and Boats! a lar"e @ake J@K accessi#le only #y Boats! or else ordinary rivers J4vK navi"a#le #y Boats #ut only if at least <&( +ide. As +ater lacks surface features! "oin" is instead related to +eather and current. ?aval oves are in difficult "oin" if ovin" #ack+ards! >alleys in stron" +inds! Boats ovin" on a lo+ river or upstrea in spate! or /hips +ith no +ind or headed +ithin 8;M of up+ind. Ather naval ove ent on unfro&en +ater is in "ood "oin". .ater+ays! lakes! rivers! arshes and #o""y "round ay free&e in +inter in a 'ool cli ate. $hey are al+ays fro&en in +inter in a 'old cli ate in all +eathers. /o e parts of the Baltic and Black /eas are also fro&en in +inter 9noted in ar y lists as -/:. All fro&en features are "ood "oin" to land troops and i passa#le to naval. /ea! +ater+ays and lakes are unforda#le. /ea or +ater+ay occupy a full short #attlefield ed"e. A lake ust occupy at least half a short #attlefield ed"e. /ea e2tends #et+een ?&&( and C&&( in+ard and +ith no ore than half e2tendin" ore than %&&( in+ard. A lake e2tends in+ard #et+een ?&&( and %&&(! a +ater+ay #et+een "9&( and 9&&(5 $heir land ed"e should #e realistically curved. A sea ed"e can #e any co #ination of a rocky shore 9difficult "oin": up to $4"&&( lon" and <&( +ide! sand! pe##le or ud #eaches 9"ood "oin": 9&2$"&( 99&( if not depicted: +ide! a nor ally chosen and placed arsh or dunes area feature! or the 1uay! defences or foreshore #each of a BCA. A lake! +ater+ay or river has an easily crossed #ank to +hich vessels can #e oored. A hill superi posed on a sea as a pro ontory or island is ed"ed #y #each at the foot of #are! #rushy or +ooded "entle slopes! other+ise #y a rocky shore. A river J4vK ust flo+ in "entle reversin" curves fro a #attlefield ed"e or lake to a #attlefield ed"e! lake! +ater+ay or previously placed river. *ts total len"th ust not e2ceed 1S ti es the strai"ht line distance #et+een its ends! nor can its a2i u +idth e2ceed "&&(. *f at least <&( +ide any+here! it ust #e so every+here. 4oads can cross each river once only #y #rid"es or road fords! +hich ust #e at L0M to its flo+ and are "ood "oin". 4ivers can also #e crossed +ith ore difficulty off(road at #et+een 8;M and L0M to the flo+ #y +adin"! often in colu n or s+i in" deep parts. A land ele ent is +adin" if any part is in a river. $roops in or #eyond the river cannot #e attacked +ith fla in" pi"s or thunder(#o # o2en. 4ivers <&( to "&&( +ide are navi"a#le #y Boats! #ut +adin" is hindered #y the depth of +ater. $heir #anks are rarely steep and their #eds usually s ooth. $hey are difficult "oin" for all troops if in spate and rou"h "oin" for all troops if lo+ 9see .=A$3=4! P.28:. *f neither in spate nor lo+! they areH 4ou"h "oin" for ounted troops e2cept chariots. Difficult "oin" for =2penda#les! chariots! foot and train. Boats on a navi"a#le river can al+ays turn 160M! even if its +idth is less than their ele ent depth. 4ivers less than <&( +ide are too shallo+ to #e navi"a#le! and +adin" is chiefly hindered #y steep #anks! rocky or uddy #eds! and if in spate #y the speed of the +ater. $hey are difficult "oin" for all troops if in spate and "ood "oin" for all troops if +ithin <&&( of sea and not in spate. *f neither of these! they areH 4ou"h "oin" for foot. Difficult "oin" for ounted troops and train. ?aval ele ents in contact +ith a #each! 1uay! river#ank! #rid"e! fortification or +aders can #e in close co #at +ith land ele ents. .aders turn to face Boats that contact the . -ords or undefended #rid"es do not #lock Boats. Boats eetin" a #rid"e occupied #y ene y facin" the cannot pass under and ust fi"ht the . *f ene y on a #rid"e are facin" in another direction! Boats can choose to fi"ht the or pass under. DE!ENDING THE EDGE O! A TERRAIN !EATURE $o defend the ed"e of a terrain feature! all of the defendin" ele ent ust #e inside an area feature or #eyond a linear feature! and any ene y ele ent contactin" it at least partially on the opposite side of the feature)s ed"e.
22
GENERATING TERRAIN !eat*'e ED*i+alents *f an area feature is no+here ore than 9<&( across in any direction it is O a feature e1uivalent 9-=:. *f it any+here e2ceeds <&&( across it is 2 -=. All other area features are 1 -=. $he 1 st unpaved road placed #y each player is 0 -=! each other unpaved road O an -=! each paved road 1 -=! and each other linear feature 2 -=. Archards and olive "roves ust #e O -= si&e. $he -= cost of area features of each si&e is halved for #are "entle lo+ hills J>3K and cultivated open fields J-K. Choosing Te''ain !eat*'es $he invader chooses and declares 0(2 -= of any per itted types e2cept BCA. $he defender then chooses and declares 2(8 -= of any per itted type! plus 0(2 of any of the invader)s -= not used! #ut ust include at least 1 -= of each co pulsory type. ?o player can choose ore than 1 river! or ore than 2 non(co pulsory features of the sa e type! or ore than 7 features costin" O -=. /ince an invader need not invade alon" it! a sea or +ater+ay can #e used only if co pulsory or chosen #y an invader for +ho it is also a per itted type. A navi"a#le river cannot #e chosen #y a player +ho also chooses a difficult or cra""y hill. Pla ing Te''ain !eat*'es $he ed"es of the #attlefield are nu #ered 1 to 8 clock+ise fro the defender)s left. Ane ed"e is no+ additionally nu #ered ; #y the defender! then one 9+hich can #e the sa e ed"e: nu #ered < #y the invader. =ach feature is placed #y its chooser. Cnless a sea! +ater+ay or BCA! 9all placed +ithout dicin":! he thro+s 2 dice in succession for its per itted position. Place ent order isH ,$,",?,9,#,%,E1 only sea! +ater+ay or lake. ?avi"a#le rivers. Ather rivers. Marsh and sand dunes. Difficult or cra""y hills and +oods. 4ou"h hills. Bare "entle hills and vineyards. ,<,C,$&,$$,$",$?,$94oads. BCA unless on a hill. -ields 9open or enclosed:. 1 only orchard! olive "rove or oasis. Boundary hed"e or +all! andDor ditch. Bo""y! rocky or scru# flat "round. >ullies.
*f #oth sides ust place at the sa e sta"e! all the defender)s features are placed first. A feature that cannot #e placed +ithout ovin" earlier features is discarded! even if of a co pulsory type. Anly 1 feature of any of sea J/K! +ater+ay J..K or lake J@K can #e used. Any others chosen are discarded. A lake is discarded unless one of its terrain placin" dice indicates a short #attlefield ed"e no inated #y the player #efore dicin". 4ivers and roads ust start at the ed"e correspondin" to the 1st dice thro+n and al+ays head to+ards that correspondin" to the 2nd. *t is discarded if this is the sa e ed"e. A river or road #et+een #attlefield ed"es separated #y a sin"le corner ust have each end $4"&&2"49&&( fro that corner. A river endin" at the sa e #attlefield ed"e as a previously placed river ust %oin it. A river #et+een 2 short #attlefield ed"es ust have #oth ends on the sa e side of the #attlefield centre line. An area feature ust #e placed so that part of it is closer to the #attlefield ed"e correspondin" to the score of the 1st dice thro+n than any part is to any other ed"e. $he score of the 2nd dice in ele ent #ase +idths isH !o' the /i'st a'ea /eat*'e (la ed /o' ea h 3attle/ield edge T the a2i u distance allo+ed #et+een it and that ed"e 9if the ed"e is #ordered #y a +ater feature! #et+een it and the +ater feature instead:. !o' an) a'ea /eat*'e T the ini u distance #et+een it and all area features placed previously. -eatures cannot #e superi posed! e2cept that ,a- a hill can #e placed on a sea or lake as an island or pro ontory! ,3- BCA can #e on hills or placed as a pro ontory! , - arsh! sand dunes or BCA can partly replace #each! ,d- vineyards can #e on the ost south(facin" slope of a hill! and ,e- roads can cross any land terrain placed earlier or later. A BCA or hill can pro%ect into a sea or lake as a pro ontory if no closer than "&&( to the #attlefield ed"e. An island 9a hill surrounded #y sea: cannot #e closer than "&&( to the #attlefield ed"e or closer than $"&( to the shore. A "ap up to "&&( +ide #et+een island and shore is treated as a river.
27
INITIAL DEPLOYMENT All ele ents 9includin" Ba""a"e and a #ushers:! not in a fortified BCA! of each co and +ith a "eneral ust deploy inside a rectan"le parallel +ith the #attlefield ed"es that does not intersect any other "eneral)s rectan"le. $he defender ust not deploy any ele ents further for+ard than "9&( short of the #attlefield centre line unless in a fortified BCA or in a #ush. $he attac(er ust not deploy any ele ents further for+ard than 9&&( short of the #attlefield centre line. ?o ele ent can deploy less than 9&&( fro an ene y fortification. ?either side can deploy li"ht troops! a "eneral)s ele ent "rouped +ith these or Ba""a"e ,!- less than 9&&( or other land ele ents less than <&&( fro a short #attlefield ed"e! e2cept as a #ushers or in a fortified BCA. @and ele ents cannot deploy in a river. =le ents not inside P- or $- ust not deploy facin" their #ase ed"e. Any Ba""a"e ,O- included in a co and ust deploy as a sin"le "roup in "ood "oin" on the rear #attlefield ed"e or a sea shore! or in a BCA. $- specified #y ar y lists as defendin" ca ps or Ba""a"e ust have each end touchin" either their side)s rear #attlefield ed"e or a +ater feature! and contain Ba""a"e ,O-. Deploy ent is in the follo+in" sta"esH ,$=ach ar y records the relative positions of its initially deployed co ands fro left(to(ri"ht and fro front(to(rear! final choice of strata"e s! the route associated +ith any G*ides strata"e chosen! the ed"es of arrival of flank arches! and any delayed co and! =ach ar y dices for deploy ent. *f all its initially deployed ele ents are ounted troops 9even if deployed dis ounted:! ounted infantry! Psiloi or Ba""a"e ,!-! it can choose +hether or not to ad%ust its score #y either P7 or (1. *f the invader)s ad%usted score is no+ at least t+ice that of the defender it deploys first! other+ise the defender deploys first. $he difference #et+een the t+o ra+ scores is the +eather score! +hich to"ether +ith the cli atic &one and season defines the state of the +eather. *f the ra+ scores +ere e1ual! no+ dice a second ti e. $he total of all ra+ scores "ives the ti e that deploy ent +ill #e co pleted. ,?Dice for scoutin". $he ar y deployin" first no+ places all ele ents neither delayed! flank archin" or part of an undiscovered Con ealed Command4 Am3*sh or Un*s*al T'oo(s strata"e ! and any P- or $- not already placed as part of a BCA! e2cept plashin" or #arricades part of an a #ush. $he other ar y then does the sa e. or e2chan"es
,"-
co
,9$he ar y deployin" first no+ places any ele ents of an Un*s*al T'oo(s strata"e ands in a Changing De(lo)ment strata"e . $he other ar y then does the sa e. ,#-
4e"ular '(in('s record +hich re"ular co ands are initially allocated the hi"hest! ne2t hi"hest and lo+est P*P scores! or +hose scores are to #e avera"ed.
!LAN6 MARCHING OR DELAYED COMMANDS $hese si ulate the potential arrival after the #attle has started of troops co in" fro a "reater distance or of an allied or co(operatin" force fro a different ori"in. $his is descri#ed in DELAYED ARRI7AL on pa"e.71. 0(2 of an ar y)s co plete co ands can flank arch and 0(1 #e delayed. Anly 1 co and can arrive on each flank. Arrival ed"es ust #e recorded at sta"e 2 of deploy ent. A '(in(' cannot flank arch or #e delayed. Ba""a"e can do so unless ,O- not e #arked on /hips ,I-. ?aval can arrive on any navigable )ater feature touching that battlefield edge. /roops on impressed shipping can arrive only by sea. @and troops can arrive on land or on any fro&en +ater feature. Mounted troops arrivin" #y land arrive ounted. A variant for of -lank March can #e used only as a !lanB Atta B strata"e
28
#y a #rilliant '(in('.
HA7ING A CUNNING PLAN A "ood plan uses the terrain! the +eather! disparities in troops #et+een the ar ies and your "uess as to his pro#a#le #ehaviour to deceive your opponent and place hi at a disadvanta"e. $o do this consistently is the ark of a "reat "eneral. $o deploy troopsG then think a#out +hat to do +ith the ! erely hope for the #est or +ait for so ethin" to turn up is not. =ven the #est plan ay not +ork! since the ene y is also a participant +ith free +ill! #ut a plan that +orks inco pletely is usually #etter than none. Bear the follo+in" a2i s in indH 8hen maBing )o*' (lan. Do not do +hat your opponent +ants you to do. Do not do +hat your opponent e2pects you to do. $e pt your opponent to do foolish thin"s. Ieep a s all reserve that can intervene to e2ploit success or rescue failure. Ha+ing made )o*' (lan. Do not "et distracted #y P*P(+astin" sidesho+s of li"ht troops. Do not hastily a#andon your plan and react to the ene y)s actions. Make hi react to yours. $ry to restrict a #rilliant ene y "eneral)s opportunities to display his #rilliance. Move fast. Ieep up the o entu . Do not allo+ your opponent ti e to think. Play on his dou#ts. Any action is #etter than indecisive delay. Bour careless istake ay look to your opponent like a trap. =ncoura"e hi in this #elief. @ook confident and plou"h ahead. .hen in dou#t! fi"ht. =ven a fi"ht at a disadvanta"e ay create a useful opportunity. Averlap advanta"e tends to disappear after the first three co #ats. TIME O! DAY OR NIGHT $he total of the t+o sides) ra+ deploy ent dice scores is the nu #er of hours after idni"ht that deploy ent is co pleted. 10 inutes then passes each ti e a side co pletes its #ound. /unrise to /unset isH /u er. /prin" or Autu n. .inter. 'old. 0700(2100 0<00(1600 0600(1<00 'ool. 0770(2270 0<00(1600 0770(1<70 .ar . 0;00(1L00 0<00(1600 0700(1700 Dry. 0;70(1670 0<00(1600 0<70(1770 $ropical. 0<00(1600 0<00(1600 0<00(1600
Da+n is the period #efore sunrise. Dusk is the period after sunset. ?i"ht is #et+een Dusk and Da+n. $he duration of da+n or dusk isH /u er. /prin" or Autu n. .inter. 'old. 2 hours . 1 hour. 70 inutes. 'ool. 1 hour 1 hour. 70 inutes. .ar . 70 inutes. 70 inutes. 70 inutes. Dry. 20 inutes. 20 inutes. 20 inutes. $ropical. 10 inutes. 10 inutes. 10 inutes.
*f the invader)s first ra+ deploy ent dice score +as 1! there +ill #e no oon. *f it +as 7 or ;! the oon rises at the start of his first ni"ht #ound after that correspondin" to his score and +ill not set #efore sunrise. *f it +as 2! 8 or <! the oon is already risen at sunset and sets at the end of his first ni"ht #ound after that correspondin" to his score. Avercast! ist! fo"! fallin" rain or sno+ and dust stor s #lock oonli"ht. *f deploy ent ends #et+een dusk and da+n! the invader can choose +hether to start the #attle i ediately in /u er! or an hour #efore da+n in /prin" or Autu n. *f so! the defendin" side is enca ped and thro+s no P*P dice until sunrise or one of its ele ents #eco es a+are of ene y. *f not! the #attle starts at sunrise. *f dusk occurs durin" a #attle! flank archin" and delayed arrival is suspended until da+n. -i"htin" continues until no ene y can #e seen. An ele ent or "roup that cannot see ene y cannot ove closer to ene y or to the ene y rear #attlefield ed"e. Ance fi"htin" ceases! #oth sides record their decision +hether to continue the #attle at da+n in their current position or retreat! then reveal it si ultaneously. *t ends if #oth sides retreat.
2;
