WELCOME YOU TO

PIRPANJAL RAILWAY TUNNEL SITE

THE LONGEST TRANSPORTATION TUNNEL IN INDIA

PRESENTATION COVERS
Location Overview Salient Features of The Tunnel Construction Approach Pre-construction Planning Usage Of NATM in T-80 Construction Activities Quality Assurance Environment Issues Social Impact
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LOCATION OVERVIEW

ALIGNMENT PLAN JAMMU-UDHAMPUR-SRINAGAR-BARAMULLA RAIL LINK

BARAMULLA

SOPORE HAMRE PATTAN RAJWANSHE R BUDGA M SRINAGA R PAMPOR E KAKPORA AWANTIPORA PUNZGA BIJBEHARA M ANANTNAG SADUR A QAZIGUN D

PIR PANJAL RAIL TUNNEL Length 11100 mts.

BANIHA L

ARPINCHALA BHATTA LOALE KOHLI SANGALDAN SURUKOT BARALA BASAND SALAL A--DHAR REASI

South portal photo

KATRA CHAKARWAH UDHAMPUR RAMNAGAR ROAD SANGAR MANWA L BAJALT A

JAMM U

SOUTH PORTAL
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SALIENT FEATURES OF T-80

Total length 11 Km Adit 774 m (58 m2 exc. Area) Shaft : 55 m depth , 12 m dia Maximum overburden - 1.10 Km Tunnelling method :NATM (New Austrian Tunneling Method) Completed Cost 1150 Crores Approx. 440 m below existing Jawahar Road Tunnel(2.75km) Underground excavation : 10 lac cubic meter Cross section Area : Excavation : 67 to 78 m2 , Finished Tunnel : 48 m2 Investigation Bore Holes depth upto 640 m 6

SALIENT FEATURES OF T-80 (Contd.)

3 m wide road in tunnel for maintenance, emergency rescue & relief. High mid point & sloping in both directions for drainage. Provision of system for ventilation, fire fighting & safety monitoring. Adit & shaft for parallel working, to be used for ventilation, maintenance & emergency relief during service. Extensive instrumentation for monitoring during tunneling Consultants : M/s Geoconsult-RITES JV
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MANY FIRSTS
The Longest Transport Tunnel In The Country (11Km) Highest Over- burden of 1100M

Deepest Drill holes Investigations 640M

for

Geotechnical

First Large Scale Use of New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) in India First Use of Road header for Tunnel Excavation in Railway Tunneling
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CONSTRUCTION APPROACH

APPROACH TO CONSTRUCTION NO ADIT

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APPROACH TO CONSTRUCTION WITH SHAFT AND ADIT

Adit 788 m

Cross Passage 55 m

Vertcal Shaft 55m deep, 12m dia

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STRUCTURAL GAUGE

Tunnel Cross Section:

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TUNNELS SECTIONS USED ON KONKAN TRACK

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PAY LINE 150 TH. FROM Min. EXCAVATION 25 mm 3 to 5m ROCK BOLTS AS PER SITE REQUIREMENT Min. EXCAVATION LINE 50mm TH. R.C.C. LAGGING ISHB 150 @ 500 C/C 300 TH. C.C. LINING FINISH LINE SHOTCRETE(25mm+WIRE MESH +50mm) OR 50mm SFRS

PRESSURE RELIEF HOLES 5m DEEP @ 3m c/c LONGITUDINALLY AS PER SITE REQUIREMENT

100

PRESSURE RELIEF HOLES 5m DEEP @ 3m c/c LONGITUDINALLY AR AS PER SITE REQUIREMENT

BACK FILLING M-10

50 150

150

TYPICAL RAILWAY TUNNEL SECTION USED ON JAMMUUDHAMPUR RAIL LINK

50 TH. R.C.C. LAGGING SHOTCRETE25mm + WIREMESH+50mm OR 50mm SFRS 300 TH. CONC. LINING M-20 ISHB 150 @ 500 c/c

ISHB 150 @ 750 c/c

BLOWER

900

ISHB200 @ 750 C/C

4370

1676

RAIL

50

675

150 100

1312

675

LEVEL 8 @ 150 C/C 75 @ 2000 C/C MS PLATE 12mm THICK ISHB150-2NOS.

