102

APPLICATIONS TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS [CHAP. 3

31. Solve the partial differential equation
azy
at
2
subject to the conditions
16x + 20 sinx
Y(O, t) = 0, Y(-rr, t) = 1671", Yt (x, 0) = 0, Y(x, 0) 16x + 12 sin2x - 8 sin3x
Taking Laplace transforms, we find
d2y
s2y - 8 Y(x, 0) - Yt (x, 0) - 4 dxZ + Y
16x 20 sin x
+
8 s
or, on using the given, conditions,
d2y 1
dx2 - 4 (sZ +
1
)Y
-4(s2 + 1)x
8
y(O, s) = 0,
5 sin x .
-- - 3s sm2x + 2s sin3x
8
16,.
y(,., s) =
8
A particular solution of (2) has the form
ax + b sin x + c sin 2x + d sin 3x
Then substituting and equating of like terms, we find the particular solution
16x + 20 sin x + 12s sin 2x 88 sin 3x
8 s(s2 + 5) 82 + 17 s2 + 37
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
The general solution of the equation (2) with right hand side replaced by zero [i.e. the complemen-
tary solution] is
Yc
(6)
Thus the general solution of (2) is
Y = Yp + Yc
(7)
Using the conditions (3) in (7), we find
0
from which c
1
= c
2
= 0. Thus
y
16x 20 sin x + 12s sin 2x 88 sin 3x
- + -
8 8(82+5) 8
2
+17 82+37
Then the inverse Laplace transform, we find the required solution
Y(x, t) 16x + 4 sin x (1- cos V5 t) + 12 sin 2x cos Yf7 t - 8 sin 3x cos..J37 t
Supplementary Problems
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH CONSTANT COEFFICIENTS
Solve each of the following by using Laplace transforms and check solutions.
32. Y"(t) + 4Y(t) = 9t, Y(O) = 0, Y'(O) = 7. An8. Y(t) = 3t + 2 sin 2t
33. Y"(t) - 3Y'(t) + 2Y(t) = 4t + 12e-t, Y(O) = 6, Y'(O) = -1.
Ans. Y(t) = 3et- 2e2t + 2t + 3 + 2e-t
CHAP. 3] APPLICATIONS TO DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
34. Y"(t) - 4Y'(t) + 5Y(t) = 125t2, Y(O) = Y'(O) = 0.
Ans. Y(t) = 25t2 + 40t + 22 + 2e2t (2 sin t - 11 cost)
35. Y"(t) + Y(t) = 8 cost, Y(O) = 1, Y'(O) = -1.
Ans. Y(t) = cost - 4 sin t + 4t cost
36. Y'"(t) - Y(t) = et, Y(O) = 0, Y'(O) = 0,
Ans. Y(t) = }tet + fs.e-lht { 9 cos V: t
Y"(O) = 0.
+ -sm-t
5vfa . V3}
2 2
37. yiv(t) + 2Y"(t) + Y(t) = sin t, Y(O) = Y'(O) = Y"(O) = Y"'(O) = 0.
Ans. Y(t) = i{(3- t2) sin t - 3t cost}
38. Find the general solution of the differential equations of:
(a.) Problem 2, Page 82; (b) Problem 3, Page 83; (c) Problem 6, Page 84.
103
Ans. (a) Y c
1
et + c
2
e2t + 4te2t (c) Y = c
1
sin 3t + c
2
cos 3t + t cos 2t
(b) Y = e-t (c
1
sin 2t. + c
2
cos 2t) + ie-t sin t
39. Solve Y"(t) + 9Y(t) = 18t if Y(O) = 0, Y(11-/2) = 0. Ans. Y(t) = 2t + 7T sin 3t
40. Solve yiv(t) - 16Y(t) = 30 sin t if Y(O) = 0, Y'(O) = 2, Y"(7r) = 0, Y'"(7r) = -18.
Ans. Y = 2(sin 2t- sin t)
41. Solve Y" - 4Y' + 3Y = F(t) if Y(O) = 1, Y'(O) = 0.
Ans. Y = !et - fe3t + tit (e3u- eu) F(t- u) du
42. Solve the differential equation
Y" + 4Y F(t), Y(O) = 0, Y'(O) = 1
where F(t) = {
1 0
< t <
1
. 0 t > 1
Ans. Y(t) = i sin 2t + !-{cos (2t-- 2) - cos 2t} for t > 1
and Y(t) = i sin 2t + !(1 - cos 2t) for t < 1
43. Solve Problem 42 if: . (a.) F(t) = 1l(t - 2), [Heaviside's unit step function]; (b) F(t) = 8(t), [Dirac
delta function]; (c) F(t) = 8(t - 2).