CLIMATIC REGIONS $he ho e cli ate of each ar y is specified #y its ar y list. *t can #e 'old! 'ool! .ar ! Dry or $ropical. $he #attle is in the defender)s cli ate. As a "eneral "uideH Cold applies to A erica fro the >reat @akes north! /candinavia! =urope fro the =l#e east+ard and north of the Black /ea! 4ussia! Mon"olia! /i#eria! $i#et! Iorea and lar"e ountain re"ions retainin" su er sno+ peaks. Cool applies to the re ainder of =urope north of the Pyrenees and Alps! the Danu#e #asin! the central Anatolian plateau! 'hina north of the 3uai(Ban"&i +atershed! Japan! A erica fro 80M? to the >reat @akes and hi"hland Peru. 8a'm applies to southern =urope! Africa north of the Atlas! Asia Minor e2cept the central Anatolian plateau! ost of /outhern 'hina! A erica less than 80M? and northern ?e+ Nealand. D') applies to the /ahara! @i#ya! ="ypt! .est and =ast /udans! /yriaDPalestine! Ara#ia! Persia! Mesopota ia! the *ndo(Persian #order! the >reat *ndian Desert! the A erican deserts and the 'entral Asian Desert. T'o(i al applies to Africa south of the /udans! *ndia! /outh =ast Asia! >uan"&hou! >uan"2i and southern Bunnan in the far south of 'hina! ost Pacific islands! and 'entral and /outh A erica. 8EATHER $he difference #et+een the 2 deploy ent dice is the +eather score. 9*f the #attle is continuin" on a 2 nd day after ceasin" overni"ht! su#stitute the difference #et+een the last pair of co #at dice:. *f the +eather score isH 0 ?o .ind. -o" in 'ool if +inter or in 'old in autu n! cli ates e2cept Dry fro 1 hour #efore da+n. ist in other seasons in 'ool! or any season in other
1(2
Perfect clear and dry +eather +ith ini al cloud cover and no overcast. @i"ht +ind as for score of ;! e2cept that in #ounds +hen the P*P dice avera"e 2 or less there is no +ind. 4isk of da&&le in 'ool if +inter or in 'old. 4ivers lo+ in su er in 'ool or in su er or autu n in .ar or Dry. @akes fro&en! +ater+ay! sea 9if applica#le: and rivers un(navi"a#le due to floatin" ice in 'old if sprin". *rre"ular @i"ht 3orse of a side defendin" in 'old in sprin" are alnourished and lack sta ina #ecause unseasona#le cold has ade the "rass late! and have a +eather disadvanta"e after its side)s < th #ound. /tron" +ind #lo+in" fro /outh .est in 'ool! 'old or $ropical! fro /outh in .ar or Dry. 4isk of rain in $ropical if sprin" or any season in 'ool. Avercast and risk of sno+ if +inter in 'old. 4isk of dust stor s in Dry if sprin" or su er if +ind re ains stron"! ceasin" if it reduces. @i"ht +ind #lo+in" fro ?orth .est in 'ool! 'old or .ar ! fro /outh .est in Dry or $ropical. Avercast! ud and risk of rain in $ropical if sprin" or su er! in 'ool if sprin" or autu n. Mud in 'old if sprin". 4ivers in spate in 'ool! 'old or .ar if sprin". 4isk of /no+ in 'ool or 'old if +inter. @i"ht +ind #lo+in" fro ?orth =ast in 'old or 'ool if +inter! /outh .est in 'ool if sprin"! su er or autu n! ?orth .est in .ar ! /outh .est in Dry or $ropical. /tron" +ind fro ?orth .est in 'old if autu n. Avercast if sprin"! autu n or! unless $ropical! in +inter. 4isk of rain in 'old! 'ool or .ar if sprin" or autu n! in Dry if +inter! in $ropical if sprin". *f there is risk of rain! ud until 2 hours after da+n! or if rain has actually fallen for 2 or ore #ounds! fro then until an e1ual nu #er of #ounds after the rain ceases. 4ivers in spate in 'ool if sprin" or autu n! in .ar or Dry if +inter! in $ropical if autu n. .ater+ays! lakes! rivers! #o" and arshes fro&en! and risk of sno+ in 'ool if +inter 4isk of da&&le if +inter in $ropical or su er else+here. $hirst in Dry if su er or autu n.
2<
8eathe' Changes 'han"e in +ind directionH /no+! rain or dust stor 'learance of ist or fo"H riskH
$he +ind #acks 8;M anticlock+ise +hen the defender)s ra+ P*P dice 9includin" du y dice: avera"e ; or ore! veers 8;M clock+ise if they avera"e 2 or less. *f a later shift is in the reverse direction! stron" +inds are reduced to li"ht. /uch +eather starts +hen any #ound)s P*P dice avera"e ; or ore. Both actual +eather and risk of occurrence cease per anently +hen they avera"e 7 or less. 'lear +hen any #ound)s P*P dice avera"e less than 7! or 7 hours after sunrise.
8eathe' E//e t /no+! fo"! istH
4educes visi#ility. 4estricts ove ent. 'o #at disadvanta"e if shootin"! e2cept in sno+ if tar"et is +ithin 8;M of directly do+n+ind. 4ainH 'o #at disadvanta"e if Bo+s! /hot! .ar .a"ons or ArtilleryG and in close co #at a"ainst ounted or shootin". After < #ounds of rain! Artillery and /hot can no lon"er shoot. Dust stor H 4educes visi#ility. 'o #at disadvanta"e unless Bedouin or $uare" desert no ads. /pateH *ncreases difficulty of river crossin"s. Da&&leH 'o #at disadvanta"e if in close co #at or shootin" and facin" +ithin 8;M of due east fro sunrise for 1 hour! or +ithin 8;M of due +est for 1 hour #efore sunset! unless the ele ent)s front ed"e is entirely +ithin a +ood! orchard! olive or pal "rove or "ully or on a hill)s shaded slope. /tron" +indsH Ma2i u shootin" ran"e of Bo+s! .ar .a"ons and naval is reduced #y <&( unless the tar"et is +ithin 8;M of directly do+n +ind. 'o #at disadvanta"e for Artillery and /hot. ?aval ove as sin"le ele ents. ?aval at sea +ith land less than <&( a+ay directly do+n +ind and /hips ,1are destroyed #y ship+reck unless oved! halted or already in contact +ith a 1uay! or >alleys or Boats already in contact +ith a #each. Difficult "oin" and co #at disadvanta"e for >alleys. ?o +indH Difficult "oin" for /hips. MudH 'onverts unpaved roads into rou"h "oin"! #oth for ove ent alon" or across! and for co #at if throu"h "ood "oin". .eather disadvanta"e in close co #at unless on a paved road! if either oved upslope into contact this #ound or dis ounted Ini"hts. 'ultivated open fields te porarily #eco e #o""y rou"h "oin" JB-K. $hirstH 'o #at disadvanta"e after $"&& unless the ar y has a river! lake! oasis or friendly BCA closer to its rear #attlefield ed"e than is the rear of its ost for+ard ele ent. AvercastH 4educes visi#ility at ni"ht. =lephants 9p.8: or @i"ht 3orse 9p.<! 28: in 'old ay also suffer a +eather disadvanta"e in close co #at 7ISIBILITY $roops or terrain features are visi#le in dayli"ht and clear +eather to all vie+ers +hose direct line of si"ht is not #locked #y intervenin" hills! dunes! +oods! orchards! olive or pal "roves or BCA. Dusk and da+n restrict the a2i u distance at +hich they can #e seen to 9&&(! oonli"ht! day(ti e or da+n ist or sno+ to $%&(! and a oonless! overcast or isty ni"ht! fo" or dust(stor to <&(. $roop ele ents do not #lock line of si"ht. $roops not disclosed #y shootin" out and plashin" cannot #e seen fro #eyond 9&( if in +oodsDon a +ooded hill if in su er or in $ropical. $hose ,a- in +oodsDon +ooded hills in other seasons! ,3- in orchards! olive or pal "roves! or , - in a BCA unless annin" its P- or $- cannot #e seen fro #eyond <&(! or those in dunes fro #eyond l%&(. $roops less distance inside the ed"e see out as if outside. Psiloi in vineyards! arsh! or a on" cra"s! rocks or scru# cannot #e seen fro ore than $%&( unless they oved or are in close co #at. *n addition! troops at least half +ay up hills cannot see or #e seen fro less than <&&( #eyond a lo+er hill! +ood! orchard or olive or pal "rove or sand dunes. $hose on the flat or lo+er on hills cannot #e seen over these at all. $roops on difficult hills or #eyond a crest cannot #e seen fro the sa e hill at #eyond <&(. Cnless other+ise hidden #y terrain! troops on a hill can see and #e seen #y troops not on that hill and +ithin L0M of strai"ht do+nhill. A "ully can #e seen into only fro its ed"e. $roops in it can see out! #ut cannot shoot out Ino+led"e of ene y presence or an adverse event is assu ed to spread throu"h a co and #y infor al eans! +hether the "eneral +ishes it or not. $roops are a+are of any ene y +hoH Are visi#le to or have shot at any ele ent of their co and. 3ave #een seen +ithin or ovin" into concealin" terrain #y an ele ent of the co and and not #een seen to ove out a"ainG or have #een visi#le #ut are no+ no lon"er so! due to the o#servers) ove ent.
27
Are
annin" fortifications.
26
!IGHTING THE BATTLE SEFUENCE O! PLAY *f one side)s '(in(' is inert! the other side takes first #ound. Ather+iseH $he invader takes first #ound if he deployed first or visi#ility is less than 9&&(. $he defender takes first #ound unless the invader deployed first or visi#ility is less than 9&&(! $he other side takes the ne2t #ound and the sides then continue to alternate #ounds. Durin" each side)s #oundH ,$*ts co ander(in(chief dices on #ehalf of each of its co ands on the #attlefield or flank archin" for that co and)s player initiative points 9P*P:! to #e used to ake tactical or arch oves or to te porarily halt spontaneous advance or retreat oves or driftin"! or to test for arrival. ?ote any chan"e in the +eather. *t first akes all tactical oves! arch oves and haltsG then any spontaneous oves or driftin" that have not #een prevented and rout oves. A le"al ove cannot #e taken #ack once ade unless its ori"inal position has #een arked! and not even then if another ele ent has #een oved since. .hen a ove is ade to 4ust short of or 4ust beyond a critical distance fro ene y! the player ust tell his opponent so. 12 or 52p is a historically plausible difference to specify. All ele ents of #oth sides that are eli"i#le to shoot! shoot and ake or inflict outco e order decided #y the side +hose #ound it is. All shootin" is treated as si ultaneous. oves! in an
,"-
,?,9-
Any ele ents of #oth sides that are in suita#le contact +ith ene y fi"ht and ake or inflict outco e oves! in an order decided #y the side +hose #ound it is. -ei"ned fli"hts are tri""ered and are ade.
PLAYER INITIATI7E POINT DICING $he '(in(' si ultaneously thro+s one P*P dice for each and every co and at the start of each of his side)s #ounds. *f there are less than 8 co ands! he uses du y irre"ular dice to ake up the total nu #er of dice to 8. A du y is discarded if it scores <. Ather dice continue to #e thro+n each #ound until their co and has #een shattered. *rre"ular and allied "enerals) co ands are each allocated a different colour dice at the start of the "a e! +hich dice and its P*P scores they use throu"hout the "a e. $he dice for other re"ular "enerals) co ands are all the sa e colour. $he '(in(' specifies durin" deploy ent +hich re"ular commands +ill initially al+ays use the hi"hest! ne2t hi"hest or lo+est scorin" dice or +ill avera"e dice. $his can #e chan"ed durin" the #attle! #ut +ith considera#le difficulty and confusion! so try to "et it ri"ht first ti e. *t represents the roles allotted to co ands! and is not affected #y distance! visi#ility or loss of the '(in('. 3o+ever! a re"ular co and +hose "eneral is lost! lackin" or not yet arrived fro a flank or delayed arch! or that has #een #roken! dices independently. $he '(in(' can %oin a "roup of a su#ordinate "eneral)s co and +hose "eneral is not part of it and ove it usin" his o+n co and)s P*Ps. P*Ps cannot other+ise #e used to ove troops of another co and! #e transferred! or #e saved for future #ounds. B'illiant Gene'als usin" a #rilliant stroke can dou#le a ra+ P*P score after dicin" +hile on the #attlefield unless in close co #at or overlappin" an ene y ele ent. *f a re"ular '(in('! it can #e his o+n score or that of an on(#attlefield su#ordinate "eneral no ore than "4&&&( a+ay. Ine't Gene'als al+ays deduct G$ fro their o+n co and)s ra+ P*P score if an ally! and fro that of every co and that has arrived on the #attlefield if the '(in('G even if the *nert "eneral is a#sent or has #een lost. $his si ulates their stultifyin" influence on su#ordinates and allies.
2L
PIP E1PENDITURE No PIP is e2pended #y a first arch ove this #ound if either ,a- entirely alon" a road +ithout reversin" direction! or ,3- a colu n ostly of Pikes that is ovin" strai"ht ahead! or , - naval in "ood "oin". Ather+iseH $ PIP is e2pended forH =ach arch or tactical ove #y an ele ent or "roup. =ach halt #y a sin"le i petuous! #roken or naval ele ent. =ach halt #y a #roken "roup or a "roup includin" i petuous troops. =ach ti e an ele ent sets(up PA. " PIPs are e2pended forH ? PIPs are e2pendedH $ less PIP is e2pended forH =ach ele ent dis ountin" or ountin"! unless ounted infantry.
By the '(in(' to activate an ally! or 9unless #y a Brilliant stroke: to chan"e orders or to tri""er a fei"ned fli"ht. Ane ove per #ound #y each ele ent or "roup entirely of re"ulars that includes a "eneral +ho is not *nert
$ e0t'a PIP is e2pended #y a ove re1uirin" P*Ps for each ofH ,aCommand Di//i *lt) *f a arch or tactical ove or halt #y any ele ent or "roup +hose co and)s "eneral is any ofH @ost! or not on the #attlefield! or unrelia#le and still unco itted! or does not e2ist. /tarted the #ound in frontal close co #at. More than "4&&&( a+ay if it is entirely @i"ht 3orse or entirely naval. More than <&&( a+ay if it is other troops. Cna#le to see it only #ecause visi#ility is restricted #y the ti e of day and +eather. Movin" disheartened troops that +ill end closer to ene y. ,3, O'de' Change Con/*sion *f the '(in(' chan"ed the co and)s orders last #ound! unless #y a #rilliant stroke.
Un'es(onsi+e, Mixed or Forced Marchin T'oo(s *f an ele ent or "roup includes train Junless ,!- in its first ove that #oundK or 3ordes ,O-5 *f a "roup includes #oth any ounted e2cept a "eneral)s ele ent and any un( ounted foot e2cept Psiloi that could provide rear support. 3avin" already ade 2 Jif irre"ularK or 7 Jif re"ularK off(road arch oves this #ound E+ol*tions -or each of6 A "roup other than a colu n )heels. Both a "roup)s front corners ove less than a2i u distance! *nless it ,i- ends in any contact +ith friends not already in edge in contact )ith it ! ,ii- ends +ith its front ed"e in contact +ith ene y! or ,iii- ends +hen its front corner or front ed"e reaches the ed"e of rou"h! difficult or i passa#le "oin"! ,i+- turns 1+27, (!) )heels. A "roup allo)ed to do so or a single ele ent of =2penda#les! .ar .a"ons or /hips turns 160M. A "roup interpenetrates friends. I''eg*la's *f a sin"le land ele ent or a land or naval "roup includes any irre"ulars other than ,i- li"ht troops in "ood or rou"h "oin"! ,ii- 'avalry ,O- in "ood "oin"! or ,iii- a "eneral)s ele ent! and eitherH 8erforms any evolution of those listed in (d) immediately above. Moves other than straight ahead unless contacting an enemy front edge or )heeling 9see p.5+: 3alts to prevent spontaneous advance or the start of a rout! unless 9i: #eyond a river fro ! or uphill of! the nearest kno+n ene y! or 9ii: foot entirely in rou"h or difficult "oin". Mo+e in l*des Em3a'Bing o' Disem3a'Bing -or each ounted ele ent e #arkin" +ith their
70
,d-
,e-
,/-
ounts or train ele ent e #arkin" or dise #arkin".
TACTICAL4 MARCH4 SPONTANEOUS AND OUTCOME MO7ES AND HALTS Ta ti al Mo+es and Ma' h Mo+es are voluntary oves #y an ele ent or "roup of ele ents in their o+n side)s #ound and e2pend P*Ps. An ele ent can either take part in 1 tactical ove or 1 halt per #ound or in as any arch oves in any #ound as there are P*Ps availa#le for. An ele ent prevented fro ovin" to its front #y terrain or troops is said to #e 3lo Bed5 March ove ent differs fro tactical in that 9there #ein" no ene y posin" a serious threat near #y:! it is assu ed to #e continuous and to include ove ent durin" the precedin" ene y #ound. *t is not possi#le off( road at ni"ht in difficult "oin". A March ove ust start further than 9&&( fro all kno+n ene y not li"ht troops or #eyond a friendly P- or $-. *t ends early +ithout P*P penalty 9&( short of visi#le ene y other than Psiloi or at its closest approach to ene y +ho +ill shoot at it that #ound. S(ontaneo*s Mo+es are involuntary /pontaneous Advance or 4out oves in their o+n side)s #ound. oves in either
O*t ome Mo+es are involuntary or optional Press -or+ard! 4ecoil! 4epulse! -lee or Pursue side)s #ound as a conse1uence of co #at or the tri""erin" of a fei"ned fli"ht.
