Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Index
Introduction 2
WhMovement 3 1 3 2 WhexpressionswithnoWhmovement 2.1 2.2 2.3 3 3 3.1 3.2 4 5 4 6 4 YesNoQuestions Deletion ShortVs.LongDistanceMovement 4 Echoquestions Quizquestions MultipleWhexpressions 3 WhExpressions
Characteristics
Piedpipping Whexclamatives
Conclusion 6
2
Bibliography
Introduction
WhMovement:Asyntacticphenomenonfoundinmanylanguagesaroundtheworld,inwhich interrogativewords(sometimescalledwhwords)orphrasesshowaspecialwordorder.Unlike ordinaryphrases,suchwhwordsappearatthebeginningofaninterrogativeclause. IdecidedtofocusontheWhmovementthinkingitwouldbeagoodtopictoexpand,asweuse whexpressionalotbutitisnotlikewehavegoneanydeeperinthereasonswhyweusethem atthefrontinquestions.TheWhmovementissomethingnatural,thathappensinanumberof languagesamongstwhichwecanfindoutmotherlanguage,andthesetofrulesaresosimilar thatinordertohaveabasicnotionwecanjustfocusonwhatwealreadyknow.
WhMovement
1. 2. WhExpressions Thesearethewordswewillbeworkingon,theinterrogativesconsideredbasicininformation gathering,thoughnotonlywilltheybeusedininterrogativesentences. Who/Whom What Why When Where How Wether
Theseareknownaswhinsituquestions,asthewhexpressionstaysinthecanonicalposition associatedwithitsgramaticalfunction.Echoquestionsrequestthatthewordwhichthe WHwordstandsforinthesentenceberepeated,andoftenexpresssurpriseoramazement. 2.2Quizquestion: JohnnyDepplivesinwhichcountry? TheWhexpressionisusedintheplaceinwhichthenewinformationwouldappear.For example,theanswertothepreviousquestionwouldbe: JohnnyDepplivesintheUSA. 2.3MultipleWhexpressions: WhosaidI'mfat? Whosaidwhat? Thishappenswhenthephrasealreadycountswithafrontwhexpression,sopracticallyitwould belikerephrasingthequestionbut,insteadofquestioningonlyforoneinterrogant,itisfortwo. 3.Characteristics Twodifferentkindsofmovementareinvolvedfirst,theheadmovement,whichconsiston movingtheauxiliarytotheheadofaphrase: Youwillreadthenewspaper. position: SheisdatingPaul. Whoisshedating? Inordertohaveacompletewhquestionbothmovementshavetobedone. 3.1Deletion Whenthemovementisdone,itisimportanttodeletethewhexpressionthathasbeenextracted fromthecanonicalposition.ThesenullcopiesoftheWhexpressionsarealsoknownastrace copies, ShewasdatingJohn.Shewasdatingwho. Whowasshedatingwho? 3.2ShortDistancevs.LongDistanceMovement ShortDistanceMovement Johnatepie. WhatdidJohneat? LongDistanceMovement 4 Whowasshedating? Willyoureadthenewspaper? Andsecondly,themovementofthewhexpressionfromthecanonicalpositiontothefront
Johnsaid(hewantedpie). 4.Piedpiping
WhatdidJohnsay(hewanted)?
Intheobligatorypiedpiping,notonlythewhwordbutthewholeclauseorphrasehastogotothe front,thishappensmainlyinpossessivestructuresotherwise,thequestionsissyntactically incorrect. JeanisdrivingSue'scar. WhoseisJeandrivingcar? WhosecarisJeandriving? Piedpipingcanbeoptionalwhenwefindaprepositionalphrasemostly,inwhichthe whexpressionistheobjectofthepreposition.Dependingiftheregisterisformalorcolloquial, theprepositionwillbefrontedorwillremaininthesameplace. Sheisplayingunderthetree. Formal: Informal: Underwhichtreeissheplaying? Whichtreeissheplayingunder?
Conclusion
Itseemedarathereasytopic,butithasbeengratifyingtoseehowmanyunexpecteddoubts arosefrommyresearch. EnglishSyntaxbyAlexRadfordwasthekeytobeabletodothis,butitwasreallycomplicatedto followtheexplanations,whichhasledmetobelievethatsyntaxistobetakenseriously,though therearedifferentlevelsofexpertiseinthematterandIdonotthinkIwillevergettoknowas muchas,forexample,theauthorofthemainsource.
Bibliography
"whmovement."Definitions.net.STANDS4LLC,2013.Web.13May2013. <http://www.definitions.net/definition/whmovement>.