BASE PLATE 12mm THICK

150 Max. 150

1 in 40
M20

75 50 150

65

150(max)

INVERT STRUT ISHB150 @ 500mm

MIN. EXCAV. LINE PAY LINE

25mm 3mto5m ROCK BOLT AS PER SITE REQUIREMENT

SEC. AT A-A

00

R2 6

R3 0

00

FINISH LINE

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LOADING DIAGRAM FOR TUNNEL

TOP PRESSURE-15000KG/M AND SIDE PRESSURE-5000KG/M

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BENDING MOMENTS DIAGRAM FOR D-SHAPE TUNNEL

TOP PRESSURE-15000KG/M AND SIDE PRESSURE-5000KG/M

MAX BENDING MOMENT = 137KN-M

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BENDING MOMENT DIAGRAM FOR ELLIPITCAL TUNNEL TOP PRESSURE 15000KG/M AND SIDE PRESSURE 5000KG/M

MAX. BENDING MOMENT = 35.80KN-M

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COMPARISION BETWEEN D-SHAPED AND ELLIPTICAL TUNNEL

DESCRIPTION MAX. AXIAL FORCE MAX. BENDING MOMENT MAX. SHEAR FORCE MAX. DISPLACEMENT

WITH TOP PRESSURE 15000 KG/M & SIDE PRESSURE 5000 KG/M D-SHAPED TUNNEL ELLIPTICAL TUNNEL 412.5KN 567 KN 137KN-M 35.80KN-M 15129 KG 9025 KG 0.083 M 0.024 M

WITH TOP PRESSURE 15000 KG/M D-SHAPED TUNNEL ELLIPTICAL TUNNEL 412.5KN 639 KN 48.10 KN-M 35.65 KN-M 8565 KG 9635 KG 0.03 M 0.028 M

CONSTRUCTION METHOD SELECTION

DRILL AND BLAST
ROAD HEADER TUNNEL BORING MACHINE (TBM)

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DRILL AND BLAST

CONVENTIONAL, ART WHICH COMES WITH EXPERIENCE GOOD IN HARD ROCKY STRATA WITH EXPERIENCE, CAN DELIVER GOOD PROGRESS NON CONTINUOUS- CYCLE INVOLVES VARIOUS ACTIVITIES IN SEQUENCE MAY SPRING SUDDEN SURPRISES

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ROAD HEADER
CONTINUOUS ADVANCELESS SURPRISES MORE CONTROLLED EXCAVATION- LESS OVERBREAK/CAVITY FORMATION SUITABLE FOR MEDIUM HARD ROCK CAN BE WITHDRAWN MID WAY TO GIVE WAY FOR OTHER METHODS

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TUNNEL BORING MACHINE

CONTINUOUS ADVANCE CIRCULAR SECTION NOT SUITABLE UNDER SQUEEZING CONDITIONS CANNOT BE WITHDRAWN MIDWAY TO GIVE WAY TO OTHER METHODS

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WHY NO TBM
Likelihood of Mixed Geology Heavily Faulted Areas and/or Wide Fault Zones High Squeezing Anticipated in middle with High Overburden (1100 mts.) Heavy Water Flow in Lime Stone Zone with High overburden TBM may be Trapped by Ground Movement Behind the Face
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PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PLANNING
Engagement of Consultant
QCB System Of tendering

Survey and Investigation Head start by Taking up ADIT and shaft works in advance Tender Planning
Key dates Multi Method Approach
Road Header/ D&B
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USAGE OF NATM IN T-80

Suitable for poor and Varying Geology of Himalayan Region X-Section designed to develop Maximum Self Supporting Capacity Face Mapping, Probe Hole & Instrumentation data input for Initial Support Design RESS
Primary Support System
Resilient enough to Accept the deformations and readjustment of stresses and Strong enough to take the loads

Deformation Monitoring to assess the stress redistribution, and stabilization before final lining
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INSTRUMENTATION
To provide early information about tunnel behaviour in order to optimize excavation & support activities during construction and to recognize the requisite remedial measures. Instrumentation data is basic input of the NATM, the observational approach.
Instrumentation in Pir Panjal Tunnel:

Optical 3 D monitoring:
Extensometers: Radial Pressure Cells: Shotcrete Strain meter: Piezometer:

With bi-reflex targets to monitor deformation in tunnel on daily basis

To measure stresses in surrounding rock mass To measure pressure of rockmass on shotcrete lining To monitor stresses in shotcrete lining To monitor hydrostatic pressure during tunneling

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CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITES
Open excavation & portal development Tunnel mining & primary lining Water-proof membrane installation + drainage system. Secondary lining. Ventilation, system and safety installations Track laying
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QUALITY ASSURANCE
Laid down responsibilities, procedures and checklists for various activities through:
CPM, CQM, SH&EM PPM, PSM Organogram QAP ITP
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QUALITY ASSURANCE (contd)

Availability of relevant documentation and defining the manner of execution of various activities Maintaining compliance through appropriate monitoring Ensuring adequate support facilities for successful & scheduled execution of work. Availability of competent/trained personnel to carry out various activities Compliance of statutory/regulatory requirements related to safety, environment etc.