Halts are voluntary te porary cessations of ove ent e2pendin" P*Ps used to prevent spontaneous advances! routs or naval driftin". ?o ele ent can #oth halt and ove in the sa e #ound. A halt is not a ove. SINGLE ELEMENT MO7ES A tactical or arch ove #y a sin"le ele ent other than of =2penda#les! .ar .a"ons or /hipsH 'an #e in any direction provided that neither front corner of its #ase ends ore than the troop(type)s a2i u per itted ove distance fro +here that corner started. 'an #e replaced #y dis ountin" or re ountin" the ele ent! e2cept for ounted infantry +ho do so auto atically. =le ents in ed"e contact +ith ene y cannot dis ount and cannot re ount +ith a tactical ove! #ut do so auto atically if fleein" or routin". 'an include e #arkin" on or dise #arkin" fro naval in ed"e contact +ith a #each! 1uay or river#ank! startin" or endin" +ith its front ed"e +ithin tactical ove of the naval ele ent. *f ounted troops! this includes dis ountin" or ountin". An ele ent cannot dise #ark +here ene y land troops are in contact +ith the +ater)s ed"e! in +hich case co #at ust #e fou"ht #y the naval ele ent until the ene y recoil! flee! rout or are destroyed. *t can dise #ark to contact ene y +ho are positioned a+ay fro the ed"e! these #ein" oved #ack if necessary to ake roo . /in"le ele ents of =2penda#les! .ar .a"ons or /hips can only ove for+ard or chan"e direction #y a pivot or +heel of less than 8;H4 or a turn of 160M. A pivot is a rotation #y a sin"le ele ent around a stationary front corner. A +heel is a rotation either (a) around a moving front corner by a single element moving along a road or river or s(irting the edge of a terrain feature, or (") around a stationary or moving front corner by a "roup. GROUP MO7ES A "roup is defined as a nu #er of conti"uous ele ents of the sa e co and +hich! e2cept as ade necessary #y +heelin" or turnin" a colu n or passin" throu"h a "ate+ay! are facin" in the sa e direction +ith each in #oth ed"e and corner(to(corner contact +ith another of the "roup)s ele ents. A "roup only 1 ele ent +ide is a colu n. A "roup includin" =2penda#les cannot include ele ents of other types unless in a colu n. >roups are te porary. *f the +hole of a "roup cannot ove! so e of its ele ents ay #e a#le to ove as a s aller "roup or 9unless currently providin" rear support in close co #at: as individual ele ents. 'onversely! a "roup or sin"le ele ent can ove to %oin other ele ents and ake its ne2t ove as a "roup includin" these. A "roup ove cannot e2ceed the a2i u ove distance of its slo+est ele ent. Cnless ovin" laterally to for or e2pand fro a colu n or turnin"! its ele ents ust each ove parallel to! or follo+! the first of the to ove! or +heel throu"h the sa e an"les. *t cannot start in contact +ith an ene y ele ent)s front ed"e! or include chan"es in fronta"e! turns or ove ent to the "roup)s rear e2cept as #elo+! nor any side+ays or o#li1ue ove ent e2cept to line up in front ed"e co #at! nor ountin"! dis ountin"! dise #arkin" or e #arkin".
71
An entire "roup tactical or arch ove can #e used instead toH E0(and /'om a ol*mn5 $he front ele ent re ains stationary. Ather ele ents ove as if #y sin"le ele ent oves. All ust end facin" the sa e direction and in #oth ed"e and corner(to(corner contact +ith another ele ent of the ori"inal "roup. ?one can end in ed"e or corner contact +ith ene y. All front rank ele ents ust #e lined up level +ith the ori"inal front rank ele ent. Cont'a t o' t*'n C&H into a ol*mn5 $he future front ele ent of the colu n either oves for+ard or pivots L0M and oves to+ards its for er flank. *t oves the full tactical ove distance of the slo+est ele ent in the "roup! includin" any #onus for ovin" alon" a road. *t can +heel. $he other ele ents ove +ithout easurin" individually! the nearest ele ents fallin" in #ehind the colu n! any others ovin" to close up any resultin" "aps. ?o ele ent can ove ore than 9&&( or end further to the rear than it started. Cntil a ont'a ting g'o*( is entirely in colu n! each of its ele ents ust end facin" the sa e direction as and in #oth ed"e and corner(to(corner contact +ith another ele ent of the ori"inal "roup. ?one can end touchin" ene y. *t ay take ore than 1 ove for all of a contractin" "roup to %oin in the colu n. =le ents still in the "roup #ut not yet in the colu n can ove only side+ays. T*'n C&H /'om a st'aight ol*mn into a line5 $he lead ele ent of the colu n pivots L0M a#out a front corner. Ather ele ents ali"n on its near flank! not e2tendin" past the ori"inal rear of the colu n unless it is revertin" to its previous for ation. $he ele ents end 1 rank deep if =lephants! =2penda#les! train or naval! 1(2 ranks deep if other ounted! 2(8 as nearly e1ual as possi#le ranks deep if foot. Cnless e2pandin" fro a colu n! a "roup ove can include only these chan"es of directionH 1 +heel 2(6 ele ents +ide of up to L0M! easurin" the ove distance of the outer front corner in a strai"ht line. Any nu #er of +heels if a colu n. 1 initial or final 9#ut not #oth: 160M turn if the "roup is either disheartened! entirely re"ular land or unless a "eneral: entirely 'avalry andDor li"ht troops. $he ele ents #eco in" its front ed"e ust end in utual side ed"e and front corner contact. Measure ove distance initial front ed"e to final rear ed"e. =ach ele ent of a colu n +heels in succession on arrival at the place +here the first +heeled. Cntil all have done so! the colu n +ill have a #end at that point! #ut each ele ent is still treated as if lined up #ehind that in front. Anly the front ele ent)s ove is easured! the other ele ents #ein" treated as if ovin" the sa e distance. A "roup ove ust #e in or into a colu n ifH $hrou"h a "ate+ay or leavin" a $-! or entirely alon" a road! or across a road ford or #rid"e. =nterin" or endin" the ove in difficult "oin"! unless the "roup is entirely Psiloi or it oves into close co #at +ith ene y any of +ho are visi#le at the start of the ove. TACTICAL AND MARCH MO7E DISTANCES $he ma0im*m distan e ,(- that any sin"le ele ent)s or "roup)s front corners can Onl) i/ ma' hing enti'el) along a 'oad5 ove! isH
No'mal5 I/ 'ea hing o' ending mo+e in. Ro*gh Di//i *lt Going5 Going5 ?"& "9& "&& "&& $%& $%& <& ?"& $%& 280 1<0 1<0 200 1<0 60 80 ( ( 1<0 60 60 1<0 60 0 ( 1<0 60
@i"ht 3orse. 'avalry or 'a elry. =lephants! Ini"hts or =2penda#les. Au2ilia or Psiloi. /pears! Pikes! Blades! .ar#and! Bo+s! /hot or 3ordes. .ar .a"ons! Artillery e2cept ,S-! land Ba""a"e. Artillery ,S-. ?aval e2cept ,1?aval if ,1-
<80 860 800 800 800 800 280
3o+everH $roops "raded as -ast ,!- add an e2tra 9&( to their arch! tactical! spontaneous! repulse! flee or press for+ard ove off(road if either ounted troops ovin" entirely in "ood "oin" or others in any "oin". ?o ove can e2ceed a2i u uno#structed visi#ility distance for the ti e of day and +eather.
72
SPONTANEOUS AD7ANCE /o e troops can ove i petuously +ithout a specific order #y a "eneral. $his ay reflect initiative #y local co anders 9so eti es even re"ulars: follo+in" a standard operational procedure not needin" an individual order #y a "eneralG or in the e2tre e case! undisciplined diso#edience #y hairy #ar#arians not successfully restrained. /uch troops are im(et*o*s on land until #roken or the cause ceasesG and until then +ill advance! auto atically rene+ co #at or chase #roken ene y unless controlled. $hey areH =2penda#les. *rre"ular ele ents of ( Ini"hts ,S-! ,O- or ,!- J#ut not ,1-K! @i"ht 3orse ,S-4 'a elry ,S-! Blades ,!-! /pears ,O-! 3ordes ,S- or ,!-! and all .ar#and. Mounted i petuous foot re ain i petuous. 4e"ular Ini"hts ,!- #ased as a sin"le(ele ent +ed"e. Psiloi +hile affected #y the $N of ene y foot! unless friends intervene. A sin"le ele ent of re"ular cavalry placed alone in a #ush 9as a "lo#us: that has not yet oved. Any ele ents other than train that are a+are of #roken or shattered ene y closer than 9&&(! or a+are of an ene y fei"ned fli"ht closer than 9&&( and have not #een halted! or +ould contact ene y Ba""a"e. $roops that crossed a hidden o#stacle this #ound! or that are in a river unless fleein". * petuous ele ents ust ake a spontaneous advance as either indi+id*al elements o' a ol*mn unlessH $hey #elon" to the co and of a "eneral +ho isD+as inert or is an unco itted unrelia#le ally. $hey have oved 9unless across a hidden o#stacle: or #een halted this #ound! or are in close co #at. $hey are foot that +ould cross fortifications fro the inside. $hey are in difficult "oin" or in a #ush! have not yet oved durin" the #attle! and choose not to ove. $hey are overlappin" an ene y ele ent! and choose not to ove. $hey are ounted that +ould contact ene y fortifications or enter difficult "oin" other than -A. $hey are Ini"hts that +ould contact =lephants or 'a elry. $heir co and is at least partly disheartened. ?one of the directions #elo+ is possi#le A spontaneous advance does not e2pend P*Ps. *ts direction ust #e any ofH /trai"ht ahead! #ut only if it "oes further fro its side)s rear #attlefield ed"e or closer to visi#le ene y. Cnless in colu n #ehind another ovin" ele ent! to ove its front ed"e into contact or overlap +ith the closest ene y ele ent in reach part of +hich is directly in front! or if there is none! +ith the closest visi#le ene y ele ent in reach any part of +hich is in front of a line e2tendin" its rear ed"e. Directly to+ards the ene y Ba""a"e or routin" ele ent that is visi#le closer than 9&&( +hich is ost nearly strai"ht ahead. 'ontinuin" alon" a road! #attlefield ed"e or the ed"e of a terrain feature if this +ill take it closer to the ene y rear #attlefield ed"e. A spontaneous advance ust #e the full per itted tactical ove distance! e2cept that the ele ent or colu nH Moves an e2tra <&( if ovin" strai"ht ahead in "ood "oin" +ithout endin" in any contact +ith ene y. Moves dou#le distance if this +ill contact ene y routers. Must reduce its ove #y appro2i ately #2$&( if needed to avoid endin" in front corner(to(front corner contact +ith friends! unless its front ed"e contacts ene y or +ill overlap ene y. * ediately pivots less than L0M to end facin" in the sa e direction as a friendly ele ent it contacts that is in close co #at or that it cannot pass throu"h! or is any i petuous ele ent that has oved this #ound. $his per its a ass spontaneous advance to #e redirected #y a tactical ove of one of its leadin" ele ents in the ne+ direction! to +hich the other spontaneous ele ents +ill "radually confor . $his is the e1uivalent of ,$here they areR -ollo+ eR0 * ediately pivots on its front corner to end parallel to an ene y ele ent this eets. =nds its ove +hen it ,a- contacts friends it cannot pass throu"h or ene y! ,3- pivots to confor to friends or ene y it contacts! , - is <&( or less fro ounted ene y it can shoot at! ,d- its front ed"e reaches a #attlefield ed"e! or ,e- it is at the centre of an ene y BCA. Bein" spontaneous or the ove endin" does not alter the o#li"ation to conform in an ene y $N 9see p.72:. * petuous troops that cannot ove spontaneously ust use a tactical ove or stay in place. *f 2 or ore
77
ele ents
ust advance spontaneously thatDthose in front
ove first.
78
HALTS A halt is re1uired only to prevent any of the follo+in" for the current #oundH An i petuous ele ent or "roup #ein" forced to ake spontaneous advanceDs. A naval ele ent fro driftin" on to a lee shore in stron" +inds and #ein" ship+recked. An ele ent or "roup that has not previously routed of a #roken co and fro routin". A halt is not a ove! even if it includes such a turn! so is unaffected #y "oin". oved spontaneously and troops that have previously routed cannot halt.
=2penda#les that have previously
ARRI7AL O! DELAYED OR !LAN6 MARCHING COMMANDS A ra+ P*P dice score of < #y a delayed or flank archin" co and indicates the i ediate arrival of a delayed co and on its rear #attlefield ed"e at least <&&( fro side ed"es! or the arrival of a flank archin" co and th in its ne2t #ound. After its side)s < #ound! the score needed #y any #ut an allied co and chan"es to ; or <. *f either side has used the Dela)ed Sta't strata"e ! all flank arches and delayed co ands arrive on a score 1 less. A short hook ordered #y a Brilliant '(in(' as a !lanB Atta B strata"e arrives on a score 1 less. A co and includin" a Brilliant "eneral can also arrive on a score 1 less! #ut if he does it e2pends 1 of his 2 #rilliant strokes. An *nert "eneral +ill not arrive until he akes the correct score a 2 nd ti e. A flank arch)s flank of arrival is i ediately declared and the opponent asked if he also has a flank arch on that flank. *f #oth sides have a flank arch on that flank! the t+o co ands) total nu #ers of ele ents includin" Ba""a"e are co pared. A s aller flank arch is driven #ack. Both are driven #ack if e1ual si&ed. A s aller flank arch arrives in its ne2t #ound. A lar"er flank arch arrives in its ne2t su#se1uent #ound! #ein" assu ed to have #een delayed #y the s aller co and)s initial resistance. =1ual flank arches arrive in their ne2t #ound after one of the has a further ra+ P*P score of <. Any train of a driven(#ack unsuccessful flank arch are lost. *ts re ainin" ele ents can arrive any+here in its side)s o+n half of the specified flank ed"e. Any ele ents +ithout P*Ps to do so are lost. Cnopposed or lar"er flank arches arrive any+here in the opposin" side)s half of the specified flank ed"e! andDor 9if #y land and the arrival score +as <: the nearest 9&&( of its rear ed"e. Ba""a"e arrives last. -ront rank ele ents arrivin" #y tactical or arch ove easure their ove fro the #attlefield ed"e. Any +hose #ase depth e2ceeds their a2i u ove distance are placed +ith their rear #ase ed"e on the #attlefield ed"e. ?o ele ent can arrive inside a BCA! nor have part of its #ase over the #attlefield ed"e. A''i+al 3) I#pre$$ed %hippin A flan( march by naval elements can arrive on any suitable navigable )ater feature, but impressed shipping only by sea. =ach ele ent on i pressed shippin" dices once and ust score at least 2 to arrive. $he score needed is increased #y 1 in stron" +inds or fo"G and #y 2 if ene y naval ele ents present e2ceed half yours and there are no stron" +inds or fo". =le ents landin" fro i pressed shippin" are placed +ith their rear ed"e on a #each or 1uay! any ene y contacted akin" roo . Mounted and train cannot ove that bound, and are penalized in combat that bound and ne0t as if in difficult going. -oot can ake sin"le ele ent oves. St'aggle's Any ele ents arrivin" #y land that fail to ove on to the #attlefield in the #ound of arrival are stra""lin". /tra""lin" ele ents are lost if their co and is already #roken or +as driven #ack. Ather stra""lers ust arrive in the ne2t #ound in +hich their co and)s P*P score is sufficient for the to ove clear of the ed"e. /tra""lers cannot #e kept off the #attlefield if P*Ps can #e used to ove the on. A''i+al S*'('ise Any ene y ele ent less than 9&&( fro and in si"ht of the place of arrival on a flank ed"e of any non(stra""ler ele ent of an unopposed or lar"er land flank arch ust i ediately flee as directly as terrain per its a+ay fro that flank ed"e! unless either inside a fortified BCA! in close co #at or concealed in a #ush.
7;
