429E A 20-ft3 rigid tank initially contains saturated refrigerant 134a vapor at 160 psia.

As a result of
heat transfer from the refrigerant, the pressure drops to 50 psia. Show the process on a P-v diagram with
respect to saturation lines, and determine (a) the final temperature, (b) the amount of refrigerant that has
condensed, and (c) the heat transfer.

De table A-12E, Tsat(50 psia) = 40.23F.
The amount of refrigerant that has
condensed is the total mass minus the mass
that is vapor at the final state. This is m
x2m. We can find the total mass from the
specific volume at the initial state and the
total volume of the container: m = V/v1,
where v1 is the volume of the saturated
vapor, vg, at the initial pressure of 160 psia.
From Table A-12E on page 977 we find that
vg(160 psia) = 0.29316 ft3/lbm, so that the
total mass is given by the following
equation.
m
m
lb
lb
f t
f t
v
V
m 222 . 68
29316 . 0
20
3
3
= = =

The specific volume at the final state is the
same as the initial specific volume, so we
can find the quality at this final state from
the saturated liquid and vapor specific
volumes at the final pressure of 50 psia,
taken from Table A-12E.
3000 . 0
01252 . 0 94791 . 0
01252 . 0 28316 . 0
3 3
3 3
=

=
m m
m m
f g
f
lb
ft
lb
ft
lb
ft
lb
ft
v v
v v
x

mcondensed = m mx2 = (1 x2) m = ( 1 0.3000 ) ( 68.222 lbm ) = 47.75 lbm.
We have to find the internal energy at the initial and final states to compute the heat transfer. The initial
internal energy is simply ug(160 psia) = 108.50 Btu/lbm (Table A-12E). The internal energy at the final
state is found from the saturation properties and the quality, x2 = 0.3000.
m m m
g f
lb
Btu
lb
Btu
lb
Btu
psia P u x psia P u x u
396 . 47 69 . 100 ) 3000 . 0 ( 832 . 24 ) 3000 . 0 1 (
) 50 ( ) 50 ( ) 1 (
2 2 2 2 2
=
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|

= = + = =

Q = U + W = m(u2 u1) + W = (68.222 lbm)(47.396 108.50) Btu/lbm + 0 = 4 ,169 Btu.
Problem 4-29E
10
100
1000
0.0001 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10
Specific volume (ft
3
/lb
m
)
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
p
s
i
a
)
Saturation
Path
2
1

430 A well-insulated rigid tank contains 5 kg of a saturated liquidvapor mixture of water at l00 kPa.
Initially, three-quarters of the mass is in the liquid phase. An electric resistor placed in the tank is
connected to a 110-V source and a current of 8 A flows through the resistor when the switch is turned
on. Determine how long it will take to vaporize all the liquid in the tank. Also, show the process on a T-v
diagram with respect to saturation lines.






436 An insulated pistoncylinder device contains 5 L of saturated liquid water at a constant pressure of
175 kPa. Water is stirred by a paddle wheel while a current of 8 A flows for 45 min through a resistor
placed in the water. If one-half of the liquid is evaporated during this constant pressure process and the
paddle-wheel work amounts to 400 kJ, determine the voltage of the source. Also, show the process on a
P-v diagram with respect to saturation lines.


u1) + P(V2 V1) + Wresistor + Wpaddle
Wresistor Wpaddle = m(u2 u1) + Pm(v2 v1) =m[(u2 + P2v2) (u1 + P1v1)] = m(h2 h1)
kg
L
m
kg
m
L
kPa v
V
v
V
m
f
730 . 4
001 . 0
001057 . 0
5
) 175 (
3
3
1
1
1
= = = =

kg
kJ
kg
kJ
kg
kJ
xh h h
fg f
56 . 1593 1 . 2213 ) 5 . 0 ( 01 . 487
2
=
|
.
|

\
|
+
|
.
|

\
|
= + =

Wresistor h1) = (4.730 kg)(1593.56 487.01) kJ/kg
Combining the numerical data gives an equation for the work done
by the resistor.

We can solve this to find the voltage applied to the resistor.
kW
A V
s
m
m A
s kW
t I
s kW
E

=
A

=
1000
60
1
) 45 )( 8 (
4834 4834
= 224 V.



465 A mass of 15 kg of air in a pistoncylinder device is heated from 25 to 77C by passing current
through a resistance heater inside the cylinder. The pressure inside the cylinder is held constant at 300
kPa during the process, and a heat loss of 60 kJ occurs. Determine the electric energy supplied, in kWh.







479 Carbon steel balls (r _ 7833 kg/m3 and cp _ 0.465kJ/kg C) 8 mm in diameter are annealed by
heating them first to 900C in a furnace, and then allowing them to cool slowly to 100C in ambient air
at 35C. If 2500 balls are to be annealed per hour, determine the total rate of heat transfer from the balls
to the ambient air.