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Ref :
[1]. Brian L. Stevens, Frank L. Lewis, Aircraft Control and Simulation, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1992 [2]. Nguyen, L.T., et al., Simulator study of stall/post-stall characteristics of a fighter airplane with relaxed longitudinal static stability, NASA Tech. Pap. 1538, NASA, Washington, D.C., Dec. 1979
The mathematical model given here uses the wind-tunnel data from NASA-Langley wind-tunnel tests on a scale model of an F-16 airplane. The data apply to the speed range up to about Mach=0.6, and were used in a MASA-piloted simulation to study the maneuvering and stall/post-stall characteristics of a relaxed static-stability airplane.
- true velocity, ft/sec - angle of attack, radian ( range 10 ~ 45 ) - sideslip angle, radian ( range 30 ~ 30 ) - Euler (roll) angle, rad - Euler (pitch) angle, rad - Euler (yaw) angle, rad - roll rate, rad/sec - pitch rate, rad/sec - yaw rate, rad/sec - north displacement, ft - east displacement, ft - altitude, ft - power
p q
r N dis E dis h
Ppow
Control Variables:
T E A R
Parameters:
- throttle setting, ( 0.0 1.0 ) - elevator setting, degree - aileron setting, degree - rudder setting, degree
M T m C X ,t CY ,t C Z ,t q ps C L,t
- air density, slugs/ft^3 - Mach number - total instantaneous engine thrust, N (lb) - total airplane mass, slugs - total x-axis force coefficient - total y-axis force coefficient - total z-axis force coefficient - dynamic pressure, psf - static pressure, psf - total rolling-moment coefficient
C M ,t C N ,t t u v w W b S c Ix Iy
Iz
- total pitching-moment coefficient - total yawing-moment coefficient - temperature, R - velocity in x -axis direction, ft/sec - velocity in y -axis direction, ft/sec - velocity in z -axis direction, ft/sec - vehicle weight (lbs) - wing span (ft) - wing platform area (ft2) - mean aerodynamic chord (ft) - roll moment of inertia (slug-ft2) - pitch moment of inertia (slug-ft2) - yaw moment of inertia (slug-ft2) - product moment of inertia (slug-ft2) - product moment of inertia (slug-ft2) - product moment of inertia (slug-ft2) - reference cg location (ft) - center of gravity location (ft) - gravitational constant (ft/sec2) - engine angular momentum (slug-ft2/s) - radian-to-degree constant, d r = 57.29578
I xz I xy
I yz
X cgR X cg g
hE dr
Symbol
Parameter Vehicle weight (lbs) Wing span (ft) Wing area (ft2) Mean aerodynamic chord (ft) Roll moment of inertia (slug-ft2) Pitch moment of inertia (slug-ft2) Yaw moment of inertia (slug-ft2) Product moment of inertia (slug-ft2) Product moment of inertia (slug-ft2) Product moment of inertia (slug-ft2)
W
b S
c Ix Iy
Iz
I xz I xy
I yz
Table 2. Control Surface Actuator Models Symbol Command Deflection name limit Rate limit Time constant Positive sign convention Trailing edge down Effect
Elevator
25.0
60/s
0.0495sec lag
Ailerons
21.5
80/s
Rudder
30.0
Table 3. Other parameters used in the model Symbol Parameter Reference CG Location (ft) Gravitational constant (ft/sec2) Engine Angular Momentum (slug-ft2/s) ( assume fixed ! ) Radian-to-degree constant Value
0.35c
X cgR g
hE dr
& = rv qw g sin + u
= tan 1 ( )
w u v = sin 1 ( ) V
&=
&=
&= r or
&= p
&= q
&= r
Ix Iy Iz
pq +
I xz q Sb & qr ) + (p C N ,t + hE q Iz Iz
1 2 {I xz ( I x I y + I z ) pq + [ I z ( I y I z ) I xz ]qr + I xz N + I z L + I xz I z hE q} 2 I x I z I xz
I Iz Ix M hE r pr + xz ( r 2 p 2 ) + Iy Iy Iy
1 2 2 {( I x I x I y + I xz ) pq + I xz ( I y I z I x ) qr + I x N + I zz L + I x I z hE q} 2 I x I z I xz
where L = q sbC L ,t , M = q sc C M ,t , N = q sbC N ,t -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Navigation -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------& = V cos cos cos cos + V sin (sin cos sin cos sin ) N dis + V sin cos (cos sin cos + sin sin ) & = V cos cos cos sin + V sin (sin sin sin + cos cos ) E dis + V sin cos (cos sin sin sin cos ) & = V cos cos sin V sin sin cos V sin cos cos h
Coefficients
= 2.377 10 3 (1.0 0.703 10 5 h ) 4.14
519(1.0 0.703 10 5 h ) h < 35000.0 t= 390.0 h 35000.0
c C Xq ( d ) q + C x ( d , E ) 2V b [CYr ( d ) r + CYp ( d ) p ] CY ,t = C y ( d , A , R ) + 2V b [rCYr ( d ) + CYp ( d ) p ] + 0.021 A + 0.086 R = 0.02 d + 2V 20.0 30.0 c C Z ,t = C z ( d , d , E ) + C Zq ( d ) q 2V c = C z ,1 ( d , d ) + C Zq ( d ) q 0.19 E 2V 25.0 b C L ,t = Cl ( d , d , A , R ) + [ rC Lr ( d ) + C Lp ( d ) p ] 2V b = Cl ,1 ( d , d ) + [C Lr ( d )r + C Lp ( d ) p ] + Cl , 2 ( d , ) A + Cl ,3 ( d , d ) R 2V 20.0 30 c C M ,t = C Mq ( d ) q + C Z ,t ( X cgR X cg ) + C m ( d , E ) 2V c b [C Nr ( d ) r + C Np ( d ) p ] CY ,t ( X cgr X cg ) C N ,t = Cn ( d , d , A , R ) + b 2V c b = Cn ,1 ( d , d ) + [C Nr ( d ) r + C Np ( d ) p ] CY ,t ( X cgr X cg ) b 2V C X ,t =
+ Cn , 2 ( d , d )
20.0
+ Cn ,3 ( d , d )
30
Coefficients
Source
C Xq
Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table Table
d d , E d d d d d , d d d d , d d , d d d , E d , d d d d , d d , d
Cx CYr CYp
C Z ,1
CZq
Cl ,1 C Lr C Lp Cl , 2 Cl , 3 C Mq Cm Cn ,1 C Nr C Np Cn , 2 Cn , 3