MO7ING THROUGH GAPS OR PASSING THROUGH !RIENDLY TROOPS $here are only 2 instances in +hich an ele ent can even partly enter a space insufficient for its o+n fronta"e #et+een any ofH ele ents! fortifications! i passa#le terrain or a #attlefield ed"e. *f it can le"ally interpenetrate such an ele ent in the direction it is ovin". $o for ! or e2it fro +ithin! a colu n or slide side+ays to line up in front ed"e(to(front ed"e co #at. =le ents +ithin or enterin" a 1 ele ent +ide "ap #et+een the side ed"es of 2 ene y ele ents can pivot L0M into front ed"e(to(flank ed"e contact +ith one of those ele ents. Ather+ise! such ele ents can only ove directly to their o+n front or rear and any re ainin" ove ust #e in the sa e direction. ?o ele ent can interpenetrate friends if these are #lockin" its arch alon" a road! or in a river! or in contact +ith an ene y ele ent)s front ed"e. Ather+ise! troops that ove strai"ht for+ard or strai"ht #ack +hile passin" throu"h and not in spontaneous advance are per itted the follo+in" interpenetrations of friendsH Mounted 9and ele ents dou#le(#ased +ith the : that are not recoilin" or #ein" pushed #ack can pass throu"h @i"ht 3orse or any foot e2cept Pikes or 3ordes! if facin" the sa e or opposite direction. 4e"ular @i"ht 3orse or re"ular 'avalry repulsed throu"h re"ular 'avalry facin" the sa e direction. Psiloi can pass throu"h any land troops facin" in the sa e or opposite directionG or recoil or #e repulsed throu"h any facin" other directions to end directly to the rear of these and facin" the sa e +ay. 4e"ular Blades can pass throu"h re"ular Blades facin" in the sa e or opposite direction. Au2ilia or Bo+s e2cept ,1- can pass throu"h Blades facin" in the sa e direction. Mounted or foot can pass throu"h train that are at L0M to their o+n direction and only 1 ele ent deep! or that are facin" in the sa e or opposite direction #ut are not on the sa e road Boats can pass or #e passed throu"h #y naval facin" the sa e or opposite direction. =le ents akin" a spontaneous advance pass throu"h any friends in their path e2cept Pikes at least 7 ele ents deep or =lephantsG unless the friends are ,a- in close co #at! ,3- in a position to "ive rear or overlap support this #ound or ne2t! , - in a river! or ,d- i petuous troops that already oved this #ound. .hen a spontaneous advance or routin" ele ent passes throu"h any troops e2cept train! the follo+in" si ultaneous events occurH =le ents passed throu"h #y =2penda#les or =lephants flee. Ather i petuous troops that have not yet oved this #ound follo+ #ehind in spontaneous advance. Ather non(i petuous troops are spent if passed throu"h #y Ini"hts or #y 'a elry ,S-! other+ise recoil as each successive ele ent passes throu"h. $roops of a #roken co and passed throu"h #y routers %oin #ehind the in rout. An ele ent that +ill not clear the #ase of a friendly ele ent it passes throu"h stops at that ele ent)s near ed"e if the ove +ould end in contact +ith ene y and is not a spontaneous advance. Ather+ise it is placed i ediately #eyond the first such ele ent! other friends ovin" #ack to ake roo . Any ele ents follo+in" it stop at the first friendly ele ent)s near ed"e. /uch split(off ele ents are no lon"er part of the ori"inal "roup. THREAT =ONE $he space i ediately in front of an ele ent in +hich real life opponents +ould risk #ein" char"ed suddenly at a disadvanta"e if they atte pted to anoeuvre is called the $hreat None J$NK. *t e2tends <&( directly for+ard of a visi#le ene y ele ent)s front ed"e. Any ove that +ill reach! enter or starts in an ene y $N ust #e only toH @ine up opposite or in front ed"e(to(front ed"e co #at +ith the $N(in" ele ent ost directly in front. *f the only ene y ele ents +hose $N affects it are to its rear! turn 160M. @ine up in close co #at +ith an ene y front ed"e its front ed"e has contacted. Move as far as possi#le strai"ht for+ard +ithout contactin" any ene y e2cept front ed"e(to(front ed"e. -ollo+ or ove into rear support #ehind friends at least partly directly in front. *f not in close co #at! ove only strai"ht #ack +ithout contactin" an ene y ed"e or corner. An ene y land ele ent)s $N has no effect ifH *t is 3ordes ,I-! Ba""a"e or a routin" ele ent. $here is any part of a +ater feature or a friendly fortification or o#stacle #et+een. Bour ele ent is defendin" the ed"e of a terrain feature.
7<
Bour ele ent is
akin" an outco e
ove or other+ise fleein" or routin".
77
MO7ING INTO CLOSE COMBAT $roops that +ould ove into close co #at in real life ust do so in the "a e. >eo etric ploys cannot #e used to prevent contact. *f a ovin" side)s ele ents cannot line up in co #at +ith ene y #ecause of a #lockin" enemy element in close combat or providing rear support or friendly element, the ove is ille"al. *f it is any other ene y! it ust #e oved out of the +ay #y ovin" it #ehind another! shiftin" it side+ays or pivotin" it. An ele ent initiates close combat )ith enemy by moving its front edge into contact 9+hether #y a tactical or spontaneous ove! #y a arch that contacts Psiloi! #y pressin" for+ard or #y pursuin"! or #y ad%ustin" an e2istin" contact +ith an ene y flank or ene y contactin" its flank: )ith the ene y)sH !'ont edge. Both front corners of the initiatin" ele ent ust end touchin" the ene y front corners! e2cept. *f a "roup contacts a s aller ene y "roup entirely of @i"ht 3orse andDor Psiloi! or can line up +ith only so e of the ele ents it contacts! the ene y ust confor instead. *f a "roup contacts part of a sin"le ene y ele ent)s front ed"e or an ele ent or colu n enterin" a "ap contacts an ene y ele ent or "roup! the ene y ust confor instead. .hen an ele ent contacts an ene y front ed"e! #ut is o#structed fro linin" up front corner(to(front corner #y other ene y ele ents! a fortification or i passa#le terrain! the ene y contacted or o#structin" linin" up ust confor instead if they can. !lanB edge. $he initiatin" ele ent ust start either entirely on the opposite side of a line prolon"in" that flank ed"e! or partly on the opposite sides of lines prolon"in" #oth flank and rear ed"e. *t ust end in front ed"e and front corner(to(front corner contact. $he initiatin" ele ent ust start at least partly on the opposite side of a line prolon"in" that rear ed"e. Both front corners ust end touchin" the ene y rear corners. $he initiatin" ele ent ust #e part of a "roup that oved only strai"ht for+ard. =ither the ene y ele ent or "roup contacted ust i ediately pivot or +heel andDor shift side+ays as needed to end in front ed"e contact! or the +hole "roup re ain stationary. *f it re ains stationary! the contacted ele ent fi"hts as if in front ed"e co #at +ith that contactin" it and overlapped once on its outer corner. 'orner contact cannot #e ade +ith ele entsH Af a type that does not turn to face flank contact. Defendin" fortifications or the ed"e of a terrain feature.
Rea' edge. Co'ne'.
A corner or rear ed"e cannot #e oved into any ene y contact! or a flank ed"e e2cept +ith a flank ed"e or if the front ed"e also oves into co #at. -oot cannot ove into any contact +ith ounted ene y they can shoot at. $rain cannot ove to contact ene y troop ele ents or fortifications! e2cept that .." ,S- can contact fortifications other than to+ers and .." ,1- can contact troops. E1TRA MO7EMENT TO LINE UP IN CLOSE COMBAT OR IN A T= A contactin"! contacted or $N(ed ele ent or "roup that is not lined *( moves up to an e2tra 1 #ase +idth 9<&(: to do so if the e0tra movement is used onl) to line *( +ith an ene y front! flank or rear ed"e 9or fortification: #y ,a- a side+ays shift andDor ,3- +heelin"G or to , - shorten "roup fronta"e #y 1 ele ent +idth #y ovin" #locked ele ents the ini u distance to end i ediately #ehind others! or ,d- si ilarly ove a #lockin" ele ent. $his can #e in either side)s #ound! is e2tra to nor al a2i u ove! and e2pends no e0tra P*Ps. TYPES O! COMBAT Distant Com3at is li ited to those troop types that historically shot collectively at lon" ran"e and their tar"ets. *t includes all collective shootin" on co and #y for ed #odies of archers or hand "unners! artillery or naval vessels at #odies of troops #eyond the ran"e at +hich shootin" at individuals is possi#le. $he ran"es allo+ed are #ased on effective ilitary ran"es found in conte porary sources or esta#lished #y e2peri ent +ith reproduction +eapons to allo+ a si"nificant effect. /hootin" at lon"er ran"e +ith only a inor orale effect or sprinklin" of casualties is disre"arded for the sake of speed and si plicity. Close Com3at includes not only hand(to(hand fi"htin" usin" ed"ed or pointed +eapons! #ut also all shootin" #y ounted archers! %avelin en and others that shot at close ran"e! or at char"in" ene y. Any shootin" at "reater ran"e #y ounted troops or skir ishers is too diffuse to destroy or recoil an ele ent and is allo+ed for
76
only in increased caution or incentive to char"e.
7L
DISTANT COMBAT =le ents of Artillery! Bo+s! /hot! .ar .a"ons ,S- or ,O-4 =lephants ,1-! /hips ,S-! ,O- or ,1-! >alleys and Boats ,S- of an ar y includin" en +ith #o+s! or ,1- can shoot at any 1 ene y ele ent that is a valid tar"et. An ele ent can shoot up to once per #ound as either a ('ima') or aiding shooter An ele ent that can shoot ust do so. ?ote that all artillery can no+ shoot in #oth ene y and friendly #ounds Shooting 8hile Mo+ing Artillery and Boats ,1- cannot shoot if they oved this #ound Ja pivot is a oveK or are routin". Artillery ,Scannot shoot if it oved on land or dise #arked in any of its side)s 7 previous #ounds. .ar .a"ons e2cept ,Scannot shoot fro a front ed"e if they oved. ?o troops can shoot that arched! fled! routed or are +adin". Shooting Edge $he #ase ed"e shot fro is the ,shootin" ed"e0. $his can #e a front or flank ed"e if .ar .a"ons! Artillery ,Oon +a"ons! /hips ,S- or Boats ,S-! any ed"e if annin" a P- to+er! other+ise only the front ed"e. 7alid Ta'gets An ele ent is a valid tar"et if any part of it is visi#le +ithin O a #ase +idth of strai"ht ahead of any part of the shootin" ed"e! at least 2 of its corners are in front of a line e2tendin" the shootin" ed"e! and it is +ithin ran"e. /hootin" is not per itted at or #y an ele ent that is in close co #at or the ne2t conti"uous ele ent to its rear. /hootin" at ele ents further to its rear is per itted. Averlaps can shoot and #e shot at. /hootin" is also not allo+ed unless either ,a- a 9&( len"th of any 1 tar"et ed"e or of 2 ed"es %oined at a corner or ,3- a co plete flank ed"e! is e2posed #et+een lines fro the corners of the shootin" ed"e to the correspondin" ends of the tar"et ed"e section +ithout crossin" any ele ent or each other! e2cept thatH A conti"uous 2nd rank ele ent of ,a- Bo+s or /hot lined up directly #ehind pri ary shooters of the sa e co and +ith the sa e +eapon and of the sa e "rade! or ,3- of Bo+s ,S-! ,O- or ,I- dou#le( #ased #ehind Bo+s ,1-! can shoot only over the to aid their shootin" countin" the sa e ran"e! provided neither is in difficult "oin". Artillery ,!-! =lephants ,1-! Artillery on a hill and hi"her! .ar .a"ons ,S- or /hips ,1- can shoot over ,a- ene y +ho are not a valid tar"et! or ,3- friendly foot ore than l%&( fro the tar"et. Artillery or a sin"le rank of Bo+s or /hot can shoot fro a P- over any friends #elo+. $-! P- or troops annin" the cannot #e shot over e2cept fro hi"her P-. Artillery can choose to i"nore or shoot overDthrou"h ene y Psiloi. Ta'get Choi e A tar"et ele ent ust shoot #ack at the shooter if it can. Both are then pri ary shooters. Ather+ise! Bo+s and /hot can only shoot at the valid tar"et not already #ein" shot at #y 7 ele ents +hich is ost directly in front of their shootin" ed"e 9i.e. closest to a line perpendicular to the centre of that ed"e:. *f apparently e1ually so! the shooter dices to decide +hich! and the shooters ele ent or "roup is sli"htly oved accordin"ly to indicate this in future. *f this is i possi#le! the opposin" "roup ust #e oved or the theoretical ali"n ent #e re e #ered. Shooting Range Ma2i u ran"e is <&( for /hot! "9&( for Artillery ,I-! Bo+s! .ar .a"ons! >alleys! /hips and Boats ,S-! 9<&( for other Artillery. 4an"e is easured fro the nearest point of the shootin" ed"e of each front rank shootin" ele ent to the nearest point of the tar"et. 4an"e for shootin" at or #y troops defendin" a fortification is easured to and fro the fortification)s front ed"e. M*lti(le Shoote's *f a 2nd or 7rd ele ent shoots at a sin"le ene y ele ent! the additional ele ents aid the pri ary shooter instead of their shootin" #ein" resolved separately. More ele ents have no e2tra effect. $he pri ary shooter is the ele ent that +ill #e shot #ack at! or if none +ill #e shot #ack at! that no inated #y the shootin" player. *f a pri ary shooter +hose tar"et cannot shoot #ack is shot at #y a third party! this is resolved first as a separate co #at. *f the other shootin" is not prevented #y the co #at result! it uses the sa e dice score.
80
CLOSE COMBAT 'lose co #at occurs +hen an ele ent has oved into! or re ains in! front ed"e contact +ith an ene y ele ent 9or an intervenin" fortification or PA it is defendin" #ehind: in any of the +ays descri#ed in MAF*?> *?$A '@A/= 'AMBA$ on pa"e 77. $his is called #ein" in /'ont edge om3at. T*'ning To !a e Any ele ent e2cept train! Boats or =2penda#les that has #een so contacted only on its flank ed"e #y ene y ele ents) front ed"e9s:! and +hich is not in frontal co #at +ith an ene y front ed"e or providin" rear support to such a co #at! turns at the end of the ove ent phase to face +hichever flank attacker contacted it first. *f an ele ent)s front ed"e contacts the flanks of 2 or ore such ele ents! all these turn to face if that furthest in front ust do so! the second and su#se1uent ele ents ovin" to #ehind that in front. *f they +ere #ack to #ack! this continues. *f an ele ent or ele ents contacted in flank have insufficient roo to turn to face! the ene y ele ent ust ake roo #y ovin" #ack. *f this is i possi#le! #oth oves are cancelled. .hen an ele ent contacted on #oth flanks turns to face one of the ! the other ene y oves into contact +ith its rear. *f the front ed"e of the first of 2 or ore ele ents contacted in flank #y a sin"le ene y ele ent is already in co #at a"ainst an ene y front ed"e! the flank contact is treated as if on the flank of the front ele ent. An ele ent contacted #y an ene y front ed"e on its rear ed"e or contacted on #oth rear and flank ed"es! #ut not on its front ed"e! does not turn #efore co #at! #ut unless =2penda#les 9+hich are destroyed: or of a shattered co and turns 160M after co #at 9#ut #efore any pursuit: if its total is e1ual or hi"her. $rain and Boats do not turn to face ene y! #ut count the ed"e first contacted #y an ene y front ed"e as their front ed"e! and! if train! any other ed"e in contact +ith an ene y front or side ed"e as a side ed"e. O+e'la(s An ele ent is overlappin" an ene y ele ent if the ene y ele ent is in frontal co #at and the overlapper is inH Both side ed"e and front corner(to(front corner contact +ith a friendly ele ent in front ed"e(to(front or rear ed"e co #at +ith the ene y ele ent or a separatin" PA and at least the nearest part of its o+n front ed"e is free of contact +ith any ene y or friendly ele ent. /ide ed"e contact +ith that ene y ele ent)s side ed"e! even if it is itself in contact +ith a friendly or ene y ele ent to its front. $+o opposin" ele ents in contact on their side ed"es overlap each other. An ele ent overlappin" or in front ed"e contact +ith the flank or rear ed"e of an ene y ele ent +hich is fi"htin" to its front inflicts an adverse tactical factor. *t can overlap t+o ene y ele ents on opposite flanks! or ele ents e2posed #y its o+n frontal opponents havin" recoiled! fled or #een spent! repulsed or destroyed that #ound. An ele ent counts only one (1 tactical factor on each flank for that flank #ein" overlapped or contacted #y an ene y front ed"e. Ather than +hen /$A4M*?> -A4$*-*'A$*A?/ 9see P.82:! overlaps are i"nored ifH $he overlappin" ele ent is Artillery. $he overlappin" ele ent is =lephants and that aided is not =lephants or foot. $he overlappin" or overlapped ele ent or that aided are =2penda#les. $he overlapped ele ent is ounted troops fi"htin" in its o+n #ound! and #oth ,a- the overlappin" ele ent is foot other than Bo+s Jincludin" ,1-K! and ,3- they are not in utual flank ed"e contact. $he overlapped ele ent is Ini"hts #ased in a re1uired +ed"e! unless ,!- fi"htin" @i"ht 3orse. $he overlapped ele ent is .ar .a"ons. *f a .ar .a"ons! Artillery! Ba""a"e ,S- or Boats ele ent +ith a lon"er #ase ed"e currently actin" as its front ed"e is contacted on that ed"e #y 2 ene y ele ents! it fi"hts each in turn that #ound. *f only half the ed"e is currently in contact! the attacker is overlapped. *n addition! any ele ent that is neither annin" a fortification nor of li"ht troops or Ba""a"e counts as overlapped in an ene y #ound if a #attlefield ed"e +ould prevent a real or hypothetical ene y ele ent ovin" into! or recoilin" fro ! an overlap position.
