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PM 2009
PM
1. After making observations, a chemist should try to 7. When 1.52 g of a metal oxide of Z is reduced, 1.04 g of the
metal is obtained. Determine the empirical formula of the
A make hypothesis metal oxide. [RAM: O,16; Z,52].
B make inference
C collect data A Z2O
D identify problems B Z3O2
C Z2O3
2. Which of the following is a molecule? D ZO2
A electrons only
B neutrons only 9 Which of the following electron arrangement of an atom has
C both protons and neutrons eight electrons valence?
D both protons and electrons
A 2.8.2
4 The diagram shows a model of an atom. B 2.6
C 2.8.8
Electron D 2.8.8.2
14 Which of the following substances is a covalent compound? 20 Calculate the volume of sodium hydroxide of concentration
0.5 mol dm-3 needed to neutralise 25.0 cm3 sulphuric acid of
A Copper concentration 0.20 mol dm-3.
B Ammonia
C Lead(II) oxide A 10 cm3
D Sodium chloride B 20 cm3
C 25 cm3
15 The table shows the electron arrangement for elements W, X, Y D 50 cm3
and Z.
21 The distilled water is added to 20 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium
Element Electron arrangement hydroxide solution to produce 250 cm3 of sodium hydroxide
W 2.4 solution. What is the concentration of the sodium hydroxide
solution produced?
X 2.8.2
Y 2.6 A 0.08 mol dm-3
Z 2.8.7 B 0.04 mol dm-3
C 0.06 mol dm-3
Which of the following elements react to form an ionic D 0.02 mol dm-3
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compound?
22 Which of the following solutions has the highest concentration
A Y and X of hydrogen ion?
B W and Y A 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 H2SO4 solution
C Y and Z B 150 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 H2SO4 solution
D W and Z C 100 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3 H2SO4 solution
D 50 cm3 of 2.0 mol dm-3 H2SO4 solution
16 The ions present in aqueous copper(II) chloride solution are
23
A Cu2+ and Cl- An oxide of D can reacts with both hydrochloric acid and
B Cu2+, Cl-, H+ and O2- sodium hydroxide solution
C Cu2+, Cl-, H+ and OH
D Cu2+, Cl- , H3O+ and O2 Which of the following elements may be D?
A Lead
B Sodium
Heat C Silicon
D Boron
What are the products at the anode and the cathode?
26 Ceramic is made from
Anode Cathode
A Bromine Lead A Silica, SiO2
B Oxygen Hydrogen B Cement
C Bromine Hydrogen C Marmar
D Oxygen Lead D Aluminosilicate hydrate
19 Which of the following is a weak alkali? 27 The diagram shows the arrangement of atoms in steel.
A Potassium hydroxide
B Cooper(II) hydroxide Iron atom
C Aqueous ammonia
D Lithium hydroxide
X atom
SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 141
A Photosynthesis
B Rusting of iron
C Combustion of hydrogen in oxygen
D Combustion of magnesium in oxygen B
40 In which of the following compounds is the oxidation number 45 The reaction between solution P and solution Q is exothermic.
of nitrogen the highest? A student confirms this statement by mixing equal volumes of
the two solutions and measuring the temperature change.
A KNO2 Which two pieces of apparatus should the student use?
B NH4Cl
C N2O A Balance and stop watch
D HNO3 B Balance and thermometer
C Pipette and stop watch
41 W, X, Y and Z are four metals. Consider the reactions below D Pipette and thermometer
involving these metals:
46 The burning of 0.6 g of K causes the temperature of 100 cm3
Z sulphate + X → Z + X sulphate water to increase by 12°C.
Z sulphate + W → No reaction What is the heat of combustion of K?
Y sulphate + W → Y + W sulphate [ relative molecular mass of X = 60; specific heat capacity of
Arrange the metals W, X, Y and Z in decreasing order of water = 4.2 J g-1 ° C-1]
reactivity.
A 50.4 kJ mol-1
A X, W, Z, Y B 72.0 kJ mol-1
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B Y, W, Z, X C 302.4 kJ mol-1
C X, Z, W, Y D 504.0 kJ mol-1
D Y, Z, W, X
47 Which of the following is not used as a preservative in the food
42 When a mixture of carbon and copper(II) oxide is heated industry?
strongly
I the oxide ion loses two electrons. A Sugar
II the oxidation number of carbon increases from 0 to +4 B Ginger
III the copper(II) oxide acts as the reducing agent. C Salt
IV the copper(II) ion accepts two electrons D Vinegar
1. An experiment was carried out to determine the empirical formula of lead (II) oxide.A sample of lead (II) oxide was heated in the flow
of dry hydrogen gas as shown in Figure 1.
(a) Write one chemical equation that can produce hydrogen gas.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(b) State one observation that can be made from this experiment.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(c) Why is necessary to cool the porcelain boat and its contents in the flow of hydrogen gas?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark]
(d) Based on the data,determine the empirical formula of lead (II) oxide.
[Relative atomic mass : Pb,207; O,16]
[4 marks]
(e) Why is the process of heating,cooling and weighing repeated until a constant mass is obtained?
…………………………………………………………………………………...…………………………
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(f) State two precautionary steps to be taken while conducting this experiment.
