UNESCO-NIGERIA TECHNICAL & VOCATIONAL EDUCATION REVITALISATION PROJECTPHASE II

NATIONAL DIPLOMA IN CIVIL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY

CIVIL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION I

COURSE CODE: CEC105

YEAR I- SEMESTER I PRACTICAL

Table of Contents WEEK 1 PRACTICAL Set out a building

WEEK 2

PRACTICAL Set out building (3-4-5) method

WEEK 3

PRACTICAL Set up a moving profile for circular building PRACTICAL Building a brick wall PRACTICAL Making a precast lintel PRACTICAL Insitu concrete lintel PRACTICAL Laying bituminous felt PRACTICAL Applying asphalt finish PRACTICAL Fixing timber staircase on site PRACTICAL Making concrete staircase PRACTICAL SETTING OUT USING THEODOLITE METHOD

WEEK 4

WEEK 5

WEEK 6

WEEK 7

WEEK 8

WEEK 9

WEEK 10

WEEK 11

WEEK 12 EXCAVATING DRAIN POSITIONS

WEEK 13 TESTING DRAINS WEEK 14 CONSTRUCTION OF BATTENED DOORS WEEK 15 CONSTRUCTION OF FRAME AND BRACED DOORS

WEEK 1 PRACTICAL TITLE: AIM: SET OUT A BUILDING KNOW HOW TO SET OUT A BUILDING

EQUIPMENT: sharp pegs, a mallet, a hammer, a ball of string, a 30 metre steel tape PROCEDURES: 1. Assemble the equipment for setting out: sharp pegs, a mallet, a hammer, a ball of string, a 30 metre steel tape 2. Find out the distance from the site boundary to the building line on the working Drawing. Use the tape to measure the same distance from the site boundary to the location of the building line on the ground. Select a corner on the ground to be corner A. 3. Place a peg in the ground at corner A and hammer a nail into the top of the peg. 4. Repeat these steps to place a peg in the ground for corner B 5. Tie the string between pegs A and B. Check that the distance on the ground is the same measurement as the distance on the drawing. 6. Repeat these steps for corners C and D.

7. Measure the diagonals A-D and B-C (the two diagonal should be equal) 8. Use the builders square to check that the corners are at right angles.

WEEK 2 TITLE: SET OUT A BUILDING AIM: SET OUT A BUILDING USING 3-4-5 METHOD

PROCEDURES: 1. Nail three pieces of timber together which you cut to these lengths to make a frame 750mm 1000mm 1250mm A frame with a right angled corner is called a square. 2. Place the right angle of the square against the lines between the corners. If the corners are not at right angles then move the corner pegs until they make right angles. 3. Measure the diagonals to check that they are the same length.

WEEK 3 TITLE: SETTING OUT BUILDING AIM: SETTING UP A MOVING PROFILE FOR CIRCULAR

BUILDING. PROCEDURES: 1. Find out the radius of the building from the working drawings 2. Mark out the measurement on the ground. 3. Place a stake securely in the ground at the end of the radius in the centre of the building. 4. Drill a 12mm hole in the stake 5. Place a 12mm reinforcing bars in the hole in the stake 6. Check that the top of the bar is level. 7. Cement the stake in position 8. Loop a piece of rope which is the length of the radius of the building over the reinforcing bar 9. Measure the distance to the inner and outer sides of the foundation from the working drawing 10. Use the rope to measure the same distances on the ground 11. Mark the distances around the outline of the building

WEEK 4 TITLE: AIM: BUILDING A BRICK WALL KNOW HOW TO BUILD A BRICKWALL

PROCEDURES: 1. Use the profile lines to locate an external corner on the strip foundation 2. Use a builders level held vertically or a plumb-line to mark the position of the external corner with wet mortar. Repeat steps 1 and 2 for all four corners. 3. Stretch a line between the corners to provide a position for the first course of brick. Secure the line by wrapping it around a brick and putting another brick on top. Remove the line after the first course of bricks is laid 4. Lay the bricks in a row. Adjust their position by tapping the bricks back for 8 or 10 courses. Check that they are level horizontally and vertically with the builders level 5. Build up the corners by racking the brick back for 8 or 10 courses. Check your accuracy with builders level. Use a gauge rod to control the height. 6. Insert metal pegs in the mortar joint on the corners for each completed course of brickwork. Stretch a line between the pegs so that it is flush

with the surface of the brickwork to provide a guide for the next course of brickwork. 7. Continue checking horizontal and vertical levels. 8. From the joints while the mortar is soft.

