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3GPP TS 23.272. version 8.5.0 Release 8.

3GPP TS 23.216.
3GPP TS 43.318 version 8.4.0 Release 8
3GPP2 VoLGA Stage 2 V0.2.0 (2009-04-29).
3GPP TS 24.008 version 8.6.0 Release 8
3GPP TS 23.002 version 9.2.0 Release 9
3GPP TS 23.401

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EPC Architecture Overview

Voice Services using IMS technology
SR-VCC Single-Radio voice call continuity
CSFB Circuit-switched fallback
VoLGA Voice over LTE via Generic Access

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Voice services have been the primary source of
revenue for mobile operators since the dawn of GSM
technology in the early 1990s, given the importance
voice services have to billion of users, the importance
of efficient voice support was acknowledged right
from the start of EPS work item.
There are two fundamentally different ways to
provide voice services for LTE users; using circuitswitched infrastructure or IP Multimedia subsystem
(IMS) technology and MMTel application. .

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P-CSCF: Proxy-Call session Control Function, is a SIP proxy function, it inspects every SIP message, manages
QoS and authorizes the usage of specific bearer services.
S-CSCF: Serving-CSCF, is the control node of IMS architecture, it manages the SIP sessions and interacts with
the HSS for subscriber data management.
I-CSCF: Interrogating-CSCF, is point of contact for SIP requests from external networks.
MRFP: Media Resource Function Processor, is media plane node to process media streams.
MRFC: Media Resource Function Controller, interacts with CSCF and controls the action taken by MRFP.
BGCF: Breakout Gateway Control Function, it handles routing decisions for outgoing call towards circuitswitched networks. It normally routes the sessions to a MGCF.
MGCF: Media Gateway Control Function, it provides the logic for IMS interworking with external circuitswitched networks, it controls media session through ISUP signaling towards the external networks, SIP
signaling towards S-CSCF, and through controlling the actions of MGW.
MGW: Media Gateway, provides transcoding between different media formats for IMS and CS network.
SBC: Session Boarder Controller, supports functions for a firewall and NAT transversal.
AS: Application Server, implements specific services and interacts with the CSCF to deliver it to users.

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6. VoLGA Voice over LTE via Generic Access

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VANC: The VANC behaves like a BSC or RNC towards the CS domain, The VANC includes a

Security Gateway (SeGW) function that terminates a secure remote access tunnel from each UE,
providing mutual authentication, encryption and integrity protection for signaling traffic.
HOSF Handover Selection Function: The HOSF decides if the HO request from the MME is for
VoLGA or for IMS/SRVCC and routes the request accordingly
SGi: is the reference point between the P-GW and the packet data network.
Sv: is the reference point between the MME/SGSN and MSC Server. Sv applies to two interfaces:
(1) between the MME and HOSF, and (2) between the HOSF and MSC Server.
Z1: is the reference point between the UE and VANC, which is based on the Up interface defined
in TS 43.318 [2].
Z3: is the reference point between the VANC and HOSF. It is based on GTPv2-C as specified in TS
29.274 [30]. The Z3 reference point is used for the creation and deletion of VANC-UE bindings in
the HOSF, and to route the SRVCC PS to CS Handover Request message to the VANC.

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