ACE AHEAD Chemistry Question Bank Second Term

QUESTION BANK

CHAPTER 9

Periodic Table: Periodicity

Multiple-choice Questions 1 Which property of the elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table changes periodically? A First ionisation energy C Enthalpy of vaporisation B Electronegativity D Melting point 2 The graph below shows the variation of a physical property of elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table.

Na

Cl

What is the physical property that the graph refers to? A Atomic radius C First ionisation energy B Electronegativity D Melting point 3 The figure below shows the log ionisation energy versus the number of electrons removed in atom X.
log ionisation energy number of electrons removed

Which of the following may be the position of atom X in the Periodic Table of elements? A Group 1, Period 3 C Group 1, Period 4 B Group 4, Period 3 D Group 14, Period 3 4 An oxide of X has the following properties: It reacts with sodium hydroxide to form a salt. It changes iron(II) sulphate solution from green to yellow. Which of the following may be oxide X ? A Al2O3 B SiO2
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C SO2 D Cl2O7

ACE AHEAD Chemistry Question Bank Second Term

5 W, X, Y and Z are elements in Period 3 of the Periodic Table. The solubility and the chemical property of the oxides of the elements are given in the table below. Elements Solubility of oxides in water Chemical property W Insoluble Dissolves in a base X Soluble Dissolves in an acid Y Insoluble Dissolves in an acid Z Soluble Dissolves in a base

Which of the following may be elements W, X, Y and Z? W X Y Z A Mg Si Cl Na B Si Na Mg Cl C Cl Na Mg Si D S Mg Al Cl

Structured Question 1 The values of the first ionisation energies of neon, sodium and magnesium are 2080, 494 and 736 kJ mol1 respectively. (a) Explain the meaning of the term first ionisation energy of an atom. (b) Write an equation to illustrate the process occurring when the second ionisation energy of magnesium is measured. (c) Explain why the value of the first ionisation energy of magnesium is higher than that of sodium. (d) Explain why the value of the first ionisation energy first ionisation 1 energy (kJ mol ) of neon is higher than that of sodium. 1600 1400 (e) The diagram shows the values of the first ionisation 1200 energies of some of the elements in Period 3. On the 1000 diagram, use crosses to mark the approximate positions 800 600 of the values of the first ionisation energies for the 400 elements P and S. Complete the diagram by joining 200 the crosses. 0
Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Essay Question 1 (a) Explain how the reactivity of elements (sodium to chlorine) in Period 3 of the Periodic Table towards oxygen changes periodically. (b) Explain the change in bonding and electrical conductivity of the oxides of elements of Period 3 in the molten state. (c) State the change in acid-base property for the oxides of elements in Period 3, sodium to chlorine in the Periodic Table. Write an equation to represent every typical property of the above oxides.

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ACE AHEAD Chemistry Question Bank Second Term

Answer
Multiple-choice Questions 1 B 2 A 3 C 4 D 5 B

Structured Question 1 (a) Minimum energy required (absorbed) to remove 1 mol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous atoms to form 1 mol of gaseous unipositive ions. (b) Mg+(g) Mg2+(g) + e (c) First ionisation energy of sodium involves the removal of an electron from a partially-filled 3s orbital which requires less energy. More energy is required to remove an electron from a filled 3s orbital in magnesium which is more stable. (d) Neon has a stable octet electronic configuration. A lot of energy is required to remove an electron from filled p orbitals. (e) (mark cross for ionisation energy between 10001200 for P, between 8001000 for S) Essay Question 1 (a) Electronegativity of the elements in Period 3 increases from left to right across the period. Oxygen is more electronegative compared to all the elements in Period 3. Hence the reactivity of Period 3 elements towards oxygen decreases across the period. Metals / elements on the left of the period (Na, Mg and Al) react with oxygen to form ionic oxides. Non-metals / elements on the right of the period (Si, P, S and Cl) react with oxygen to form covalent oxides. (b) The bonding in the oxides of elements of Period 3 changes from ionic bond on the left to covalent bond on the right of the period. Oxides of Na, Mg and Al are ionic and can conduct electricity in the molten state. Oxides of Si, S, P and Cl are covalent and cannot conduct electricity in any state. (c) The basicity of the oxides decreases and the acidic property increases from the left to the right across the period. Sodium oxide and magnesium oxide are bases because they can form alkaline solutions with water and can react with acids. Na2O is a stronger basic oxide than MgO because Mg is more electronegative than Na. Na2O(s) + H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) MgO(s) + H2O(l) Mg(OH)2(aq) Na2O(s) + 2H3O+(aq) 2Na+(aq) + 3H2O(l) MgO(s) + 2H3O+(aq) Mg2+(aq) + 3H2O(l) Aluminium oxide, Al2O3 is amphoteric because it reacts with both acid and alkali. Al2O3(s) + 6H3O+(aq) 2Al3+(aq) + 9H2O(l) Al2O3(s) + 2OH(aq) + 3H2O(l) 2Al(OH)4(aq) Phosphorus(III) oxide, phosphorus(V) oxide, silicon dioxide, sulphur dioxide, sulphur trioxide, dichlorine oxide and dichlorine heptaoxide are all acidic oxides. The acidicity of the oxides increases when the electronegativity of the elements increases across the period. SiO2(s) + 2OH(aq) SiO32(aq) + H2O(l) P4O6(s) + 6H2O(l) 4H3PO3(aq) P4O10(s) + 6H2O(l) 4H3PO4(aq) SO2(g) + H2O(l) H2SO3(aq) SO3(g) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq) Cl2O(g) + H2O(l) 2HClO(aq) Cl2O7(l) + H2O(l) 2HClO4(l)
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