International Journal of Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Research

January 2013; 3(1): 36-38 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Application of Sodium Citrate As Hydrotropic Agent In Spectrophotometric Analysis of Salicylic Acid

(1)ADITYA

NARAYAN JHARIYA*, (2)ANSHU JOSHI, (1) ASHISH KUMAR PARASHAR, (1)RAJESH KUMAR NEMA College of Pharmacy, Indore, MP, India G. S. Institute of Technology and Science, 23 - Park Road, Indore, MP, India
(1)- Rishiraj

(2)- Shri,

Abstract
The solubility aspect of poorly water-soluble drugs is one of the biggest problems in their spectrophotometric analysis and thus required to increase it through application of various solubility enhancement method. Hydrotropy is one of the detrimental methods in which various salts are used to increase the solubility of drug like salicylic acid in water. The objective of the present study was to employ the hydrotropic solutions of sodium citrate to enhance the solubility of salicylic acid in water and prepare aliquots for UV spectroscopic analysis. We have found that the solubility enhancement is more than 85 folds. Results of the analysis were validated statistically. After performing the experiment, it was found that the amount of Salicylic acid estimated in pure sample by Indian Pharmacopoeial method was 98.94 1.803 and it was found to be 99.77 1.932, by the proposed method of analysis using 1.25 M sodium citrate solution. In the present investigation, it was found that using hydrotropy the solubility and UV analysis of salicylic acid is increased in aqueous solvents.

Keywords: Salicylic acid, Hydrotropy, Solubility enhancement, UV-Visible Spectrophotometry.

1.0. INTRODUCTION
The poorly water soluble drugs can be solubilize only in various organic solvants for spectrophotometric analysis [1]. Lipophillic drugs, having poor water solubility is one of the most difficult problems encountered during their spectrophotometric analysis in their formulation. Thus it is required to enhance their solubility so as to facilitate their estimation in dosage forms. Out of various methods available to increase water solubility of lipophillic drugs hydrotropy is an advanced and most successful method [2], in which solubility of poorly water soluble drug is increased by utilizing the highly water soluble substances. The agents used to increase the solubility of poorly water soluble drug in aqueous medium are known as hydrotropic agent, like sodium benzoate, niacinamide, sodium citrate, sodium acetate and -

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*Correspondence Aditya Narayan Jhariya Rishiraj College of Pharmacy, Indore, MP, India Email : adityanarayanj121@gmail.com Contact no.- 09165323545: Fax no.-0731- 4254125 Office Phone no- 0731- 4254135

- urea [3-7]. It is also known that the side effects of some drugs are the result of their poor solubility. The ability to increase aqueous solubility can thus be a valuable aid to increasing efficacy and/or reducing side effects for certain drugs [8]. Various organic solvents such as urea, chloroform and dimethyl formamide have also been employed for solubilization of poor water soluble drugs to carry out their spectrophotometric analysis. However the drawbacks of organic solvents include their higher cost, toxicity and pollution. Hydrotropic solution may be a proper choice to preclude the use of organic solvents. Salicylic acid can be analysed spectrophotometrically by using organic solvents like ethanol which is costly and poses some problems due to its vaporization. Thus the primary objective of the present investigation was to employ the hydrotropic solutions to estimate salicylic acid in its dosage forms precluding the use of costlier organic solvents. The selected max for Salicylic acid was 259 nm.Therefore, it was thought worthwhile to solubilise these drugs in hydrotropic solutions to carry out the titrations. Salicylic acid has poor water solubility, with the help of hydrotropic agents such as sodium citrate, we can increase its water solubility and thus spectrophotometric estimation

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Aditya et al.
ISSN: 2230-9306; www.ijrapronline.com

Int J Recent Adv Pharm Res, 2013;3(1):36-38

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International Journal of Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Research

