MRTD Application for Scattering Analysis

Qunsheng Gaol, P. K. A. Wail, and Yinchao Chen' 'Department of Electronic and Information Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PRC *Department of Electrical Engineering University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208. USA

Abstracf - A three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering model based on the multiresolution time-domain (MRTD) scheme is presented, in which we apply an anisotropic perfectly matched layer (APML) absorber for open boundary truncation to the MRTD scattering analysis. In this research, we develop an MRTD near-to-far-zone field transform to derive the scattered fields, and adopt the pure scattered field formulation in order to obtain
effective incident and scattered fields.
With applications of thc M K T D

scheme, we construct the surface equivalent currents in the near-zone region and further derive the radar cross section (RCS) in the far-zone region for different scattering targets including perfectly electric conducting and lossy dielectric targets.

I. INTRODUCTION The multiresolution time domain (MRTD) scheme as a high-order expansion technique has been recently developed to analyze practical electromagnetic problcm [ I ] . A twodimensional (2D) MRTD scheme has been successFully developed for radar cross section (RCS) scattering analysis [2].
In this research, we further develop a three-dimensional (3D) MRTD scattering scheme, and apply the scheme for the scattering analysis of various perfectly electric conducting and dielectric scattering targets. We derive the generalized MRTD field update equations involving both the perfectly electric conducting and dielectric scattering-targets, and develop an MRTD near-to-far-zone field transfomiation for the calculation of the radar cross section (RCS).
11. MRTD SCHEME FOR 3D-SCATTERING Similar to the technique employed in the FDTD method [3]. we adopt the pure scattered field formulation in the MRTD method. Inside the target region, there are scattered and incident fields while outside the target there is only scattered field [2].

We start from the governing equations, whose s-component of E-lields reads

(1)

In MRTD scheme, we expand all the scattering field quantities in terms ol' the scaling functions in space and the pulse functions in time [I]. For example, .i\-coinponents ofthe fields can be expanded as

0-7803-7070-8/01/$10.00 02001 IEEE

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where

@z

( I ) ,

@, (y) and
-,catHn-)$

@k ( 2 )

denote the space cubic. spline Battle-Lemarie scaling

functions, and h,(t) is a rectangular pulse function. The x-component of the update equations for the H-fields is
3catHn+X

r.J+X,k+X-

I.,+,@+X

AI
+ Lo ~a m(m)(
~

'%E:,+X,k+m+l

~-SC~'E~,+rn+l,k+):

dy

"j

(3)

where the coefficients a ( m ) ' s are listed in [I 1.

Considering a lossy dielectric target (a # m), we can derive, for example, the update equation of the x-component for E-fields:
ICU,

nil

Ez+,b,,J,k

c. =T

scat

EC+x..J,k

For simplicity, we have used a diagonal approximation to evaluate these coefficients. AAer obtaining near fields, we can further derive the radar cross section (RCS) by using a near-to-far-field transformation, which is similar to the method developed in [2], [4].
1 1 1 . NUMERICAL RESULTS Our first example is to analyze a perfectly conducting plate w i t h dimensions of 29 c m x 29 cm x 1cm [31. An incident plane wave is specified in the direction with 0, = 45", @, = 30", and v = 0 " . We calculate the bistatic RCS with 0, = 4 5 O and
@ , = 210". Fig. 1 shows comparison results for the calculated.MRTD RCS with those

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Target Ax=Ay(cm),Az(cm) At (lO-s) Target Dimensions (cells) Computational Space (cells) (Non-AMPL)

PEC Plate (29x29x1cm3)

MRTD FDTD

Lossy Dielectric Plate (1 8x1 8x6cm)

MRTD FDTD

0.90, 0.86 0.3, 0.3 4.83, 1.0 1.0, 1.0 0.626 0.5 1.89 1.92 6x6~1 29x29~1 20x20~7 60x60~20 22x22~17 60x60~49 40x40~27 80x80~40

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-70 -

10

-jOl
-60

-70
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Scattering angle Os (degrees)

Fig. 2 RCS for a lossy dielectric flat plate as a function of S. (0, = 0" , 4, = 0",
=90", and

e, = 0 ) at f = 3.15GHz.
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