WEEK 5 TITLE: CASTING A PRECAST LINTEL AIM: KNOW HOT TO PRCAST LINTEL IS MADE

PROCEDURES: 1. Make a timber box in an open top, which is the same size as the external dimensions of the finished lintel. 2. Paint the inside of the box with releasing oil. This stop the concrete sticking to the timber 3. Bend the end of the reinforcement bars to right angles (900). If the lintel contains more than one bar, then make short cross bars and wire the cross bar to the long bars 4. Insert spacers that holds the bars 25mm from the bottom of the formwork. Spacers are small cement block embedded with tie wires that you use to attach them to the bars 5. Place the reinforcement in the formwork and check that the bars are 50mm from each end of the box and supported by spacers. 6. Mix the require amount of concrete 7. Pour the concrete into the timber box and make sure that it flows down around and under the rods, then pack it down to remove any trapped air.

8. Make a smooth finish on the top of the concrete with a wood float and write the word top on the concrete. 9. Cover the box with wet sacking and leave to set for seven days.

WEEK 6 TITLE: AIM: PROCEDURES: 1. Erect the timber formwork across the opening and support it from the floor below. Use wedges to level the support and formwork. 2. Seal all the joint with building paper or mastic between the timber formwork and the brickwork to stop the cement and water leaking out. 3. Paint the inside of the formwork with releasing oil. 4. Place the reinforcement in the formwork using the same method describe in making precast lintel 5. Pour the concrete and cover it with wet sacking and leave it for seven days. INSITU CONCRETE LINTEL MAKING AN INSITU CONCRETE LINTEL

WEEK SEVEN TITLE: LAYING BITUMINOUS FELT

AIM: LAYING BITUMINOUS FELT ON ROOF PROCEDURES: 1. Roll out the first sheet of felt over the roof boarding and nail it with large head roofing nails. 2. Roll out the next sheet of felt so that it overlaps the first by 50mm and nail it down 3. Continue step 1 and 2 until the entire roof is covered in a layer of felt 4. Apply hot bitumen to the first layer of felt. Then roll out another layer, but do not nail it. The sheets in this layer should overlap the first layer by 50mm. 5. Repeat step 4 with the third layer 6. Spread a layer of white marble or limestone chips set in bitumen over the top layer to reflect heat.

WEEK 8 TITLE: AIM: APPLYING A MASTIC ASPHALT FINISH LAY MASTIC ASPHALT FINISH

PROCEDURES: 1. Melt the solid blocks of asphalt in a boiler. 2. Sweep the roof surface. 3. Lay an under felt cover over the roof surface that prevents the penetration of the asphalt into the roof surface. 4. Carry the hot melted asphalt in buckets to the roof. 5. Spread a 10mm thick layer of asphalt by hand with a wood float 6. Apply the second layer to the same thickness so that it melts into the first layer and weld the edges of the two layers together to a 20mm thickness. 7. Make a 450 wedge or fillet at the junction with vertical upstands that increase the thickness of the asphalt at week points. Vertical upstands should be at least 150 mm above the finished level of the asphalt. 8. Spread a 12 mm layer of white crushed stone over the surface or paint the surface with reflective paint.

WEEK 9 TITLE: AIM: FIXING A TIMBER STAIRCASE ON SITE HOW TO FIX TIMBER STAIRCASE ON SITE

PROCEDURES: 1. Fix the stair to the wall with plugs and crews. 2. Tightly fix against the staircase trimmer joist at the top and be cut and shaped to fit against the skirting beside it. 3. Make the lower end of the staircase rests on the floor. 4. Cut and match to the skirting as required 5. Insert the outer string in the newel posts at the top and bottom. The stair wall trimmer slots into the top newel post and they are screwed or nailed together. 6. Fix the lower newel post to the floor with brackets. 7. Finally, fit the handrail and balustrade to the string and newels to complete the staircase fixing on site.

