Physics Module Form 5

JPN Pahang Teachers Guide CHAPTER 6: WAVE 6.1 Understanding Waves

Chapter 6:Wa e

1. Motion of Waves A wave front is a line or plane on which the vibrations of every point on it are in phase and are at the (same/different) position from the source of the water. 2. When we use a fingertip to touch the surface of water repeatedly (circular/plane) wave fronts are produced. !. "ypes of waves "here are 2 types of waves#$ (a) %%%%%%%%%%%%%.

(b) %%%%%%%%%%%%%.

&. "ransverse wave (i) "ransverse wave is a wave in which the vibration of particles in the medium is at (parallel/perpendicular) to the direction of propagation of the wave. A A

' A ( (crest / compression) ' ( (rarefaction /trough) (ii). )*ample of transverse wave# i. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%.. ii%%%%%%%%%%%%%%... iii%%%%%%%%%%%%%%..

'

+. ,ongitudinal waves

(i) A longitudinal is a wave in

which the vibration of particles in the medium is (parallel / proportional) to the direction of propagation of wave. -

(ii) )*ample of longitudinal wave# %%%%%%%%%%%%% - ( (crest / compression) . ( (rarefaction / troug

Amplitude, Period and re!uen"# o$ a Wave

1. )/uilibrium position is
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%. 2. 0ne complete oscillation of the pendulum occurs when the pendulum bob moves from %%%%%%%%%%%%%. !. "he period " of a vibrating system is %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%... &. 1re/uency f is %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% "he 23 unit is%%%%%%.

+. 2troboscop
e is use to %%%% %%%% %%%% %%%% % 2troboscope fre/uency ( number of slits * rotation fre/uency of stroboscope

4. Wave speed
3f the wavelength of the wave is 5 the waves move forwards a distance of ! * 5 per second. "herefore the speed of waves v%$&

' '

E ( e r " i s e 6 . 1

1. (a)
"h e wa vel en gth of the wa ve in the dia gra m ab ov e is giv en by lett er % %

%. (b) "he amplit ude of the wave in the diagra m above is given by letter %%% %

2. 3ndi
cat e the int erv al wh ich rep res ent s on e full wa vel en gth .

A n s w e r # % % % % % % % . .

E ( e r " i s e 6 . 1 1

1.

3n a n e * p er i m e nt ,i m o bs er v

es th at a si m pl e p e n d ul u m c o m pl et es ! 6 os ci ll at io ns in 1 +. 6 se c o n ds . W h at is

(a) the
fre/u ency of oscill ation 7

(b) the
perio d of oscil latio n7 "ns#er:

2.

8alculate the fre/uency of the given wave above.

!.

'ased in the displacement$distance graph of a wave find (a) the amplitude (b) the wavelength of the wave "ns#er:

&.

A transverse wave is found to have a distance of & cm from a trough to a crest a fre/uency of 12 9: and a distance of + cm from a crest to the nearest trough. ;etermine the amplitude period wavelength and speed of such a wave. "ns#er:

+.

A girl moves a long slin<y spring at a fre/uency of ! 9: to produce a transverse wave with a wavelength of 6.+ m. What is the wave speed of the waves along the slin<y spring7 "ns#er:

4.6 cm

4.

"he figure shows a wave front pattern in a ripple tan< produced by a vibrating dipper at fre/uency of + 9:. What is the wave speed7

"ns#er:

) &.+ cm

=.

"he figure shows a wave front pattern in a ripple tan< produced by a vibrating dipper at fre/uency of + 9:. What is the wave speed7 "ns#er:

26 cm >.
A mechanical stroboscope has 12 slits and rotates at a fre/uency + 9:. "he stroboscope is used to observe water waves. "he observer notes there are 4 successive bright bands at a distance 26 cm. 8alculate the speed of the water waves. "ns#er:

?. "he figure shows a loudspea<er produces a

sound with a fre/uency !66 9:. 8alculate (a) the wavelength. (b) the speed of sound "ns#er:

A given wave travels at a speed of 2 * 16+ ms$1. 3f the fre/uency of the wave is 1666 9: 8alculate the wavelength "n s # e r :

11. (a) 'ase on the figure determine (i) the amplitude (ii) the wave length
(b) What is the fre/uency of the sound if the speed of sound is !!6 ms$1. "ns#er:

*amping

1. ;amping is a %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%.. 2. When a system is damped the amplitude of the of oscillation %%%%%. ( decreases / increases ) slowly until the

system stops oscillating. 3. ;amping is usually caused by #$ i. ii. %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%

Resonan"e A resonance is %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%. E(periment to s+o, a p+enomenon o$ resonan"e

A ' ; 8 1igure 4.12# 'arton@s pendulum

-endulum ' and ; are the same length. When pendulum ' oscillates all the pendulum start and ; have the same length so there have same natural fre/uency. 2o pendulum ; will oscillate with %%%%%% (ma*imum/minimum) amplitude

6.- A.A/012.3 RE R/ECT24. 4 WAVE1 Aeflection of a wave occurs when a wave stri<es an obstacle such as barrier plane reflector mirror and wall. 2. "he reflection of waves obeys the law of reflection# %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% % !. When the reflection of a wave happened the wavelength 5 the fre/uency f and the speed v %%%%%%%%.but the direction of propagation of the wave changes. )*ercise 4.2 8omplete the diagram below. 1.