January 2013; 3(1): 36-38 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

in water. Hydrotropes are a class of amphiphilic molecules that cannot form well organized structures, such as micelles, in water but do increase the aqueous solubility of organic molecules. Often strong synergistic effects are observed when hydrotropes are added to aqueous surfactant or polymer solutions. Hydrotropy is assumed to be another type of co-solvency. This gave a new thought that like mixed-hydrotropy, a mixed solvency concept may be tried to observe the effect on solubility of poorly water soluble drugs.[9] Various organic solvents like methanol, chloroform, alcohol, dimethyl-formamide, and benzene have been employed for the solubilization of poorly water soluble drugs for their analysis.[10] 2.0. MATERIALS AND METHODS Salicylic acid bulk drug sample was obtained as a gift sample from Alkem Lab Ltd., Mumbai. A spectrophotometer (Model UV-160A) (Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) with 1 cm matched silica cells was used for spectrophotometric analysis. All chemicals and solvents used were of analytical grade. The minimum hydro tropic concentration (MHC) of the hydrotropes used in this study is roughly the same when solutes are present in solution, as observed in other studies. 2.1. Analysis of salicylic acid bulk sample by Indian Pharmacopoeial method [11] Accurately weighed (0.3 g) salicylic acid bulk sample was dissolved in 50 ml of ethanol. After adding 20 ml distilled water, it was titrated with sodium hydroxide solution (0.1 M) using phenol red solution as indicator. Necessary blank determination was adjusted to get drug content (Table 1). 2.2. Analysis of Salicylic acid bulk drug sample by the proposed method: Salicylic acid bulk drug sample were weighed. As 300 mg mixed with 10 ml of 1.25 M sodium citrate solution which was prepared in distilled water and the volume made up to 100 ml with distilled water.

Table 1: Analysis of Data Method of analysis I.P.a P.M.S.B.

b

Bulk drug analyzed (mg) 300 300

Percentage drug estimated mean SD 98.94 1.803 99.77 1.932

% coefficien t of variation 1.822 1.936

Standa rd error 1.041 1.115

aIndian

bProposed

pharmacopoeia 1996 method using 1.25 M sodium citrate solution.

3.0. RESULT AND DISCUSSION It is evident from table that the amount of Salicylic acid estimated in pure sample by Indian Pharmacopoeial method is 98.94 1.803.In the proposed method of analysis, the amounts of salicylic acid estimated by use of 1.25 M sodium citrate solution were 99.77 1.932. The results of analysis by proposed method are very close to the results of analysis by standard method (Indian Pharmacopoeial method). The max of salicylic acid was 259 nm, while in combination with sodium citrate, salicylic acid showed a max at 296 nm and therefore no interference in the estimation were observed. Validation of the proposed method is further confirmed statistically by low values of percentage coefficient of variation and standard error. 4.0. CONCLUSION It is thus concluded that the proposed method is new, simple, cost effective, accurate, safe and precise and can be successfully employed in the routine analysis of salicylic acid in bulk drug samples. There is a good scope for other poorly water soluble drugs which may be tried to get solubilized by suitable hydrotropic agents to carry out their spectrophotometric analysis excluding the use of costlier and unsafe organic solvents. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors are thankful to Alkem Lab. Ltd., Mumbai for providing gift samples of Salicylic acid.

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Aditya et al.
ISSN: 2230-9306; www.ijrapronline.com

Int J Recent Adv Pharm Res, 2013;3(1):36-38

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International Journal of Recent Advances in Pharmaceutical Research

January 2013; 3(1): 36-38 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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[6] Chhajed M, Chhajed A , Shrivastava A, Gupta S, Mogra S. New quantitative estimation of acetazolamide bulk sample using hydrotropic solubilizing agents. World J of Pharm Res. 2012;1(1):50-57. [7] Maheshwari RK. Application of hydrotropic solubilization phenomenon in spectro photo metric estimation of norfloxacin in tablets. Indian J Pharm Educ Res. 2006;40(4):2005:237-240. [8] Maheshwari RK. A novel application of hydrotropic solubilization in the analysis of bulk samples of ketoprofen and salicylic acid. Asian J of Chem. 18(1); (2006): 393-396. [9] Patel M, Saktawat Y, Nema RK, Maheshwari RK. New spectrophotometric method for the estimation of naproxen in tablets using n,n-di methyl urea as hydrotropic agent . Curr Res in Pharm Sci. 2012;03:177-179. [10] Maheshwari RK, Mishra S, Rai R, Patel S, Jain G, Rajput MS. Eco friendly methods for the quantitative estimation of phenylbutazone in bulk sample using hydrotropic agents. Pharm Ana & Qual Assur. 2011; 2(2): 23-30. [11] Beckett AH, Stenlake JB. Practical pharmaceutical chemistry, Part II: CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 2005.

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Aditya et al.
ISSN: 2230-9306; www.ijrapronline.com

Int J Recent Adv Pharm Res, 2013;3(1):36-38

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