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144 SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009
2. Figure 2 shows the flow chart for the fermentation process of a type of fruit juice.
Gas A
Process Y
Figure 2
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……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(c) Gas A is produced when compound B is strongly heated in the presence of porcelain chips.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(ii) What can be observed when gas A is channeled into the acidified potassium manganate (VII) solution ?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(iii) Give two chemical properties for the compound C.
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SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 145
3. Substance X is heated in a test tube as shown in Figure 3. The limewater contained in another test tube turns milky.The residue left
after substance X is heated is yellow when hot and white when cold.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
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(c) What other substance will decompose when heated to give the same residue as that produced when substance X is heated?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(d) What other substances are produced when the substance referred to in (c) is heated?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]
(e) Write an equation for the reaction that occurs when the substance referred to in (c) is heated.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(f) The residue left in the test tube is dissolved in dilute hydrochloric acid. Write an equation for the reaction
of the residue with dilute hydrochloric acid .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(g) i.) A few drops of of sodium hydroxide solution are added to the solution obtained in (f).What can be observed?
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ii) More sodium hydroxide solution is added to the product obtained in (g)i. until no more changes occur.
What can be observed?
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(h) What conclusion can be drawn from the observations in (g)i. and (g)ii.?
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146 SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009
4.
Potassium solution
Figure 4
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(a) Write half equations for the reactions at the cathode and the anode.
Cathode :………………………….........................................................................
1. …………………………………………………………………………………...
2…………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]
(c) Is the resulting solution,after the electrolysis,acidic,neutral or basic? Explain your answer.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [.2 marks]
(d) The product formed from the anode goes into the potassium iodide solution.
Describe what you would see.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [ 1 mark]
(e) Write the ionic equation for the reaction taking place in test tube X.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(f) Another electrolysis is carried out using diluted copper (II) chloride solution. The observation stated in (d)
are not seen at the anode?Explain why.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(g) Identify a test to verify the product formed at the anode for experiment in (f).
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 147
5. Figure 5 shows the arrangement of the apparatus used to study redox reactions.
Figure 5
(a ) Name one chemical substance that can be used to replace 1.0 mol dm-3 potassium nitrate.
(b) Write the change of oxidation number for zinc in the reaction .
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(c) State which metal foil serves as the anode. Explain your answer.
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(i) oxidized:
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148 SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009
Experiment I Experiment II
3
5.0 g of zinc powder + 50cm 5.0 g of zinc powder + 50 cm3 of 1.0 mol dm-3
of 0.2 mol dm-3 sulphuric acid sulphuric acid
Table 1
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
(i) Experiment I
[2 marks]
(ii) Experiment II
[2 marks]
(c) State the experiment that gives the highest rate of hydrogen gas release.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [2 marks]
(d) Plot a graph of the volume of hydrogen gas against time for Experiment I and
Experiment II on the same axis.
[3 marks]
(e) State one way to increase the rate of reaction of the two experiments.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009 149
Section B
[20 marks]
(h) (a) The speed of reaction is important in industry and everyday life.
State the five factors affecting the rate of reaction. [5 marks]
(iii) Give three catalyst with suitable examples,used in the manufacture of chemicals. [6 marks]
(i) Table 3 shows the proton number of atoms of elements P,Q and R.
(a) Compare the atomic size of atom T and U .Explain your answer. [ 4 marks]
(b) S and T burn vigorously in oxygen gas. Compare the reactivity between S and T .Explain your answer. [ 5 marks]
(c) Gas U can react with iron to form a brown solid. With the help of a labeled diagram,describe how the
experiment can be carried out in the laboratory. Your description should include the chemical equation
for the reaction. [ 6 marks]
Section C
[20 marks]
Rosmah has been asked to prepare lead (II) sulphate and copper (II) sulphate.
(a) Select suitable methods to prepare the dry salts. Explain your choice of method for each salt. [6 marks]
(b) Describe a laboratory experiment each to prepare the salts.In your description,include the chemical
equations involved. [14 marks]
(c) Q is an ionic compound. State three differences of the physical properties of Q compared to R [3 marks]
(d ) Describe briefly an experiment to prove that Q can conduct electricity in a molten state but R cannot. [9 marks]
(e) R cannot conduct electricity in molten or solid state. Explain why. [ 2 marks]
150 SOALAN ULANGKAJI SPM 2009
bath. The water is heated until 60oC, then the temperature of naphthalene is recorded
at every 30 seconds interval until the temperature reaches about 90oC. The substance
is stirred gently with the thermometer throughout the heating process.In Experiment
Y,the hot boiling tube is cooled down.
(i) Experiment X:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(ii) Experiment Y:
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
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(b) During the cooling of naphthalene,explain why the naphthalene must be stirred continuously.
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[3 marks]
(ii) cooling of naphthalene
[ 3 marks]
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(f) Using scale of 1 cm to represent 30 s on the x-axis and 2 cm to represent 10oC on the y-axis, draw the
temperature against time graphs for
(i) Experiment y
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(g) What conclusion can you draw regarding the melting and freezing points of naphthalene from the graphs?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………… [3 marks]
2. Iron (II) ions can be oxidized to iron by a strong oxidizing agent like chlorine through the transfer of electrons at a distance.
Plan and explain how you would conduct an experiment in the laboratory to test the statement given above.
Your planning should include the following aspects:
(a) Hypothesis
(b) All the variables
(c) List of substances and apparatus
(d) Procedure of the experiment
(e) Tabulation of data
(f) Conclusion [17 marks]