Re$le"tion o$ ,ater ,aves 1. 2how the pattern of the reflection of the

water waves

(a)

(b)

2. 2how the dar< and bright pattern on the screen below.

Water waves

Ripple tank

Screen

Re$le"tion o$ /ig+t Wave

1.

2.

When rays of light stri<e any surface the rays are reflected unless the surface is blac< when they are absorbed. A plane mirror is a flat smooth surface which reflects regularly most of the light falling on it.

1. "he characteristics of reflection of light waves#

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%...

2. "he bright and dar< bands of the wave

pattern formed on the screen because the surface of water acts as lenses. "he crest of water waves similar with %%%%%%%%% $conca e lens %con e& lens' and the trough of water waves similar with %%%%%%%%% $conca e lens %con e& lens'( E(er"ise 6.-1 "he diagram shows a single ray of light being directed at a plane mirror. What are the angles of incidence and reflection7 (a) (b)

Re$le"tion o$ sound ,aves

1. "he sound waves are reflected by walls

and ceilings of buildings unborn baby or sea bed.

2. "he sound wave from the stopwatch

e*periences a reflection after stri<ing the smooth wall. "he angle of incidence i is %%%%%%%% (e/ual to /more than/less than) the angle of reflection r. E(er"ise 6.--

1.

"he diagram shows a student shouting in front of a school building. 8alculate the time ta<en by the student to hear the echo of his voice. B"he speed of sound in air is !&6 m s$1C

50 m

2. 3f an echo is heard one second after the holler and reflects off canyon walls which are a distance of 1=6 meters away then what is the speed of the wave7

6.5 A.A/012.3 RE RACT24. 4 WAVE1 1. "he refraction of water waves occur when there is a %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%

2. After refraction the wave has the same %%%%%%%%%%. but a different %%%%%%%%

Re$ra"tion o$ Water Waves

51

52

;eep

2hallow

1. When the water wave travel from a deep area the

direction of the waves is refracted %%%%%%%. $to#ards% a#ay !rom' the normal. 2. "he angle of incidence i of the water is %%%%%%.(greater % smaller' than the angle of refraction r !. When the refraction of a wave happened the fre/uency f does not change but the %%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%the wave change. E(er"ise 6.5

1.

8omplete the table below to show the properties of refracted water waves when wave

travels from one area to another area of a different depth. Dse the words given. Properties o$ re$ra"ted ,ater ,aves Wavelength Eelocity 1re/uency ;irection of travel *eep ,ater to s+allo, ,ater decreases/ increases/ unchanged decreases/ increases/ unchanged decreases/ increases/ unchanged
'ends toward/ away from normal

1allo, ,ater to deep ,ater decreases/ increases/ unchanged decreases/ increases/ unchanged decreases/ increases/ unchanged
'ends toward/ away from normal

2. 0n each of the following diagram draw the refracted wave by the perspe*.

3. A plane wave has a wavelength of 2 cm and a velocity of > cm s$1 as it moves over the surface of shallow water. When the plane wave moves into an area of greater depth its velocity becomes 12 cms$1. What is the a. Wavelength 1re/uency of the wave in the area of greater depth7

Re$ra"tion o$ ,ater ,ave o$ t+e sea ,ater

1.

Why are the speed and wavelength of waves in the middle of the sea almost uniform7 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

2. What do you thin< would happen to the wave speed if the depth of water is increased7
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%. .

!.

Why do the distances between the wave fronts decrease as the waves approach the beach7 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%% Why the water in the bay is stationary compared to the water at the cape7 %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

&.

Re$ra"tion o$ /ig+t Waves

1. When a ray propagates from one medium to an optically denser medium the ray refracts
)))))))))) $to#ards % a#ay !rom) the normal. 2. "he speed of light )))))($decreases%increases' as it propagates in the glass bloc< causing it to alter the direction of propagation.

Re$ra"tion o$ 1ound Waves

1. 2ound waves travel faster in warm air than in %%%%... (cold/hot) air. 2. 0n a hot day the hot surface of the )arth causes the layer of air near the surface to be
%%%%%%. $#armer%cooler' !. "his causes sound waves to be %%%%%%.. $re!lected%re!racted' away from the )arth. &. 0n a cool night the sound waves travel %%%%%%.(slo#er%!aster)in the cooler layer of air near the surface of the )arth than in the upper warmer air. "he waves are refracted towards the )arth. 9ence sound can be heard over a longer distance on a cold ))))))))$night%day' compared with a hot day.