HEALTH: The protection of the bodies and minds of people from illness resulting from the materials, processes

or procedures used in the workplace. SAFETY: The protection of people from physical injury. The borderline health & safety is ill-defined and the two words are normally used together to indicate concern for the physical and mental well being of the individual at the place of work. WELFARE: The provision of facilities to maintain the health and well-being of the individuals at the workplace. Welfare facilities includes washing and sanitation arrangements, the provision of drinking water, heating, lighting, accommodation for clothing, seating (when required by the work activity) eating and rest rooms. First aid arrangements are also considered as welfare facilities. OCCUPATIONAL OR WORK RELATED ILL-HEALTH: Illness or physical and mental disorders that are either caused or triggered by workplace activities. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION: Arrangements to cover those activities in the work place which affect the environment ( in the form of flora, fauna, water, air and soil) and possibly, the health and safety of the employees and others. Such activities include waste and effluent disposal and atmospheric pollution. ACCIDENT: Any unplanned events that results in injury or ill health of people, or damage or loss to property, plant, materials or the environment or a loss of business opportunity. NEAR MISS: Any incident that could have resulted in an accident. DANGEROUS OCCURRENCE: A near miss which could have led to serious injury or loss of life. HAZARD AND RISK: A hazard is the potential of a substance, activity or process to cause harm. ( Hazards take many forms including, for example, chemicals, electricity and working from a ladder. ( Anything that has potential to cause harm). A risk is the likelihood of a substance, activity or a process to cause harm. The level risk remains when controls have been adopted is known as the residual risk. (Consequences of events are termed as Risk). ACCIDENTS: 1) Accident incident rate : Meaning Explain Number of accidents / incidents per thousand employees. = Total incident / Accident * 1000 Total employees 2) Record should be maintained Why ? Explain 1) Legal requirements (RIDDOR & BI 510)

2) 3)

Identifying the trends. Insurance

3) Cause of accident & cause of an injury Difference Explain Immediate & root causes of undesired events. 4) Above difference is importance to investigate the accident Why (Accident causation theory & need to develop & need to develop investigation procedures to identify root causes). 5) Reference to RIDDOR 1995 A) List four types of major injury