WEEK 10 TITLE: AIM: CONCRETE STAIRCASE MAKING A CONCRETE STAIRCASE

PROCEDURES: A concrete staircase is usually made on site. The construction procedure is the same as for other concrete slab. 1. Erect timber formwork 2. Oil the formwork to prevent the concrete sticking to the timber 3. Position the steel reinforcement 4. Mix concrete by hand or mixer 5. Pour concrete and compact 6. Cure concrete for seven days 7. Remove the formwork after seven days

WEEK11 TITLE:SETTINGOUTUSINGTHEODOLITEMETHOD AIM:KnowHowToSetoutBuildingUsingTheodolite PROCEDURES:

1. MountandsettheinstrumentatpointA,sightthetelescope,rangeandpeg outpointEandBtoestablishthebuildingline 2. turnthetheodolitescrews,setandadjustthedegreereadingto0to00turn thetelescopeoftheinstrumentonthetripodstandtowardstherightaxisuntil youcansight9000000usingtheinstrumentrangetoestablishandpegout pointFandC

3. transfertheinstrumenttopointC,andfollowingthesameprocedureatA, rangeAandF,settheangle0000000,turnforwardstherightaxistosight andobtain90000000andtoestablishpointGandD 4. pointHcouldbeestablishedbyusingameasuringtape. 5. checkthewholemeasurementagainbymountingtheinstrumentonpointsB andDandrepeatthewholeprocess

WEEK12 TITLE:EXCAVATINGDRAINPOSITIONS AIM:KnowHowToExcavateDrainPositions PROCEDURES: 1. Mark out the position of the drain runs on the ground and mark the manhole positions. 2. Calculatethedepthoftheinvertsatthemanholespositions. 3. Calculatethedepthoftheexcavationandadd100mmforbeddingifrequired. 4. measuretheheightoftheuppersightrailabovethedatum 5. set up sight rails on the first straight drain run and calculate the length of the traveler. 6. excavate the trench until you reach the correct level by lining up the traveler orboningrodwiththelinebetweenthesightrails 7. insert some pegs in the bottom of the trench that project 100mm off the bottom 8. fill the bottom of the trench with 100mm granular material until it covers the pegs.

9. attach a batten to the bottom of the rod so that it can sit drains on the bedding and keep checking the levels with the boning rod. Joint the pipes so thatsocketfacestheflow 10.testthedrainsandbackfill 11.repeatprocedureforthenextdrainrun

WEEK13 TITLE:TESTINGDRAINS AIM:KnowHowDrainsaretestedforleakageusingthehydraulictestmethod THEORY: Drains that carry sewage must not leak into surrounding ground. To ensure that the joints are secured, drains should be tested before they are covered. Theyarethreemethodoftestingdrains:

1. theballtest 2. thehydraulictest 3. themirrorandtorchtest PROCEDURE:Hydraulictest 1. plugthelowerendofadrainrun 2. insertatemporaryjointanda1.5meterlengthofpipeatthehigherend 3. pourwaterinthedrainuntiltheuprightpipeisfull. 4. leaveitfortwohours 5. checkthelevel 6. topthewaterlevelup

7. checkthelevelsagainafterhalfanhour thelevelshoulddroplessthan6.4mmpermetreof100mmpipeor4.5mmper 150mmpipe. Ifthedropinthewaterlevelisgreaterthan6.4mmor4.5mmthenthepipe

mustbeinspectedforleakandyourepairorreplaceit.

WEEK14 TITLE:DOORCONSTRUCTION AIM:Knowhowtomakealedged,bracedandbatteneddoor. THEORY: This is a very simple door for internal or external use and is cheap to make Itconsistofthefollowing:

1. Tongued,groovedandVjointbattensmeasuring10025mm 2. Diagonal piles pieces called braces that measure about 10025mm. braces shouldbefixedsothattheyslopeupawayfromthehinges PROCEDURES: 1. assemblebattensthataretherightsizeforthedoor 2. gluethetonguesandgroovestogether 3. screwornailthebattenstotheledges 4. cutoutandfitthebracesbetweentheledges 5. nailthebattenstothebraces. Thistypeofdoordoesnothaveanyspecialwoodworkingjoints.

WEEK15 TITLE:DOORCONSTRUCTION AIM:Knowhowtomakeframed,bracedandbatteneddoor. THEORY: This door is strong then the ledged, braced and battened door because thebattensaresetinsideatimberframe Theframed,bracedandbatteneddoorconsistofthefollowingpieces:

1. Battensthatformthesurfaceofthedoor 2. Aframewithaheadrail,bottomrailandtwostiles 3. Aledge 4. Braces PROCEDURE: 1. cutandassemblethepiecesoftheframetofitthedoorsize 2. inserttheheadandbottomrailintorecessesinthestiles 3. fitthebraces 4. nailthebattensonthebracesandstile.