CRITICAL READING AND WRITING TEST

In 1903 the members of the governing board of the University of Washington. in Seattle. engaged a firm of landscape architects, specialists in the design of outdoor environments !Imsted "rothers of "roo#line, $assachusetts to advise them on an Line appropriate layout for the university grounds. %he plan impressed the university officials, (5) and in time many of its recommendations &ere implemented. 'ity officials in Seattle, the largest city in the north&estern United States, &ere also impressed, for they employed the same organi(ation to study Seattle)s public par# needs. *ohn !lmsted did the investigation and subse+uent report on Seattle)s par#s. ,e and his brothers believed that par#s should be adapted to the local topography, utili(e the area)s trees and shrubs, and be available to (10) the entire community. %hey especially emphasi(ed the need for natural, serene settings &here hurried urban d&ellers could periodically escape from the city. %he essence of the !lmsted par# plan &as to develop a continuous drive&ay, t&enty miles long, that &ould tie together a &hole series of par#s, playgrounds, and par#&ays. %here &ould be local par#s and s+uares, too, but all of this &as meant to supplement the ma-or drive&ay, (15) &hich &as to remain the unifying factor for the entire system. In .ovember of 1903 the city council of Seattle adopted the !lmsted /eport, and it automatically became the master plan for the city)s par# system. 0rior to this report, Seattle)s par# development &as very limited and funding meager. 1ll this changed after the report. "et&een 1902 and 1913, city voters approved special funding measures (20) amounting to 34,000,000. With such unparalleled sums at their disposal, &ith the !lmsted guidelines to follo&, and &ith the added incentive of &anting to have the city at its best for the 1las#a 5u#on 0acific 67position of 1909, the 0ar#s "oard bought aggressively. "y 1913 Seattle had 89 par#s amounting to 1,400 acres, as &ell as 400 acres in playgrounds, path&ays, boulevards, and triangles. $ore lands &ould be added in the (25) future, but for all practical purposes it &as the great land surge of 1902 1913 that established Seattle)s par# system.

10. 11. 1*. 1,.

What is the author's purpose in writing this? or who! is the !ateria" inten#e#? $%ther a&a#e!i&s' stu#ents or genera" pu("i&) What #oes the passage !ain"+ #is&uss? Co!!ent on the e-i#en&es use# (+ the author to show that .ohn %"!ste# an# his (rothers (e"ie-e# the nee# /or natura"' serene settings /or ur(an #we""ers to es&ape /ro! the &it+. 10. Does the author gi-e his own opinion a(out how the &on&ept o/ par1 &hange# in Seatt"e? 12. 3ow #o +ou thin1 the &iti4ens o/ Seatt"e re&ei-e# the %"!ste# report? 15. 6"ease write a &riti&a" su!!ar+ o/ the passage in 20 wor#s.