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EXAMPLE 1-029
FRAME LARGE BENDING DISPLACEMENTS EXAMPLE DESCRIPTION This example uses a fixed base cantilever column to test static nonlinear analysis with large bending displacements in SAP2000. A concentrated moment, M, is applied at the top of the column. The moment M is increased until the rotation at the top of the column is equal to radians (180 degrees). The resulting vertical and horizontal displacements of the top of the column and the moment required to create the desired deflected shape are compared with independent hand calculated results. Three different models, labeled A, B and C are run for this example. The models are identical except for the discretization of the column, which is broken up into 4, 16 and 64 elements in models A, B and C, respectively. After running the analysis, use the Display menu > Show Deformed Shape command to display the deflected shape. To get the deflected shape to display properly, uncheck the cubic curve option, select the Scale Factor option in the Scaling area of the form, and set the Scale Factor to 1. Note that for this problem with large bending displacements the iteration convergence tolerance for the nonlinear static analysis case is set to 1E-06. Large displacements problems often require tighter iteration tolerances. GEOMETRY, PROPERTIES AND LOADING
M Material Properties E = 29,000 k/in2 Section Properties W4X13 A = 3.83 in2 I = 11.3 in4 Frame Object Discretization Model A: 4 frame elements per frame object Model B: 16 frame elements per frame object Model C: 64 frame elements per frame object 100"

Deflected shape

Z Y X

EXAMPLE 1-029 - 1

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TECHNICAL FEATURES OF SAP2000 TESTED Static nonlinear analysis of frame structure with large bending displacements using the SAP2000 P-Delta plus large displacements option RESULTS COMPARISON Because the column is subjected to pure moment, it should bend in a circular arc. Thus, the independent results for displacement are calculated from the properties of a circle. The independent results for the moment are calculated using Equation 4 in Article 7.1 of Chapter 7 on page 91 of Roark and Young 1975. # Elms. Output Parameter Ux (jt 2) in A 4 Uz (jt 2) in Moment k-in Ux (jt 2) in B 16 Uz (jt 2) in Moment k-in Ux (jt 2) in C 64 Uz (jt 2) in Moment k-in Percent Difference +2.62% 0% 0% +0.16% 0% 0% +0.01% 0% 0%

Model

SAP2000 65.328 -100 10295 63.764 -100 10295 63.668 -100 10295

Independent 63.662 -100 10295 63.662 -100 10295 63.662 -100 10295

COMPUTER FILES: Example 1-029a, Example 1-029b, Example 1-029c CONCLUSION The SAP2000 results show an acceptable match with the independent results. As the discretization of the frame object increases, the SAP2000 and independent results converge.

EXAMPLE 1-029 - 2

C O M P U TE R S & S TR U C TU R ES IN C .

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HAND CALCULATION

EXAMPLE 1-029 - 3

C O M P U TE R S & S TR U C TU R ES IN C .

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EXAMPLE 1-029 - 4