Mrs.

Essediya Siragi Class: 2nd BAC

Introduction Statistics on the brain drain from Africa are scarce but troubling. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), Africa has already lost one third of its humanand is continuing to lose its.personnel at an increasing rate, with an estimated 20,000 doctors, university, engineers and otherleaving the continent annually. Causes Of Brain Drain Push Factors Lack ofand other facilities, including support staff; inadequacy of research funds, lack of professionaland tools. Low wages and. Unsatisfactory living, lack of transport, housing, etc. Under-utilization of qualified personnel; lack of satisfactory working conditions; low prospect of professional Pull Factors o Substantial funds for research, advanced, modern facilities; availability of experienced support staff. o Higher wages and income. o Higher standard of. o Better working conditions.

Effects of Brain Drain Negative Effects Reduces the already low quantity of skilled available in African countries and needed for their development. Reduces numbers ofand innovative people, whether entrepreneurs or academics. Increases dependence on foreign technical. Slows the transfer of technology and widens the between African and industrialized countries Positive Effects Contribution of new skills whenreturn. Remittances from skilled migrants boost household welfare. Remittances support the balance of payments.

Possible Solutions Establish necessary and positive political, social and economic conditions that would serve as incentives to curb the brain. The necessity of settingas the only criteria in promotions and appointments.

Develop and valorize Africa's human resources and create job and career. Respect and consolidation of humanand democracy, namely freedom of speech.

migrants - manpower - assistance - technology - opportunities - equipment - lecturers salaries - gap development - capital - transparency - research - skilled- professionals drain - conditions rights - living dynamic

Mrs. Essediya Siragi Class: 2nd BAC

A. Choose the right words: developed wages flight gain developing home technically skilled stem conditions 1. A lot of countries are facing the challenge of human capital. 2. Something should be done tothis phenomenon. 3. One way to deal with this problem is to provide high. and good working. for highly. people to keep them in theircountry. 4. Brain ..occurs when. countries receive qualified people. B. Rewrite the following sentences using the words in brackets. 1. She was an account. She never seems to have any money. (although) 2. He lost a lot of blood. He is in a stable condition. (In spite of) 3. She was able to sing in the choir. She had a bad cough. (despite) 4. He got up early. He arrived late to school. (However) 5. Tim is in good shape. He doesnt get much exercise. (Nevertheless) C. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct relative pronoun. 1. There are lots of bars and restaurants in the neighborhood. I live in the neighborhood. 2. My neighbor comes from Ecuador. He works on the fruit farms around the city. 3. The neighbor makes a lot of noise walking around. His flat is above mine. 4. The local market sells excellent local produce. It is a two-minute walk from my flat. 5. Sometimes he calls his friends. Calling his friends can be expensive. 6. Your father called the police. His car was stolen. D. Respond to the following situations. 1. Joe: Im really thinking of quitting my present job and immigrating to Germany. You: 2. Amal: I'm terrible at English and I think I should do something about it. What do you advise me to do? You: .