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Quality Assurance (contd)

Check Lists and Forms for Process Control During Execution of Works:
Required Excavation and Support Sheet (RESS) ATSS/ Shift Report/Blasting clearance report/ R/Bolt Installation report Shotcrete testing by Penetrometer test, Core crushing test, thickness verification etc. Geological mapping (Geological face mapping sheet) Lining Air Permeability Test All Material Testing at Site Lab

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ENVIRONMENT ISSUES
Identified Muck Dumping areas Recycling of Excavated Rocks
aggregate for concrete constn.

Effluent Settling Tank

Fit for agriculture discharge

Ventilation during Construction Stage

Gas Analyser for air quality monitoring

Controlled Blasting below Inhabited areas Lined Waterproof Tunnel

No long term impact on water table/ Aquifers
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SOCIAL IMPACT
All weather link, Alternate to Jawahar Tunnel Even at Construction stage, given a boost to
local construction-industry Employment Transportation business

A boost to Local economy of Banihal

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Time Line

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PIR PANJAL TUNNELEXCAVATION PROGRESS

Year 2006 2007 2008 Excavation Remarks (mts.) 722 Two Faces 1876 Start From 4 Faces 2475

2009
2010

2533
1739 Two Faces after Jan10

2011
2012

947 High overburden,

Squeezing, Shale

63

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A thing should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler. Einstein

Miles to go

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THANKS !

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ENGAGEMENT OF CONSULTANT
Investigations for Tunneling Methodology Assessment Initial Design
Usage of NATM Usage of Water proof Membrane for Semi Dry Tunnel Development of 4-Arc Tunnel X-Section Additional Access through ADIT and Shaft Portal Location Review

Real Time Monitoring / Instrumentation and Design Support

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INVESTIGATIONS & PLANNING

2003 Geological L-Section Profile Submitted by M/s RITES based on GSI data.Used to decide the Bore hole Location.

2003-04 2004

Bore holes by RITES/ MECLTo Confirm Geological Mapping inference

Consultants engaged in Feb. 2004

Geological Surface Mapping along the entire alignment by For Detailed Geological Section

2004 2004

Data input for Tendering and a Decision Support System for ADIT and Shaft decision Adit & Shaft Work Awarded in June 2004

Detailed Topographical Survey for Portal Location

2005

Main Tunnel Construction Work Awarded in August 2005

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BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NATM Rock Mass is the major load bearing member Primary Support shall
maintain the integrity & strength of Rock Mass light, have good and area contact (shotcrete) strengthen Rock Mass (bolt, grouting) provide protection to workers (steel rib, mesh) installed quickly

Provide always an effective ring closure, if necessary by an invert if rock is not suitable

BASIC PRINCIPLES OF NATM (Contd.) Rounded shape of Cross-Section Continuous control of system behaviour by monitoring Inner lining shall be installed only after balance of stresses (zero deformation)

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3D Monitoring Targets

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EXTENSOMETER

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FACE MAPPING

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PROBING SHEET

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Deformation Monitoring in Primary Lining Before start of Secondary Lining

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Charging of Face

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Ventilation Duct

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Mucking

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Wire mesh & Lattice Girder Erection

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Face sealing Face sealing by Shotcrete

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Drilling for Forepoling

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Rock Bolting

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TUNNEL MINING
Activity
Drilling & Excavation
Charging , Blasting & Defuming Mucking Wire Mesh & Lattice Girder Shotcrete Rock Bolting Preparation of new face Cycle Time (hr.) 2 mt. RC IV Cycle time (hr.) 1.25 mt. RC V

1.7
2.7 1.1 2.4 0.9 1.8 0.3

0.9
1.5 0.8 2.3 0.8 1.0 0.3

Maintenance
Forepoling Total

1.6
1.6 14.1

1.1
1.7 10.4
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Kicker Beam Casting

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Geotextile Fixing

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PVC Membrane Fixing

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Membrane Stitching

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Reinforcement for Overt Lining

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Reinforcement Cage for Inner Lining

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Concrete Lining Gantry

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View of Finished Lining Concrete

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Profile Checking with Total Station

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Core Cutting

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Testing of Joints (Membrane)

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Sedimentation Tank
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Effluent Quality Test Report

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