81
RESOL7ING DISTANT OR CLOSE COMBAT .hether in close co #at! shootin" or only shot at! each player dices for his ele ent! and adds its co #at factor! to"ether +ith any rear support! tactical and "radin" factors that apply. COMBAT !ACTORS $hese vary accordin" to your ele ent)s type and its opponent. In om3at against. =lephants! =2penda#les or /hot. Spears! Blades! Artillery if shootin"! or .ar .a"ons. Pikes. Bo+s if shootin" +ithout #ein" shot at that #ound. Bo+s in other circu stances. Ini"hts. 'avalry if in close co #at. 'avalry if #ein" shot at. .ar#and or Au2ilia. @i"ht 3orse! 'a elry! >alleys or /hips. Psiloi! 3ordes! Artillery unless shootin"! Ba""a"e or Boats. Any naval if troops dise #arked. Mo*nted5 I# P9 I9 I9 I? I? I" I" I$ Othe's5 I9 I9 I? I" I9 I? I? I" I$
CLOSE COMBAT REAR SUPPORT !ACTORS /o e troop types add to their nor al co #at factor in close co #at or deduct fro that of the ene y if supported to their rear #y ele ents of appropriate type and "rade of the sa e co and! lined up +ith the 9or ne2t in colu n: and facin" in the sa e directionG provided that no rank is in difficult "oin" or annin" 9or unless specifically entioned! assaultin": $- or P-. /upport arked o ust #e e2pressly per itted #y the official ar y list. I$ in enem) 3o*nd onl)4 i/. S(ea's supported #y a 2nd rank of /pears of the sa e or other e2pressly per itted "rade. T a"ainst =lephants! Ini"hts! 'a elry! Pikes! Blades or .ar#and. Blades :e0 e(t ,!- o' ,1-; supported #y a 2nd rank of Blades or /pears T a"ainst =lephants or Ini"hts. Blades ,S- o' ,O- supported #y a 2nd rank of Bo+ ,S- or ,O-H or vice versa ( a"ainst foot Reg*la' A*0ilia ,S- supported #y a 2nd rank of these ( a"ainst Ini"hts. BoJs supported #y a 2nd rank of Bo+sH of B+ ,S- or ,O- if supportin" dou#le(#ased Bo+s ,1- countin" as /pears! or of the sa e "rade +ith the sa e type of #o+ if supportin" Bo+s ,S-! ,O- or ,I-. Psiloi supported #y a 2nd rank of Psiloi ,O- 2 a"ainst @i"ht 3orse or Psiloi. o Ca+al') supported #y a 2nd rank of Psiloi ,S- or ,I- 2 a"ainst 'avalry or Ini"hts ,1-5 o S(ea's4 PiBes4 Blades and A*0ilia supported #y either a sin"le 2nd rank of Psiloi ,O- or ,S-! or Jif the 2nd rank is the sa e type as the 1stK a sin"le 7rd rank of Psiloi ,O- +ith #o+s ( a"ainst .ar#and or ounted troops e2cept Ini"hts ,1-. 2$ in enem) 3o*nd onl) i/. An) fi"htin" a"ainst Ini"hts or 'avalry that are re1uired to #e dou#le(#ased +ith ounted or foot. !oot ( if fi"htin" a"ainst @i"ht 3orse ,!- supported #y a 2nd rank of these. !oot e0 e(t Psiloi ( if fi"htin" a"ainst .ar#and that have a supportin" 2nd rank of .ar#and. !oot e0 e(t PiBes4 Blades4 8a'3and o' Psiloi ( if fi"htin" a"ainst ene y /pears ,S- or ,O- that are supported #y a 2nd rank of /pears of the sa e or other e2pressly per itted "rade. !oot :e0 e(t Psiloi; o' t'ain ( if fi"htin" in "ood "oin" a"ainst Pikes ,S-! ,O-! ,I- J#ut not ,1-K that have a supportin" consecutive 8th rank of Pikes! of the sa e "rade as the 2nd rank. I$ in an) 3o*nd i/. PiBes! for each supportin" consecutive 2nd or 7rd rank of Pikes Jof ,1- or ,I- if the 1st rank is ,1-! of ,Iif it is irre"ular ,O-! other+ise of the sa e "radeK ( unless fi"htin" a"ainst 'avalry! @i"ht 3orse! Psiloi or train. Shot supported #y a 2nd rank of /hot !oot supported #y a 2nd rank of any type of foot ( +hen assaultin" defended $- or P-.
82
TACTICAL !ACTORS Add to or su#tract fro scores for each of the follo+in" tactical factors that appliesH I? *f foot! Artillery or Ba""a"e ,O- annin" fortifications +hen shot at or +hen in front ed"e co #at across a P- parapet or $- a"ainst ene y outside! unlessH Mannin" P- and #ein" shot at #y Artillery ,S- fro less than $%&(. Mannin" $- and #ein" shot at #y /hot or any Artillery! or in close co #at +ith Psiloi ,1-. Mannin" P- or $- and in close co #at +ith or shot at #y a .ar .a"on ,S- or /hip ,1- to+er. *f in any close co #at or #ein" shot at! +hile not only annin" a P- #ut in a raised to+er. *f on a P- +all +alk in close co #at +ith ene y +ho are either escaladin" or cli #in" P- stairs. *f annin" a fortification +hich is also upslope and in close co #at a"ainst ene y outside. *f foot in close co #at in an ene y #ound +ith any of its front ed"e upslope of all the ene y ele ent. *f ounted in front ed"e co #at in "ood "oin" in its o+n #ound +ith any of its rear ed"e upslope of all the ene y ele ent. *f a Brilliant "eneral +ho declared a #rilliant stroke as he oved into close co #at this #ound. *f any "eneral either in close co #at or shot at. *f in close co #at +hile in ed"e or corner contact +ith o+n Ba""a"e ,S-5 *f a pri ary shooter aided #y another ele ent conti"uous #ehind it. -or each shootin" ele ent aidin" an ene y pri ary shooter other than fro conti"uous #ehind it. -or each flank overlapped andDor ene y ele ent in front ed"e co #at +ith a flank or rear ed"e. *f troops or terrain already in contact +ith its rear ed"e or rear corner +ould prevent any recoil. *f disadvanta"ed #y +eather 9see p.2;:. *f disheartened andDor #roken! and either in close co #at or shot at. *f shootin" at a tar"et ed"e that is entirely inside the ed"e of ,a- a BCA unless fortifications! or ,3- a cra""y or +ooded hill! +ood! orchard or olive or oasis pal "rove. *f .ar .a"ons that oved this #ound.
I" I$ I$ I$ I$ I" I$ I$ I$ 2$ 2$ 2$ 2$ 2$ 2$ 2$ 2$ 2$ 2" 2"
annin" its
*f Pikes ,!-! Blades! .ar#and ,S- or ,O- or 3ordes ,O- and in close co #at in di//i *lt "oin" a"ainst foot. *f ounted troops! /pears! Pikes e2cept ,!- or train and in close co #at in 'o*gh "oin". *f ounted troops! /pears! Pikes e2cept ,!- or train and in close co #at in di//i *lt "oin". *f ounted troops other than =lephants or @i"ht 3orse and in front ed"e co #at across PA.
GRADING !ACTORS 'o pare your ele ent)s total score 3e/o'e "radin" factors to that of its shootin" or frontal close co #at opponent 3e/o'e "radin" factors! then ad%ust it #yH I$ if /uperior ,S- troops +hose total score a"ainst any ene y 9e2cept =2penda#les! /hot or Artillery: isH eD*al o' mo'e if foot in close co #at in their o+n #ound a"ainst foot. eD*al o' less if ounted or foot and in close co #at in an ene y #ound a"ainst ounted. less if .ar .a"ons! Ba""a"e or naval and in close co #at. less if any shot at. if any troops +hose opponents are /uperior ,S- troops that score eD*al o' mo'e )hile either ,ashootin"! or ,3- ounted in close co #at in their o+n #ound. if *nferior ,I- troops +hose total score is less. if -ast ,!- troops +hose total score is less +hen shot at 9e2cept #y Artillery:! or in close co #at in an ene y #ound and eitherH Mounted fi"htin" a"ainst ounted. -oot! naval or train fi"htin" a"ainst any ene y.
87
2$ 2$ 2$
COMBAT OUTCOME ?o+ co pare the final totals of your ele ent and its opponent! then i ediately ake the outco e ove 9if any: specified #elo+. $his depends on your ele ent)s type and that of the ene y ele ent that is the pri ary shooter or in front ed"e(to(front ed"e co #at +ith it! #ut not that of ele ents aidin" shootin" at it! overlappin" it or of an ele ent in frontal contact +ith its flank or rear if another is in contact +ith its front. =le ents disre"ard outco es +henH /hootin" +ithout #ein" shot #ack at. *n close co #at a"ainst a flank ed"e of an ene y fi"htin" to its front or rear or a"ainst a rear ed"e. -i"htin" only as an overlap. 3o+ever! if the ele ent fi"htin" an ene y ele ent)s front is re1uired to recoil or flee! or is repulsed! spent or destroyed! a friendly ele ent in front ed"e contact +ith that ene y ele ent)s flank or rear recoils. I/ an elementKs total is mo'e than that o/ its o((onent. Press for+ard or pursue if andatory or if optional and player +ishes to. Ather+ise stand unless the e2ception #elo+ appliesH =2penda#les. Pursue strai"ht ahead.
I/ an elementKs total is eD*al to that o/ its o((onent. /tand unless one of the e2ceptions #elo+ applies. =2penda#les! /hot. 'avalry! @i"ht 3orse! Psiloi. Destroyed if in close co #at. 4epulsed if player chooses to.
I/ an elementKs total is less than that o/ its o((onent4 3*t mo'e than hal/. Destroyed if a ounted 9e2cept @i"ht 3orse: or foot ele ent +ith an ene y front ed"e in contact +ith its flank or in ed"e and corner(to(corner contact +ith its rear Destroyed if in a P- to+er and either shot at #y Artillery or in close co #at. 4ecoil if foot either in close co #at across other fortifications or assaultin" an undefended fortification section. Ather+ise! recoil unless one of the e2ceptions #elo+ appliesH =lephants. =2penda#les. Ini"hts. Destroyed #y li"ht troops! /hot! Artillery! or 'a elry ,1-. Destroyed. Destroyed #y =lephants! =2penda#les! 'a elry or Blades ,1-5 -lee if in close co #at a"ainst Bo+s or /hot. 4epulsed if in close co #at a"ainst other foot if its player chooses not to recoil.. Destroyed #y Ini"hts in ene y #ound and "ood "oin"! unless these are in )edge. 4epulsed fro Ini"hts or foot in o+n #ound if its player chooses not to recoil. -lee fro =2penda#les or 'a elry. -lee if in difficult "oin". -lee fro Ini"hts in ene y #ound! @i"ht 3orse of hi"her "rade! =2penda#les or Artillery. -lee if in difficult "oin" or if ene y front ed"e in contact +ith flank. 4epulsed #y Ini"hts in o+n #ound! foot or train if its player chooses not to recoil. Destroyed #y =2penda#les.
'avalry.
@i"ht 3orse.
'a elry.
/pears! Pikes. Destroyed #y =lephants. Destroyed #y Blades! .ar#and or Au2ilia ,S- if in ene y #ound. Destroyed #y =2penda#les! Ini"hts or 'a elry ,S- in ene y #ound if opponent in "ood "oin".
88
Blades.
Destroyed #y =lephants. Destroyed #y .ar#and if in ene y #ound. Destroyed #y =2penda#les! Ini"hts or 'a elry ,S- in ene y #ound if opponent in "ood "oin". Destroyed #y =lephants. Destroyed #y Blades or Psiloi ,S- if in ene y #ound. Destroyed #y =2penda#les! Ini"hts or 'a elry ,S- in ene y #ound if opponent in "ood "oin". Destroyed #y any ounted troops! .ar#and or .ar .a"ons.
.ar#and.
Bo+s. /hot. Au2ilia. Psiloi. Artillery. .ar .a"ons.
Destroyed if in close co #at. Destroyed #y =lephants! Ini"hts or 'a elry ,S- in ene y #ound if opponent in "ood "oin". Destroyed #y Ini"hts! 'avalry or 'a elry ,S- or ,O- in "ood "oin". 4epulsed fro close co #at in "ood "oin" a"ainst foot e2cept Psiloi. Destroyed if in close co #at. /tand and cannot ove or shoot until after o+n ne2t #ound if it +as shot at in distant co #at. Destroyed #y Artillery. Destroyed #y Psiloi if .ar .a"ons ,1-! or #y =lephants if not. Ather+ise stand unless ,S- in close co #at a"ainst troops annin" P-. Destroyed #y =2penda#les! Ini"hts or 'a elry ,S- in "ood "oin" or #y =lephants or .ar#and. -lee if in close co #at in a BCA. /tand if in close co #at 9unless in a BCA:! or if shot at #y Artillery or naval. /tand if /hips or in close co #at a"ainst =2penda#les. Destroyed if in contact +ith land and not fi"htin" =2penda#les. Destroyed #y any ene y in contact if ,I- or ,O-5 /tand if ,S-lee if ,!-. /tand if shot at and not ,!-
3ordes.
?aval. Ba""a"e.
I/ an elementKs total is hal/ o' less than hal/ that o/ the enem). Destroyed if an ene y front ed"e in contact +ith its flank or in ed"e and corner(to(corner contact +ith its rear 4ecoil if assaultin" an undefended fortification section. Ather+ise! destroyed unless one of the e2ceptions #elo+ applies. 'avalry. /pent if in close co #at +ith /pears! Pikes or Blades in o+n #ound if in "ood "oin". 4epulsed fro close co #at a"ainst any train e2cept Artillery ,I-lee fro naval. /pent if in close co #at in "ood or rou"h "oin" a"ainst foot! other than Psiloi ,O- or any Bo+s. /pent if in close co #at a"ainst! or shot at #y! train or naval. /pent if in close co #at in o+n #ound a"ainst Ini"hts. /pent if in close co #at in "ood or rou"h "oin" a"ainst foot! other than li"ht troops or any Bo+s -lee if in close co #at a"ainst! or shot at #y! train or naval. -lee if in close co #at a"ainst ounted troops +hile in rou"h or difficult "oin". /tand if in close co #at a"ainst =2penda#les. -lee fro shootin"! unless #y Artillery ,S- or in contact +ith land.
8;
@i"ht 3orse.
Psiloi.
?aval.
PRESSING !OR8ARD AGAINST SHOOTING An un#roken ele ent that scores ore in its o+n #ound than ene y shootin" at it and has not shot itself ay press for+ard. *f it is i petuous and scored t+ice as any as ene y shootin" at it! it ust press for+ard. *t and any friends lined up to its rear i ediately ove strai"ht for+ard its #ase +idth 9 <&(:! stoppin" if its front ed"e contacts friends. *f it contacts ene y or friends! it lines up +ith the . *f this involves ovin" side+ays! friends it started lined up +ith can also slide side+ays. DESTROYED ELEMENTS A destroyed ele ent is re oved. $his represents its en #ein" killed! disa#led or ade prisoner and survivors dispersin" and 1uittin" the field individually! or if naval! its vessels havin" #een sunk! #urned! captured! ship+recked or havin" li ped off crippled. Destroyed #a""a"e has #een pilla"ed and survivors scattered. .hen a naval ele ent is destroyed in co #at! all troops e #arked are also destroyed. $he e #arked troops of naval ship+recked on a #each #y stron" +inds are destroyed if =lephants! =2penda#les or train! per anently dis ounted if other ounted and are unaffected if foot. Ather ship+recked troops are al+ays destroyed. ?or ally! only a sin"le ele ent is destroyed. 3o+ever! +hen an ele ent other than Psiloi is destroyed +hile in close co #at! all friendly ele ents +ith any part directly #ehind are also destroyed if their nearest part is less than the destroyed ele ent)s #ase depth fro its ori"inal rear ed"e! andH $hey are foot! and the destroyed ele ent)s frontal opponent +as .ar#and. $hey are Bo+s or /hot and the destroyed ele ent)s frontal opponent +as =2penda#les or Ini"hts. $hey are Psiloi! 3ordes or Artillery and the ele ent i ediately in front is destroyed. $hey +ere re1uired #y their ar y list to #e dou#le(#ased +ith the destroyed ele ent. An ene y ele ent)s front ed"e is in contact +ith all of their side ed"e. $he destroyed ele ent +as =lephants or =2penda#les. SPENT ELEMENTS $his represents 'avalry! @i"ht 3orse and Psiloi that have e2hausted their issiles! coura"e! patience or horse)s sta ina! troops on i pressed shippin" that fails to arrive! and troops disrupted #y the passa"e of spontaneously advancin" friendly troops or +orn(out #y scoutin". /pent ele ents are re oved! #ut do not count as lost unless an ene y front ed"e is in contact +ith their flank or rear! or they are a "eneral)s ele ent! or their co and #eco es #roken. Distin"uish spent fro lost ele ents in the ,dead pile0 #y reversin" the . RECOILING ELEMENTS 4ecoilin" represents troops respondin" "radually to ene y pressure. A recoilin" ele ent oves #ack its #ase depth to its rear +ithout turnin"! or a #ase +idth if this is less or if fro off a P- +all +alk or #ack fro a $-. A recoilin" ele ent ends its recoil pre aturely if its rear ed"e or rear corner starts in contact +ith or eetsH friends it cannot pass throu"h or past or push #ack! an ene y ele ent 9neither has to confor :! the ed"e of an unfro&en +ater feature! or 9unless at a friendly controlled "ate+ay: a P- or $- it has not already crossed. A ounted or foot ele ent una#le to start a recoil is penali&ed in co #at! +hether or not recoil is a possi#le co #at outco e. *f a recoilin" ele ent eets a friendly ele ent facin" in the sa e direction it passes throu"h to the friendly ele ent)s rear if per itted to do so! other+ise if naval it pushes #ack naval! if land troops it pushes #ack any #ut =lephants! .ar .a"ons! Ba""a"e or naval. -riendly ele ents that +ould #e passed throu"h or pushed #ack #y recoilin" =lephants flee instead. Ba""a"e 9-: or 9*: recoiled into #y friends or ene y flee out of the +ay. An ele ent recoilin" either ,a- fro distant shootin" #y ene y ele ents! at least one of +hich is entirely #ehind an i a"inary line e2tendin" its rear #ase ed"eG or ,3- #ecause it is interpenetrated fro in front #y spontaneous friends! does not recoil! #ut instead turns 160M. $roops on a #rid"e that recoil fro naval turn and flee #ack to land. Boats on a river follo+ its curves. 4ecoil #y +aders that have turned to face Boats is prevented #y the river. $roops on a P- +all +alk recoil inside if annin" it! outside the +all if assaultin".
