1. You are teaching a basic OEC class and need to explain toxins.

Which of the following statements is the best description of a toxin? a. b. c. d. It is a poison made by a li ing creature! including plants and animals. It is a poison that comes from a chemical. It is a usually transmitted by a bite or a sting. It is anything ingested that causes an anaphylactic reaction.

"nswer# a Ob$ecti e# %&'1 (eference# )*% %. You ha e been doing some spring cleaning in your yard! and the next day you notice a red! itchy rash de eloping on your arms. Your doctor tells you that you ha e poison i y. You recogni+e that this reaction occurs because# a. poison from the plant entered your bloodstream. b. enom from the plant reacted with your body. c. a toxic substance came in contact with your s,in. d. your body was unable to create an antigen. "nswer# c Ob$ecti e# %&'(eference# )*-. You and your friends ha e been examining cactus plants when your friend gets stuc, by one of the plant.s spines. You recogni+e that a cactus spine can# a. b. c. d. in$ect a toxin that causes a systemic reaction. get stuc, in the s,in and cause a local reaction. cause an immediate anaphylactic reaction in some indi iduals. $ust be uncomfortable but will not cause a reaction.

"nswer# b Ob$ecti e# %&'% (eference# )*/ /. On a camping trip with your family! your children as, if they can pic, some plants for part of their wilderness dinner. 0ased on your OEC training! you explain to your children that they need to be careful pic,ing wild plants and flowers! and that# a. b. c. d. plants that do not cause any local reaction when they are pic,ed are safe to eat. the worst that can happen from eating a bad plant is you will get sic, to your stomach. lea es may be poisonous but most berries found in the woods are safe to eat. some plants can be ery toxic! so it is best not to eat anything unless you are sure what it is.

"nswer# d Ob$ecti e# %&'% (eference# )*1

1. Your girlfriend tells you that she has heard about a ery fragrant plant that grows in the woods. 2he describes the plant as ha ing bright green lea es and small white flowers. 0ased on your OEC ,nowledge of toxic plants! you belie e that your girlfriend is describing# a. b. c. d. lily of the alley. autumn crocus. belladonna. huc,leberry.

"nswer# a Ob$ecti e# %&'% (eference# )** *. 2ome plants can ha e ery toxic effects on the body but can act medicinally when gi en in measured doses. Which of the following is not an example of such plants? a. b. c. d. 0elladonna Castor oil 3on,shood 4oxglo e

"nswer# c Ob$ecti e# %&'% (eference# )*1 &. You are at a coo,out with friends when one of the adults starts yelling excitedly that her / year old appears to ha e been nibbling on the a+alea bush in the front yard. 0ased on your ,nowledge of this plant.s toxicity! you would say which of the following things to the parent? a. 5You ha e nothing to worry about. 3any people grow a+aleas because they ,now they are safe.6 b. 57he worst that will happen is some nausea and omiting that will teach your child not to eat a+alea lea es again.6 c. 5You need to worry only if you see your child starting to get a rash.6 d. 5Ingested a+aleas can be ery toxic. You should ha e your child chec,ed right away.6 "nswer# d Ob$ecti e# %&'(eference# )*) ). " specific toxin or poisonous secretion of an animal that is usually transmitted by a bite or sting is ,nown as# a. enom. b. antigen. c. bullae. d. nettle. "nswer# a Ob$ecti e# %&'1 (eference# )*% 8. Which of the following groups are not main groups of mushrooms?

a. b. c. d.

4alse morels 9ittle brown mushrooms "manitas 9ittle white mushrooms

"nswer# d Ob$ecti e# %&'% (eference# )&:! )&1 1:. It.s early fall and you ha e been bac,pac,ing on part of the "ppalachian 7rail with some friends. One member of the group comes up to you holding some bright orange mushrooms that resemble pump,ins and as,s if you thin, they are safe to eat. 0ased on your training! you would respond with which of the following statements? a. b. c. d. 57hose are ery toxic and would ,ill you if you ate them.6 57hose mushrooms can cause some pretty se ere abdominal upsets.6 5If you $ust eat the mushroom cap! you should be O;.6 53ost toxic mushrooms are brown! so those are probably all right to eat.6

"nswer# b Ob$ecti e# %&'% (eference# )&:! )&1 11. <lants most commonly cause toxic reactions through which of the following routes? a. b. c. d. Ingestion and inhalation 7opical contact and in$ection Ingestion and topical contact Inhalation and in$ection

"nswer# c Ob$ecti e# %&'(eference# )*% 1%. " spider bite that can resemble a 5bull.s'eye target6 is most often caused by a# a. b. c. d. blac, widow spider. brown recluse spider. hobo spider. funnel web spider.

"nswer# a Ob$ecti e# %&'/ (eference# )&1 1-. 7he bite of which of the following spiders that are indigenous to "ustralia may produce significant toxicity and thus should be treated as potentially life threatening? a. b. c. d. 0lac, widow spider 0ar, scorpion 4unnel web spider Wolf spider

"nswer# c Ob$ecti e# %&'/ (eference# )&1/. You will be ta,ing a group of scouts on a wee,end camping trip. You recogni+e that tic,s are typically acti e at this time of year! so you want to teach the scouts about them. Which of the following statements about tic,s is false? a. b. c. d. Campers should chec, their s,in regularly! especially in the e ening before going to bed. " red circle with a blanched white center is characteristic of the rash caused by a tic, bite. 7he typical disease transmitted by tic,s is 9yme disease. 7ic, bites are painful! so you will ,now when you ha e been bitten.