Ans. (a.) Y(t) = i sin 2t if t < 2, t sin 2t + !{1 - cos (2t- 4)} if t > 2
(b) Y(t) = sin 2t, t > 0
(c) Y(t) = t sin 2t if t < 2, !{sin 2t + sin (2t- 4)}2 if t > 2
ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH VARIABLE COEFFICIENTS
Solve each of the following by, using Laplace transforms and check solutions.
44. Y" + tY' - Y = 0, Y(O) = 0, Y'(O) = 1. Ans. Y = t
45. tY" + (1- 2t)Y' - 2Y = 0, Y(O) = 1, Y'(O) = 2. Ans. Y = e2t
46. tY" + (t - 1)Y' - Y = 0, Y(O) = 5, Y(oo) = 0. Ans. Y = 5e- t
47. Find the bounded solution of the equation
t2Y" + tY' + (t2- 1)Y = 0
which is such that Y(1) = 2. Ans. 2J
1
(t)/J
1
(1)
1()4
APPLICATIONS TO JJIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS [CHAP. 3
SIMULTANEOUS ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
48. Solve subject to the conditions Y(O) = 3, Y'(O) = -2, Z(O) = 0.
{
Y' + Z' = t
Y"- z = e-t
Ans. Y = 2 + -ft2 + -fe-t -!sin t + l cost, Z = 1 - -j-e-t + i sin t - l cost
{
Y'- Z'- 2Y + 2Z ..= sin t
49. Solve
Y" + 2Z' + Y = 0
if Y(O) = Y'(O) = Z(O) = 0.
Ans. Y = fl-e-t + 4\e2t - !-cost- i sin t + tte-t, Z = fl-e-t - !e2t + tte-t
50. Solve
{
X' + 2Y" = e-t
. X'+2X- Y = 1
if X(O) = Y(O) = Y'(O) = 0 .
Ans. X= 1+e-t-e-at-e-l>t, Y = 1+e-t-oe-at-ae-bt where a= !(2-\1'2), b = f(2+\1'2)
51. Solve Problem 49 with the conditions Y(O) = 0, Y'(,.) = 1, Z(O) = 0.
{
tY + Z + tZ' = (t- 1)e-t
5Z. Solve
Y'- Z = e-t
given that Y(O) = 1, Z(O) = -1.
Ans. Y = J
0
(t), Z = -J
1
(t)- e-t
{
-3Y" + 3Z" = te-t - 3 cost
53. Solve
tY" - Z' = sin t
given that Y(O) = -1, Y'(O) = 2, Z(O) = 4, Z"(O) = 0.
Ans. Y = .ft2 +it- i- te- t, Z = .ft2 + J+ te- t + tte-t +cost
54. Find the general solution of the system of equations in Problem 49.
Ans. Y c
1
+ c
2
sin t + c
3
cost + -ft
2
+ -fe-t
Z = 1 - c
2
sin t - c
3
cos t - -fe-t
APPLICATIONS TO MECHANICS
55 . 'Referring to Fig. 3-1, Page 79, suppose that mass m has a force "f'(t), t > 0 acting on it but that no
damping forces are present.
(a) Show that if the mass starts from rest at a distance X= a from the equilibrium position (X = 0),
then the displacement X at any time t > 0 can be .. determined from the equation of motion
mX" + kX = "F(t), X(O) = a, X'(O) = 0
where primes denote derivatives with respect to t.
(b) Find X at any time if "f'(t) = F
0
(a constant) for t > 0.
(c) Find X at any time if "f'(t) = F
0
e-at where a > 0.
F
0
( . [k )
Ans. (b) X= a+k 1-cos'\jmt
Fo ~ aF0ym/k . ~
(c) X = a+ ma
2
+k(e-at-cosyk/mt) + ma
2
+k smyk/mt
56. Work Problem 55 if "ji'(t) = F
0
sin wt, treating the two cases: (a) w ~ yk/m, (b) w = yk/m. Discuss
the physical significance of each case.
57. A particle moves along a line so that its displacement X from a fixed point 0 at any time t is given by
X"(t) + 4 X(t) + 5 X(t) = 80 sin 5t