8<
PUSHED2BAC6 ELEMENTS An ele ent pushed(#ack #y recoilers oves strai"ht #ack until the recoiled ele ent has co pleted its recoil! or the pushed #ack ele ent earlier eets an ele ent or terrain feature that +ould have stopped a recoil. *f the front ele ent of a #ent colu n recoils! the colu n is pushed #ack around the #end. REPULSED ELEMENTS $his represents a se i(or"ani&ed retire ent as a #ody endin" out of contact #ut still for ed facin" the ene y and ready to attack a"ain. A repulsed ele ent first recoils. *f this does not push #ack friends it then oves strai"ht #ack until it is its full tactical ove fro its opponent! #ut only if it could do so +ithout contactin" friends it could not pass throu"h fully! an ene y ele ent or $N! terrain it could not enter or a #attlefield ed"e. !LEEING ELEMENTS -leein" represents a disor"ani&ed panic ove #y individuals. Dependin" on the circu stances! an ele ent fleein" fro H Com3at or at the start of a !eigned !light first recoils its #ase depth if it can! then turns 160M and continues ovin". *t is destroyed if it cannot co plete the initial recoil. !lanB Ma' he's or a Dela)ed A''i+al turns and oves directly a+ay fro the arrival ed"e if a land ele ent! to+ards its side)s rear ed"e if a naval ele ent. Re oiling Ele(hants turns and oves in the sa e direction as the recoilers After any initial recoil and turn! a fleein" ele ent ust chan"e direction as soon as possi#le #y the ini u necessary up to L0M to pass throu"h friends it contacts or to avoidH -riends it cannot pass throu"h or #y. * passa#le terrain. A #attlefield ed"e other than its side)s rear #attlefield ed"e 9or if it flank arched its ed"e of arrival:. =ndin" closer to any ene y ele ent not #eyond a river! unless it +ould then #e ore than <&&( a+ay. *t cannot chan"e direction if any such o#struction is visi#le in the ne+ direction +ithin 9&&(5 *t is destroyed #y ene y or i passa#le terrain it cannot so avoid. -riends it cannot pass throu"h or avoid are #urst throu"h and flee in front of it if after #oth had oved its front ed"e +ould #e ahead! other+ise #ehind it. Any land ele ents fleein" across a #rid"e or a fro&en +ater+ay! lake or river or fro&en arsh ust each dice each #ound and are destroyed #y dro+nin" unless they score 2 or ore. Mounted troops! dis ounted Ini"hts ,S- or ,O- and train are al+ays destroyed if they flee into an unfro&en arsh. A flee ove! includin" any initial recoil! is a full tactical ove distance for the "oin" in +hich it starts. *t is easured #et+een the nearest rear corners fro #efore the recoil to after the flee. Mounted infantry that have not lost or left their ounts flee and rout as 'a elry if on ca els! as 'avalry ,I- if not. An un#roken ele ent flees for 1 #ound only unless it suffers a ne+ cause of fli"ht. An ele ent that fled fro co #at +hile i petuous turns 160M at the end of the #ound. Any ele ent in fei"ned fli"ht turns at the end of the follo)ing enemy #ound. ROUTED ELEMENTS 4outin" represents a per anent disor"ani&ed panic fli"ht #y ele ents of a #roken co and that +ere not halted to prevent it. $hese turn and ove to+ards the nearest point on their rear #attlefield ed"e 9or ed"e of arrival if successfully flank arched:! e2cept that an ele ent of naval landin" troops oves instead to+ards the nearest unladen friendly naval ele ent capa#le of e #arkin" it if any e2ist! e #arks and continues routin". A rout ove is the sa e as a flee ove! e2cept that it is only in its o+n side)s #ounds and is t+ice the distance 9since it represents ove ent in #oth side)s #ounds:. An ele ent that has routed cannot #e halted or ake a tactical ove and continues to rout in each of its o+n side)s #ounds until it is destroyed or leaves the #attlefield. 4outin" dis ounted that still have their ounts re ount +ithout e2pendin" P*Ps.
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PURSUING ELEMENTS *f its close co #at opponents recoil! flee! rout or are destroyed J#ut not repulsed or spentK! an un#roken ele ent of =lephants! Ini"hts e2cept sin"le(#ased ,1-! 'avalry! Pikes! Blades! /pears J#ut not Bo+s ,1-K! Au2ilia! +aders! naval or i petuous troops! i ediately pursues strai"ht ahead either ,a- its #ase depth! ,3- its #ase +idth 9<&(:! or , - until it akes front ed"e or front corner to ed"e contact +ith closer ene yG unlessH *t fou"ht only as an overlap or flank contact. *t is foot that fou"ht a"ainst ounted. *t chooses not to pursueG and is either ,a- Ini"hts +ho fou"ht in an ene y #ound unless a"ainst Ini"hts! ,3- 'avalry or li"ht troops! , - re"ular Blades or re"ular /pears if either fou"ht a"ainst foot. *t is defendin" a P- or $-! is in a P- to+er! or +ould reach difficult "oin" or an unfro&en +ater feature. *ts pursuit +ould take any part of its #ase over a #attlefield ed"e. All ele ents in any su#se1uent conti"uous rank that are directly to the rear of a pursuin" ele ent and facin" in the sa e direction! also pursue. A naval ele ent does not pursue land opponents! #ut its landin" troops can choose to do so. *f pursuers contact an ene y ele ent that is not already in close co #at! the ensuin" co #at does not occur until ne2t #ound. =2penda#les are destroyed if their pursuit +ould have reached difficult "oin". STORMING !ORTI!ICATIONS -oot assaultin" P- are assu ed to escalade +ith i provised ladders and use side ar s! so are a special case for rear support. *f assaultin" a "ate+ay they are assu ed to use ra s! a2es or fire. Mounted troops can only assault $-! e2cept that =lephants can assault "ates. A defendin" ele ent not occupyin" a sin"le section of P- +all or $- shifts less than <&( to confor to the assaulter ost nearly strai"ht ahead. Defenders can overlap #ut cannot pivot on to the flank of assaulters. $roops escaladin" or cli #in" stairs do not overlap. $o+ers overlap ad%acent +all +alk sections! #ut cannot #e overlapped. A to+er assaulted #y 2 ele ents fi"hts each in succession. An undefended fortification section has a '- of 8 if a to+er! 2 if not! #ut no tactical factors! and cannot overlap. Defenders una#le to recoil are destroyed. An assaultin" ele ent that destroys a defender or forces it to recoil! or scores hi"her than an undefended fortification! ust pursue into the space vacated! Jeither on to or alon" a P- or #eyond a $-K. *f it assaulted a "ate! it pursues throu"h the "ate. -riends follo+in" pursuers into a P- Junless throu"h a "ateK count as assaultin" an undefended P-. *f an ele ent that successfully assaulted on to a P- +all +alk recoils fro that position! it ends outside the P-! and opponents pursue #ack into position to defend. An escaladin" .ar .a"ons ,S- or naval ele ent does not pursue! #ut an ele ent of foot in contact #ehind! or the landin" troops of an escaladin" naval ele ent or another in contact #ehind! can. LOST ANDLOR REMO7ED ELEMENTS Destroyed ele ents are lost. An ele ent is also lost if any of its #ase leaves the #attlefield ed"e +hether voluntarily or +hen recoilin"! pushed(#ack! akin" roo ! fleein" or routin". All ele ents of a #roken co and are lost. /pent ele ents #eco e lost only +hen their co and is #roken or if they include a "eneral. All ele ents of an allied co and that has chan"ed sides are lost to its ori"inal side until it is #roken. @ost ele ents that have not #een destroyed or chan"ed sides reappear in the ne2t #attle of a ca pai"n. =le ents that have chan"ed sides #ut not #een destroyed or #roken also reappear! #ut as relia#le allies of the ene y ar y. MORALE EFUI7ALENTS =le ents of different types have different effects on orale. -or instance! loss of no#les is ore +orryin" than that of i pressed serfs and a reserve of veteran triarii provides "reater reassurance. =ach ele ent therefore has a Morale =1uivalent 9M=: used to derive the orale state of each co and and the ar y. =ach ele ent ofH =2penda#les! 3ordes ,I-4 .ar .a"ons ,1- and all rear ele ents of re1uired dou#le #ases Q 0 M=. >eneral)s ele ent of any troop type or "rade Q 8 M=. Ar y Ba""a"e Q O M= for each contri#utin" co and 9or a "eneral(less co and includin" it.:. 'o and Ba""a"e Q 2 M= for its co and. =lephants! Ini"hts! 'avalry ,S-! 'a elry ,S-! /pears ,S-! Blades ,S-4 .ar .a"ons e2cept ,1- Q 2 M= .ar#and e2cept ,S-! Au2ilia e2cept ,S-! *rre"ular /pears ,I-! *rre"ular Pikes ,I-! *rre"ular Bo+s ,I-! Psiloi! 3ordes e2cept ,I- and ?aval e2cept ,1- Q O M=. Ather troops Q 1 M=. A dis ounted ele ent Q the total M= of the ounted ele entDs it +as e2chan"ed for.
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= #arked troops or Ba""a"e are additional to the naval ele ent.
8L
DISHEARTENED COMMANDS All 3orde ,I- ele ents are re oved and all 1 M=! O M= and Ba""a"e ele ents Jor if the co and #eco es disheartened +hile unrelia#le! all its ele entsK #eco e per anently dishea'tened at the end of any #ound +hen ore than one(1uarter of their co and)s ori"inal M= have #een lost since the start of the #attle. BRO6EN COMMANDS All of a co and is per anently 3'oBen at the end of any #ound +henH More than one(third of its ori"inal M= have #een lost since the start of the #attle. More than half of its ori"inal M= has #een lost or spent since the start of the #attle. *t can then use its P*Ps only to ove a "eneral +ho has not yet routed! andDor halt "roups or sin"le ele ents that have not previously routed! for the current #ound only. All o#ile land ele ents neither halted that #ound nor in front ed"e co #at ust rout unless inside the circuit of a fortification. =le ents inside the circuit of a fortification entered #y ene y Jor that they the selves have assaulted intoK are lost unless in a to+er. =ach other co and of its side that has an ele ent of the #roken co and visi#le less than <&&( distant at the end of that #ound has its total losses te porarily increased #y 1 M= if the #roken co and +as ori"inally less than 10 M= or 2 M= if ore. SHATTERED COMMANDS A #roken co and is also shattered if at the start of its #ound ore than half its M= has #een lost. *t ceases to have a P*P dice. All o#ile ele ents ust rout unless inside the circuit of a fortification not entered #y ene y! or in a to+er. 7ICTORY M DE!EAT .hen at the end of either side)s #ound an ar y)s cu ulative losses in M=! plus the M= of any co ands that have failed to arrive after its <th #ound! is at least half the ar y)s ori"inal M=! that ar y is defeated and the "a e ends. *f neither side has #een defeated +hen a ti e li it is reached 9or the #attle has ended #ecause one or #oth sides have chosen to retreat after ni"htfall:! the "a e finishes at the end of the current #ound. *f one side only has #een defeated! the other side is the +inner. $he +innin" side receives 2; Fictory Points 9FP:! less its penalty pointsH A side)s penalty points areH 2 for each co plete tenth of its ori"inal M= that have #een lost or #roken. 1 for each of its "enerals +ho have #een lost or +hose co ands have #een either #roken or at least partly disheartened. $he loser receives 2; FP! less the +inner)s FP. *f neither side or #oth sides have #een defeated! each side totals its penalty points. *f their penalty points differ #y 1 or 2! the side +ith least receives 18 FP! that +ith ost 11 FP. *f they differ #y ore! the side +ith least receives 1; points and that +ith ost 10 FP. *f penalty points are e1ual and neither has #een defeated! the defender receives 12 FP and the invader receives 17 FP 9he is rava"in" the countryside and ac1uirin" loot! +hile the defender is losin" revenue and presti"e:. *f penalty points are e1ual and #oth sides have #een defeated! the defender receives 17 FP and the invader 12 FP 9the invader)s losses! disor"ani&ation or fora"in" difficulties ake it i possi#le to continue his a""ression:. ?oteH $his has the follo+in" advanta"es over the for er DBM and B3>/ scorin" syste sH 91: *t "ives credit for a narro+ defeat in a fiercely contested #attle. 92: *t allo+s ore precise rankin" in very lar"e co petitions. 97: $he FP total availa#le to #e +on in a 8 "a e +eekend co petition is e2actly 100. 98: *t "ives less credit to a defender +ho uses terrain to avoid #attle.
;0
DBMM $&& AND "&& $hese are rule variants for 1uick(play "a es +ith a s aller nu #er of fi"ures! ena#lin" DBA si&e ar ies to #e used +ith DBMM rules. $hey are adapted fro those in use for DBM 100 and 200 co petitions. Ar ies +hose AP total is divisi#le #y 12 9for e2a ple 120 or 280 AP: can #e used +ith the DBA ca pai"n rules +ithout learnin" DBA. $hese versions are as yet only tentative and advice is +elco ed. DBMM $&& $his is an alternative to DBA! played +ith 7;(12; AP ar ies. =ach ar y has only 1 co and and "eneral! the '(in('! +ho)s e2tra or reduced cost 9for e2a ple for Brilliant or *nert: is half that of a DBMM '(in('! and up to 2 Ba""a"e ele ents. =le ent ini a are reduced to S rounded do+n and a2i a to O rounded up. Cp to 8 ele ents specified #y ar y lists as controlled only #y an allied or su#ordinate "eneral can #e used. $he e2tra or reduced cost of a "eneral is halved and rounded do+n. $he #attlefield is a 1!200p to 1!600p s1uare tile. $he nor al procedures for set(up! terrain! deploy ent! ti e of day and +eather are disre"arded. *nstead each player dices and adds his a""ression factor. $he player +ith the hi"her ad%usted score is the *nvader. 4epeat if scores are e1ual. $he Defender places +here he +ishes up to 1 road and 2(7 area features chosen fro his list! +hich ust include any co pulsory features and no area feature ore than 800p across. $he invader can no+ rotate the tile L0 or 160M. $he defender deploys all his ele ents first and the invader takes first #ound. Deploy ent can #e up to 800p fro the #ase line #ut not +ithin 800p of a side ed"e. ?o flank or delayed arches or strata"e s are allo+ed. An ar y is disheartened +hen at the end of any #ound it has lost S of its ori"inal M=. *t is defeated +hen at the end of any #ound it has lost andDor spent #oth O its ori"inal M= and ore than the ene y! or if at the end of the #ound #ein" played +hen the a"reed ti e li it 9+hich should never e2ceed 1 hour: is reached it has lost ore than the ene y. $he +inner)s score is ; FP plus 1 FP for each M= up to ; the ene y has lost ore than hi . $he loser)s score is 10 FP inus the +inner)s score. *f losses are e1ual +hen the ti e li it is reached! each side scores ; FP. DBMM "&& $his is a lar"er "a e ore si ilar to standard DBMM. *t differs in the follo+in" respectsH