"nswer# d Ob$ecti e# %&'/ (eference# )&/ 11. Which of the following signs and symptoms is not a characteristic of a bee! wasp! or hornet sting? a. b. c. d. =ausea and omiting >oint aching <ain 2welling

"nswer# a Ob$ecti e# %&'/ (eference# )&1! )&* 1*. ?EE7 @=!='?iethyl'meta'toluamideA is Buite often effecti e as a@nA# a. b. c. d. antidote for sna,e bites. anti'inflammatory medication for tic, bites. repellent for mosBuitoes. analgesic for relie ing pain caused by bee stings.

"nswer# c Ob$ecti e# %&'/ (eference# )&* 1&. 3ost reptile'related in$uries are caused by# a. b. c. d. alligators. sna,es. shar,s. crocodiles.

"nswer# b Ob$ecti e# %&'/ (eference# )&)

1). You are creating a <ower <oint presentation on rattlesna,es. Which of the following statements would not be included in your bullet points? a. b. c. d. 7he bite of a rattlesna,e is typically painful. (attlesna,e enom destroys local tissue. (attlesna,e enom can pre ent blood from clotting. (attlesna,e attac,s are typically unpro o,ed.

"nswer# d Ob$ecti e# %&'/ (eference# )&) 18. 7he phrase 5red on yellow! ,ill a fellowC red on blac,! enom lac,6 is helpful in identifying which of the following ,ind of poisonous sna,es? a. b. c. d. Coral sna,es (attlesna,es <it ipers Copperheads

"nswer# a Ob$ecti e# %&'/ (eference# )&8 %:. "ttac,s by which of the following creatures do not cause both soft'tissue in$uries and fractures? a. b. c. d. "lligators 2har,s 2ea turtles Crocodile

"nswer# c Ob$ecti e# %&'/ (eference# )&8! )): %1. 3arine life can cause arying degrees of in$ury and illness. Which of the following marine creatures can cause respiratory failure and cardio ascular collapse in humans? a. b. c. d. >ellyfish 2piny fish 0iting fish 3oray eels

"nswer# a Ob$ecti e# %&'/ (eference# )): %%. Which of the following statements regarding mammals is correct? a. 3ountain lions! lynx! and bobcats tra el and attac, humans in pac,s. b. 3ost in$uries from moose and el, are caused when the animal charges a hi,er. c. Dri++ly bears will attac, humans only when pro o,ed.

d. Wild dogs! wol es! and coyotes usually attac, humans only when they are sic,! protecting their young! or in$ured. "nswer# d Ob$ecti e# %&'/ (eference# ))% %-. You are wor,ing at the first'aid station at the local scout camp. " counselor brings in two young boys that he thin,s were playing in an area where poison oa, was found. Which of the following actions would not be a part of your treatment for the possible exposure to poison oa,? a. b. c. d. <utting on non'latex glo es before examining the boys Washing the boys. hands and arms with hot water and soap "pplying a topical cream such as bacitracin to the boys. hands and arms Esing a commercial cleanser such as Oa,'='I y to wash the boys. hands and arms

"nswer# c Ob$ecti e# %&'* (eference# ))) %/. Your neighbor has been cleaning up the wooded area around his yard and burning brush and weeds. Fe tells you that he is trying to rid the area of poison i y. You recogni+e that his actions could# a. b. c. d. cause significant respiratory problems for anyone exposed to the smo,e. encourage the poison i y to grow into any area where the smo,e tra els. temporarily sol e his problem but will not permanently ,ill the poison i y. be a great solution that you should use around your house.

"nswer# a Ob$ecti e# %&'(eference# )*/ %1. When a young child at a neighborhood coo,out cries out that he was stung by a bee on his forearm! you should# a. b. c. d. as, if anyone has an epinephrine auto'in$ector in case the child has a reaction. apply ice to reduce the swelling and pain. immobili+e the arm and place it at the le el of the child.s heart to pre ent spread of the enom. scrub the area with soap and water to remo e the stinger.

"nswer# b Ob$ecti e# %&'& (eference# ))) %*. You are re iewing care for sna,e bites before your wilderness trip with friends. You note that appropriate treatment would include# a. b. c. d. suc,ing the poison out of the bite wound. applying ice to the bite wound to decrease pain and swelling. applying a tourniBuet abo e the bite wound to pre ent spread of the enom. immobili+ing the affected extremity and placing it at the le el of the heart.

"nswer# d Ob$ecti e# %&'& (eference# ))8 %&. Which of the following actions is not an appropriate treatment measure for a sting by a marine creature? a. b. c. d. "pplying a tourniBuet if reBuired for controlling life'threatening hemorrhaging Irrigating the affected area with fresh water (ubbing the affected area to remo e any spines (insing the affected area with a inegar solution

"nswer# c Ob$ecti e# %&'& (eference# ))8 %). When caring for someone who has been attac,ed by a large animal such as a moose or bear! you should assume that# a. b. c. d. the potential for spinal in$ury exists. the animal probably has rabies or it would not ha e attac,ed. unless there is a bite! there is no potential for infection. bleeding from claw in$uries is the most dangerous in$ury.

"nswer# a Ob$ecti e# %&'1 (eference# ))&