STRUCTURAL STEELWORK & TIMBER DESIGN

ECS328
INTRODUCTION TO STEEL DESIGN
MOHD AZUAN TUKIAR BKBA 2.12 012-5149452 azuan.tukiar@ppinang.uitm.edu.my Faculty of Civil Engineering, UiTM Penang

5. DESIGN OF STEEL CONNECTION USING SIMPLE CONNECTION

1. INTRODUCTION TO STEEL DESIGN

STEEL DESIGN

4. DESIGN OF AXIALLY LOADED TENSION MEMBERS 3. DESIGN OF AXIALLY LOADED STEEL COLUMN

2. DESIGN OF RESTRAINED BEAM

1. Know properties and composition type of steel. (CO1-PO3)

2. Know types of structural steel elements, steel section and application of steelwork . (CO1-PO3) 3. Know the theory used in structural steel design and different design methods for building using structural steelwork. (CO1-PO3)

Steel and aluminum are the two main structural materials used in Civil Engineering works. This course will focus mainly on steel structures although the principles involved are similar in both materials The origin of modern building material such as structural steelwork can be traced back to the birth of Industrial Revolution in the later part of the 18th Century and it marked the end of era in which timber and masonry were the dominant materials of building. The design of modern steelwork is undertaken in U.K to comply with the requirement of BS5950: Part 1: 2000. Currently, Malaysia also has applied BS5950: Part 1: 2000 in design of steelwork in building and later, it replaced with EUROCODE 3 EN1993: Design of Steel Structure.

3.MECHANICAL 1. PHYSICAL
1. The measurement of a physical property may change the arrangement of matter in a sample, but not the structure of its molecules. 2. In other words, a physical property may involve a physical change, but not a chemical change 3. Examples of physical properties include mass, density, color, boiling point, temperature, volume, density, specific heat, thermal expansion, conductivity, melting point etc. 4. Physical properties of steel was depend on the chemical properties of steel

PROPERTIES OF STEEL

1. Mechanical properties of steel are defined as the reaction of the material to certain types of external forces. 2. Examples of mechanical Tensile properties include strength, Yield Strength, Ductility, Hardness, Notch Toughness, Fatigue

2. CHEMICAL

1. Properties that used to characterize materials in reactions that change their identity 2. The basic element is iron and Carbon. The other alloying elements will create special properties in the steel. 3. The carbon content must be kept low, preferably at 0.25% or less (BS EN 10024, BSEN 10025). Steel with high carbon content will suffer from problems such as low ductility (too brittle) as well as welding difficulties and not suitable for structural steel members. 4. Carbon (C) Ferrous (Fe) plus P, S, Mg, Vn, Cr, Mo, Ni, Cu and etc 5. Composition of steel that differentiate the physical and mechanical properties of the steel

CLASSIFICATION & COMPOSITION OF STEEL

FERROUS STEEL CAST -IRON 1. 2. 3. 4.

METAL

NONFERROUS

1. Grey Cast Iron 2. White Cast Iron 3. Malleable Cast Iron 4. Ductile Cast iron

Plain Carbon Steel Alloy Steel Stainless Steel Tool Steel

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Aluminum & Alloys Cooper & Alloys Magnesium & Alloys Nickel & Alloys Zinc & Alloys Titanium

BRACING SHEETING RAILS

BEAM & GIRDERS

STEEL STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

PURLINS

TIES

STRUT

TRUSSES

COLUMN & STANCHIONS

HOT ROLLED SECTIONS

COMPOUND SECTIONS

COLD ROLLED SECTIONS

STEEL SECTIONS

BUILD-UP SECTIONS

ADVANTAGES OF STEEL

STRENGTH

UNIFORMITY FLEXIBILITY

ELASTICITY REDUCE OVERALL COST DUCTILITY SUSTAINABILITY

BRIDGES

CHIMNEY

BUILDING FRAMES

APPLICATION OF STEELWORK

MAST

TEMPORARY SUPPORT

CONTAINERS

WHY DO WE NEED DESIGN ??

FULLFILL INTENDED FUNCTION

SAFETY ASPECT AVOID UNDERDESIGN

ECONOMIC ASPECT AVOID OVERDESIGN

ELASTIC DESIGN
In elastic design, the maximum load that a structure could support was assumed to equal the load that first caused a stress somewhere in the structure to equal the yield stress of the material Steel is almost perfectly elastic up to the yield point & structures are analyzed by elastic theory. Sections are sized with yield stress not exceeded One drawback of using elastic method for designing such structures with ductile members is that the reserve strength beyond elastic limit is neither quantified nor utilized explicitly. But more importantly, the yield state (mechanism) of the structure at ultimate strength level is also not known. The yield mechanism may involve structural members that could lead to undesirable system performance under accidental overloading or extreme events, such as strong earthquake ground motion, blast, impact, etc.

STEEL DESIGN THEORY

LIMIT STATE DESIGN
Structure should be design by considering the limit states beyond which they would become unfit for their intended uses. Appropriate partial factor should be applied to provide adequate degrees of reliability for : ULTIMATE LIMIT STATE - Strength, Stability (overturn & sway), fracture (fatigue & brittle) SERVICEABILITY LIMIT STATE Deflection, Vibration, Repairable damage due to fatigue, Corrosion & Durability . When ULS are reached, whole structure or part of it collapses while when SLS reached, the whole structure or part of it is unfit for normal use but do not indicate collapse mechanism.

PLASTIC DESIGN
Plastic design takes advantage of an important & unique property of mild steel, namely its ductility. Plastic design take into account behavior past the yield point & it is based on finding the load that causes the structure to collapse. Plastic design take into consideration long yield plateau which allows the possibility of considerable plastic strain at constant stress
WORK LOAD = COLLAPSE LOAD LOAD FACTOR

In reality, structure can fail not only due to failure of material, but also due to excessive deformation. Therefore, Limit State Design concept was introduced

Continuous Design

DESIGN METHOD

Simple Design

Rigid joint, transmit full moment. Joint has some sufficient rotational stiffness to transmit moment from one member to another. Joint must sufficient capacity to resist the moment and other forces developed from the analysis based on the assumed rigid connection. Rigid connection is the default in most computer software

Semi-Continuous Design
Semi-rigid joint, transmit partial moment. Joints has some degree of rigidity, also called semi-rigid connection. Performance of joint must be based on experimental evidence

Pinned joint, transmit nominal moment. Joint only developed a nominal moment. Columns and connections must be designed for this moment. Assumed pinned connections for the analysis purposes. Must provide lateral force resisting system (braces, shear wall, etc). Simple and economical. Use whenever possible.

Continuous Design

Semi-Continuous Design

Simple Design

INTRODUCTION TO EUROCODE