$he a2i u ar y si&e is 160(280 AP. $he a2i u and ini u nu #ers of ele ents other than "enerals and of P-! $- or -A sections per itted #y the ar y list are halved and rounded up. Ma2i u s for Pikes are rounded up to the ne2t hi"hest 8 ele ents! other+ise roundin" is to the ne2t hi"hest sin"le ele ent. Ba""a"e is reduced to 0(1 ele ents per co and. Cp to 7 "enerals can #e used. $he e2tra or reduced cost of each "eneral is halved and rounded do+n. $he a2i u si&e of an a #ush is reduced to 8 ele ents. Battlefield si&e is 2!800p 91.2 or 860 for 1; : +ide #y 1!200p 90.< or 280: to 1!600p 90.L or 7<0: deep.
$he ini u and a2i u nu #ers of terrain feature e1uivalents 9-=: allo+ed to each side is reduced #y 1. /ea! +ater+ays! lakes and rivers are 1 -=! and their a2i u e2tension inland is reduced #y 1<0p. Ane area feature can #e of 1 -= si&e. All other area features ust #e O -=. Deploy ent distances specified fro a #attlefield ed"e or centre line are halved. and is reduced to 1 M=.
$he te porary penalty for a #roken friendly co
BIG DBMM $&& As DBMM 100! e2cept that the full DBMM #attlefield si&e! terrain! deploy ent! ti e of day! +eather and strata"e s rules are used! #ut ini u ele ent nu #ers are not 9since the action is assu ed to involve a detached part of a lar"er ar y: and any ti e li it is not restricted to 1 hour. $his allo+s uch ore scope for pre(#attle anoeuvre than any of the other for s of the "a e.
;1
DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007 APPENDI1 I BRILLIANT GENERALS $hese are the very rare charis atic co anders +hose talents cannot easily #e si ulated #y players +ithout special rules. *nnovative strate"ists! 1uick to spot and e2ploit fleetin" opportunities! #ut risk(takers +ho lead fro the front! they are far fro #ein" a safe pair of hands or perfect "enerals and ay #e descri#ed 9like $al#ot: as ,hardy rather than prudent0 or 9like 'aesar: as ,escapin" #y his celerity fro fi2es "ot into #y his rashness0. Aften difficult su#ordinates and e2asperatin" co anders to other "enerals! #ut adored #y troops. Anly the follo+in" historical "enerals are BrilliantH A""a of Iish. @ist 1D1 2700B' /ar"on of Akkad. @ist 1D11 2778(227LB' ?ara (/in of Akkad. @ist 1D11 22;8(2216B' Mursilis *. @ist 1D1< 1<20(1;L0B' $hut osis ***. @ist 1D22 187L(182;B' /uppiluliu as. @ist 1D28 1760(177;B' Mu+atallis. @ist 1D28 1278B' /hal aneser *. @ist 1D2; 1278(128;B' $ukulti(?inurta *. @ist 1D2; 1278(128;B' ?e#uchadre&&ar *. @ist 1D21 1128(1107B' $i"lath(pileser *. @ist 1D2; 111;(1077B' Assurnasipal **. @ist 1D2; 667(6;LB' $i"lath(pileser ***. @ist 1D8; 788(727B' /ar"on **. @ist 1D8; 721(70;B'. /ennacheri#. @ist 1D8; 708(<61B' Ashur#anipal. @ist 1D;1 <<6(<27B' =sarhaddon. @ist 1D;1 <77(<<LB' Duke .en. @ist 1D72 9$s)in: <72B' ?e#uchadre&&ar **. @ist 1D88 <08(;;2B' Mardonios. @ist 1D<0 8L2(87LB' Brasidas. @ist 2D; 9/partan: 871(822B' =pa inondas. @ist 2D; 9$he#an: 771(7<2B' /un Pin. @ist 2D8 9'h)i: 7;1(781B' $i oleon. @ist 2DL 781(777B' Ale2ander. @ists 2D12 U 2D1; 776(727B' @ysi achos. @ist 2D17 722(261B' =u enes of Iardia. @ist 2D1< 721(71<B' A"athocles. @ist 2DL 717(26LB' Pyrrhus. @ist 2D27 701(272B' Philopoi en. @ist 2D71 9Achaian: 222(167B' 3anni#al. @ist 2D72 221(202B' Antiochus ***. @ist 2D1L 220(1L0B' 'laudius ?ero @ist 2D77 207B' /cipio Africanus. @ist 2D77 210(202B' Marius. @ists 2D77 U 2D8L 107(100B' /ertorius. @ist 2D7L 9@usitanian: 60(72B' Po pey. @ist 2D8L 77(86B' @ucullus. @ist 2D8L 78(<<B' Julius 'aesar. @ist 2D8L <2(8;B' 'assivellaunus. @ist 2D;7 ;;(;8B' Aulus Plautius. @ist 2D;< 87AD 'aractacus. @ist 2D;7 87(;1AD Pan 'h)ao. @ist 2D81 77(100AD $s)ao $s)ao. @ist 2D<7 9.ei: 168(220AD /epti ius /everus. @ist 2D<8 1L7(211AD 3an 3sin. @ist 2D81 20<(202B' 'laudius >othicus. @ist 2D<8 2<6(270AD Aurelian. @ist 2D<8 270(27;AD 'arinus. 9.est: @ist 2D<8 262(26;AD Ma2i ian. 9=ast: @ist 2D<8 26;(70LAD >alerius. @ist 2D<8 9=ast: 2L7(710AD 'onstantine *. @ist 2D76 9.est: 70<(727AD /hih @o. @ist 2D76 9/outhern 3siun"(nu: 710(777AD Julian. @ist 2D76 7;7(7<7AD ;2 $)o(pa Iuei. @ist 2D7L 9?orthern: 76<(80LAD /tilicho. @ist 2D76 9.est: 7L8(806AD Aetius. @ist 2D67 9.est: 82;(8;8AD >aeseric. @ists 2D<< U 2D68 82L(877AD Attila. @ist 2D60 878(8;7AD ,Arthur0. @ist 2D61 87;(;1;AD Ia+ad *. @ist 2D<L ;02AD Belisarius. @ist 7D8 ;70(;;LAD Clchi Mundok. @ist 2D7< ;L6(<18AD 3eraclius. @ist 7D17 <0L(<26AD Penda. 7D28 @ist 7D28 <2<(<;;AD Ii Bushin. @ist 2D77 <2L(<8LAD Ihalid *#n al .alid. @ist 7D2; <72(<7<AD @i /hi in. @ist 7D20 9$)an": <17(<8LAD Ali i#n Muha ad al(Iha#ith. @ist 7D77 6<6(661AD A#u Ah ed al(Mu+affa1. @ist 7D77 6<6(6L1AD John $&i isces. @ist 7D<8 L<L(L7<AD Mah ud of >ha&na. @ist 7D<7 LL7(1070AD Alfred. @ist 7D28 671(6L8AD 3arold >od+inson. @ist 7D71 10;7(10<<AD Busuf i#n $ashfin. @ist 7D78 10;L(110<AD =l 'id. @ist 7D7; 10<6(1061 U 10L8(10LLAD @ist 7D78 107L(10L2AD Bohe und. @ist 7D;1 1061(10L; U 1107AD @ist 8D7 10L<(110;AD Ale2is 'o nenos. @ist 8D1 1076(111<AD Bueh -ei. @ist 7D<1 1170(1181AD Boshitsune. @ist 7D;8 1160(1168 Iin" John of =n"land. @ist 8D27 11LL(121<AD = peror -rederick **. @ists 8D; U 8D17 1216(12;0AD >en"his Ihan. @ist 8D7; 120<(1227AD Mukhali. @ist 8D7; 9only in 'hina: 1216(1227AD /u#edei. @ist 8D7; 9only outside 'hina: 1220(1281AD Bay#ars *. @ist 8D8; 12;0(1277AD Prince =d+ardD=d+ard * @ist 8D27 12<8(1707AD Black Dou"las. @ist 8D1< 1706(1717 U 171L(1726AD John 3a+k+ood. @ist 8D78 17;L(17L8AD $i ur(i lenk. @ist 8D7; 17<0(180; Bertrand du >uesclin. @ist 8D<8 17<8(1760 Falde ar *F. @ist 8D;8 9Danish: 17<1AD Beya&id * *ldiri . @ist 8D;; 176L(1802AD Prince 3alD3enry F. @ist 8D<2 1807(1822AD Fytautas. @ist 8D<< 1810AD 'ar a"nola. @ist 8D<1 9F*: 1827AD Philip the >ood. @ist 8D7< 1821(18;7AD Janos 3unyadi. @ist 8D87 1882(18;<AD Pal Iini&si. @ist 8D87 18;<(18L2 John $al#ot. @ist 8D<2 1827(18;7AD Jeanne d)Arc U Dunois. @ist 8D<8 182LAD Dracula. @ist 8D<; 18;<(18<2 U 187< Andre+ $rollope. @ist 8D67 9@: 18<0(18<1AD >loucesterD4ichard ***. @ist 8D67 9B! 47: 1871(186;AD 'orte&. @ist 8D1L 1;16(1;21AD
DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007 APPENDI1 II INERT GENERALS $hese are fe+ co pared +ith the Brilliant "enerals in the previous appendi2 #ecause the co petition is ore intense. $here have #een very any ediocre and even #ad "enerals in history. $o #e listed here! a "eneral needs to have historically de onstrated inertia and ineptitude #eyond the nor al ran"e of +ar"a ers. $his can have taken the for of lethar"y! over(confident ne"lect of ele entary precautions! innate incapacity! %ealousy! e2tre e pi"(headedness! discoura"in" su#ordinates) initiative! deprivin" the selves of infor ation #y punishin" the #earers of #ad ne+s! or ost co only! ti idity and indecision. /uch "enerals +ere! ho+ever! 1uite often e2ceptionally talented or"ani&ers andDor +ith despotic po+er over very lar"e resources! so uch #etter at #uildin" an ar y than at usin" it. $he reason only a '(in(' or ally "eneral can #e *nert is that such #ehaviour is not tolerated for lon" #y a superior and that occasional lapses can #e accounted for #y the nor al ran"e of P*P scores. Anly the follo+in" historical "enerals are classed as *nertH *as ah(Adad. @ist 1D1; 9Ald Assyrian: 17L<(177<B' $i 3sin. @ist 1D17 10;L(1027B' Ashur(dan ***. @ist 1D2; 772(7;;B' Ashur(nirari. @ist 1D2; 7;8(78;B' ?icias. @ist 2D; 9Athens: 818(817B' Pharna#a&us. @ist 2D7 76;(777B' Darius ***. @ist 2D7 778(771B' 4e"ulus. @ist 2D77 2;<(2;;B' $i"ranes. @ist 2D27 67(<LB' @epidus. @ist 2D8L 86(7<B' Farus. @ist 2D;< LAD 'laudius. @ist 2D;< 87AD 'aesennius. @ist 2D;< <2(<7AD 'al"acus. @ist 2D<0 68AD Macrinus. @ist 2D<8 217(216AD 'onstantius **. @ist 2D76 9=ast: 777(7<1AD Bar#atio. @ist 2D76 9.est: 7;7(7;6AD /a#inian. @ist 2D76 9=ast: 7;LAD -u 'hien. @ist 2D21 9-or er 'h)in: 7;7(76;AD 3ypatius. @ist 7D8 ;07(;12AD >eli er. @ist 2D68 ;70(;78AD =thelred *. @ist 7D28 670(671AD Brihtnoth. @ist 7D28 LL1AD Pope @eo *E. @ist 7D7< 10;7AD Ier#o"ah. @ist 7D77 93a adan: 10L6AD 3enry ***. @ist 8D27 1282(12<8 Fol1uin von /chenk. @ist 8D70 12<<AD >uy de @usi"nan. @ist 8D17 1167(11L1PAD Iin" Philip F* of -rance. @ist 8D<8 1782(8<AD Iin" John ** of -rance. @ist 8D<8 17;<AD A+ain >lynd+r. @ist 7D1L 1800(1811AD .ladislas Ja"iello. @ist 8D<< 1810AD @ord /tanley. @ist 8D67 18<0(186;AD 'harles the Bold. @ists 8D7< 18<;AD and 8D68 1877AD $i&oc. @ist 8D<7 1861(186<AD Mocte&u a ** @ist8D<7 1;02(1;20
;7
DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007 APPENDI1 III TERRAIN CHANGES !OR DBM ARMY LISTS Pendin" the pu#lication shortly of revised ar y listsH 'han"e Cold to Cool e2cept inH Book 1! lists 8! 77! 7L! 87. Book 2! lists 28! 2<! 26! 76! ;6! <1! <;! <7! 7;! 7<! 77! 60. Book 7! lists 1! 17! 18! 1;! 1<! 70! 72! 80 9?U/:! 88! 87! 86! ;<! <2! <<! 7L. Book 8! lists L! 18! 1;! 16! 27! 26! 70! 7;! 81! 88! 87! ;2! ;8 9?U/:! <<! 76! 7L. 'han"e all H,S- to DH. $his represents slopes steep enou"h or encu #ered enou"h to hinder ove ent 'han"e all H,G- to GH. $his represents slopes sufficient for a co #at advanta"e #ut not so steep as to hinder 'han"e 88 to 88 o' S inH Book 1! list 8LV Book 2! lists 7! 1;! 1L! 20! ;<! <8! <;! <<! <7! 77! 76! 67. Book 7! lists 8! ;! 71! 77! 8L! <1V <;. Book 8! lists 17! 20! 80V 8;! 86! ;7! 77! 7<! 68. 9/o e +ill need to #e date li ited.: 'han"e 88 to S inH Book 1! lists 7! 6! L! 10! 16! 20! 2<! 26! 2L! 70! 71! 77! 7;! 87! 86! ;0! ;2! ;;! ;<! ;7! ;L! <1! <2. Book 2! lists ;! <! 6! L! 10! 11! 12! 1<! 17! 16! 27! 2;! 27! 71! 72! 77! 78! 7;! 7L! 82! 8;! 86! 8L! ;7! ;8! <0! <2! <6! 7;! 7<! 77! 61! 62! 68. Book 7! lists 7! <! 7! 17! 16! 1L! 21! 22! 28! 26! 2L! 77! 78! 7;! 76! 80! 8;! 8<! ;1! ;8! ;<! ;6! <2! <8! 71! 72! 78! 7;! 7<! 77. Book 8! lists 1! 2! 7! 8! ;! <! 7! L! 11! 12! 1<! 17! 16! 21! 27! 2<! 27! 26! 2L! 70! 71! 72! 77! 78! 77! 76! 7L! 87! 8L! ;0! ;1! ;8! ;;! ;<! ;6! ;L! <0! <1! <2! <8! <6! 71! 78! 76! 61! 62! 67. 'han"e 88 to L inH Book 2! list 2L. 'han"e 88 to S o' L inH Book 2! list 26! 77. Book 7! lists 27 9Ih er:! 80! ;0. Book 8! list L! 88! ;8! <7. *nsert L inH Book 1! lists 27! 78! 77! 7L. Book 2! lists 77 9Atropatene:! 87! ;1! ;L. Book 7! lists 27! <0! <2! 77! 77 Book 8! lists 7! 1;! 17! 81! 7L! 61. BUA can #e !8 inH Britain! facin" ?! Book.2! lists ;< 9fro 12;AD:! <8! 76! 61 9until 807AD:. 'hina! facin" ?! Book 2! lists 8 9'hin:! 81. Book 8! lists 18!77. 4eplace Rd +ith PRd4 Rd inH Book 2! lists 8L! ;<! <8! 76! 61! 67. Book 7! lists 7! 8! 27 9Ih er:. Book 8! list 61. *nsert ! in all lists includin" BUA #ut not E. B +ill #e a per itted type only in Book 2! 7 U 8 in >aul! =n"land and -rance. Cnless other+ise specifiedH RGo #eco es B! in 'old and 'ool! R! in .ar ! S! in Dry and $ropical. 4ou"h "entle hills are allo+ed if D3 is. $hey are RH in 'old! Dry and $ropical! SH in 'ool and .ar . DH ust #e replaced #y 8H if 8d is co pulsory and #y CH in Dry. $hey can #e optionally replaced #y CH in the ho elands of ountain peoples. ;8 ove ent.
DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007 APPENDI1 I7 TROOP CHANGES !OR DBM ARMY LISTS Pendin" the pu#lication of revised ar y listsH >enerals ounted on elephants can #e re"ular in @ists 2D7 if 721(160B'! 2D16 if Ptole y Ieraunos in 27LB'! 2D82 if 'hola! 7D27 Ih er! 7D;L! 7D<7! 8D86. $he e2tra AP "ained fro usin" an *nert ally "eneral ust #e used for his co and! i.e. it cannot have a ne"ative AP total. $he cost of *rre"ular @3 9A: is reduced to 8 AP! and that of *rre"ular @3 9/: to < AP. A2 9E: Je2cept elephant(killersK #eco e Pk 9-:. 'o and @itters and standard +a"ons chan"e fro .." 9*: to B"e 9/:. 'han"e all previous Ps 9/: to Ps 9*: e2ceptH 3e#re+ >adites! >reek peltasts! Bithynians! Ale2ander)s A"rianes! /panish caetrati! 'artha"inian re"ulars! Pisidians! Poly#ian levesDvelitesW! Bastarnae! @ate 4o an skir ishers! Patrician e2culatores! Maurikian and later By&antines! Ber#ers! Bidets! hand "unners. W@eves AllD0 #efore 211B'. Art 9E: #eco e /hot 9*:. Xuin1uere es #eco e >al 9A:! trire es >al 9-:! s aller >al 9*:. AP ad%usted. 'han"e all @3 9-: #efore ;00B' referred to as ,scouts0 to @3 9*:. Maryannu charioteers #eco e r'v 9/: if royal! i'v 9A: if provincial. Achae enid Persian * ortals #eco e 4e" B+ 9E: dou#le(#ased +ith 4e" B+ 9A:. Ather spara#ara are *rr B+ 9E: dou#le( #ased +ith *rr B+ 9A: Achae enid Persian and Bactrian ar oured(horse cavalry #eco e sin"le #ased In 9*:. Bactrian @3 9/: #eco e 'v 9A:. All *ndian B+ 9/: #eco e B+ 9A:. *ndian Bd 9*: cannot #e B+ 9E:. *ndian .." 9A: #eco e 'hariot In 9*:. 3ellenistic In 9-: fro the start of the Ale2andrian Macedonian list are re1uired to #e in a sin"le(#ased +ed"e. /kythian 'v 9/: and $hracian 'v 9A: #eco e In 9*: and are re1uired to #e in a sin"le(#ased +ed"e! 'elti#erian scutati and 3anni#al)s /panish #eco e Bd 9-:. Ather /panish scutati stay A2 9/:. 3anni#al)s >auls #eco e Bd 9*: if the 4o ans don)t kill the first. >allic .ar#and #eco e all .# 9A:. >aesati #eco e .# 9-:. /o e or all Marian 4o an and =arly * perial 4o an le"ionaries can #e up"raded to Bd 9/: as of veteranDelite le"ions. $rape&untines and 4hi&ians in the =.* 4o an ar y #eco e *rr Ps 9/:. *rr @3 9/: of charis atic rulers such as Attila or e ployed as ercenaries can #e optionally up"raded 9allD0: to re"ular. Ara# 'on1uest 9and no+ /affarid: elephant(killers #eco e A2 9/:. A'a3 /oot Ja''io's hange /'om 83 ,S- to Bd ,I-5 >hurid spear en #eco e Pk 9-:. Cp to 7< can #e up"raded to Pk 9E: +ith kar+ah. Cp to 8 can #e A2 9/: elephant(killers. Moorish Ps 9/: or A2 ounted on ca els #eco e A2 9*: +ith PA instead of ' 9*:. All other ' 9*: #eco e 9A:. Maurikian By&antine kavallarioi are no+ up to 1D7 4e" @3 9/:! the rest 4e" 'v 9/:! #ut nu #ers halved. Add ne+ line ,4ear rank kavallarioi 4e" 'v 9A: 5 <AP. 0 or 1 per 'v 9/:. Must #e dou#le(#ased +ith 'v 9/:.0 Both types of $he atic By&antine the atic kavallarioi are replaced #y dou#le #ased 4e" 'v 9A: 5 6AP +ith 4e" 'v 9*: 5 8AP and co #ined nu #ers chan"ed to 20(7<. Add the atic skir ishers 4e" @3 9/: 1 per 8 'v 9A: or 9*:. 4educe skoutatoi to 0(12 and reclassify as Pk 9E:V Byzantine $helandria become Chelandria #al ;!, carrying Cv or foot, Ousiai renamed #alea both available from ,*2 A<!. <elete #halaia.. Fikin" #erserks #eco e 1 ele ent of .# 9/:. By&antine kli#anophoroi #eco e In 9E: dou#le(#ased +ith In 9*:. -le ishD@o+ 'ountriesDBra#ancon Pk 9*: #efore 121; chan"e to /p 9A:. /cots 'o on In after 1700 can al+ays dis ount as *rr Pk 9A: and #e supported #y *rr Pk 9*:. /+iss hal#erdiers no lon"er dou#le #ased. -eudal 9at least: >er an d#e In #eco e In 9A: +ith In 9*:. /eparated rear rankers #eco e In 9*: Ather d#e In stay 9*: A a2i u of 8 ele ents of -rench In can #e *rr In 9/: after 17;0. An ele ent of =n"lish lon"#o+s! $urkish artillery or 3ussite infantry can have a sin"le 60p section of PA to protect its front 5 1AP. 'ost of re"ular B+ 9/: reduced to < to co pensate. .ars of the 4oses =n"lish can use 7 stiffened #ills Bd 9/: instead of any 1 In 9*: and 2 retinue Bd 9A:. 'o"s +ill #e /hp 9A: until 1278! 9A: or 9/: until 1260! then 9/:. =arly /a urai list 'avalry ust #e dou#le #ased +ith an ele ent of A2 9*: follo+ers. $hey can only dis ount to defend fortifications or e #ark. A&tec "enerals and suit(+earers #eco e 4e" Bd 9-:! Priests *rr Bd 9-:! 'uachics .# 9-:! 'lan .arriors all 4e" A2 9*: or all 3d 9-:. *nca , ilitia0! Xuechua allied +arriors0 and ,Ather su#%ects0 are co #ined into ,Xuechua and Ay ara su#%ects0! *rr A2 9*: until 187L! *rr 3d 9A: after 1880AD. ;;

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DBMM Phil Barker.

As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

,1( 17 ( ( ( ( ( 8 6 ( ( 7 ( < 8 7 ( < ( < (

,S20 12 L < + ( ( ( 7 ; 8 ; ( 7 ( 10 2 ( 8 7 7 I''eg*la' P1 (1 (1 P10 P; P2; ( 7; (2;

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As specified under /$4A$A>=M/. 1 2 (1 2 P1 P2

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

"82?&mm 2 7 7 7(8 7(8 8(< 1 1 1 1 1(8

"mm 1 2 2 2 2 8 2 2 2 ; 7(8 odel.

10(12 1< 11(1; 1L(72 1 1(2 1 1 1(8 2 2 2 7 1(8

ore escort fi"ures and Artillery 2 or

ore cre+ fi"ures per

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

ands after the ene y has #eco e used to his ha#itual

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

8eathe' E//e t /no+! fo"! istH

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

ounts or train ele ent e #arkin" or dise #arkin".

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

<80 860 800 800 800 800 280

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

ust advance spontaneously thatDthose in front

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

=2penda#les that have previously

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

Bour ele ent is

ove or other+ise fleein" or routin".

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

Rea' edge. Co'ne'.

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

only in increased caution or incentive to char"e.

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007

DBMM Phil Barker. As of January 11th 2007