Constitution of India

Basic Structure of Indian Economy:

The structure of Indian economy is basically dependent upon two things:

1. Rights 2. Duties

Rights here implies the fundamental rights of any indian citizen which start right
from the date of birth of a person and it continues even after the death of a person
i.e. the decent funeral of a person.

Article 21: Start before birth which end till funeral of a person.
Article 19: Right of freedom of expression.

Framing of Constitution of India$5

B.R. Ambedkar was the chairman of drafting committee of constitution of

drafting committee of constitution of India.

Constitutional committee was consisting of 299 members in 1947 where

some seats were reserved for low castes also.

Then the discussions were made during the period regarding the constitution
for 2 year 11 months 18 days.

Cabinet minister plan: 1946

Total Articles : 395

Total schedule : 12

Total parts : 24
The constitute assemble held its first meeting on december 9, 1946 and
elected Dr. Sachidanand Sinha as its provisional head (president) and its
permanent president was Dr. Rajendra Prasad on December 11, 1946

There were two separate constituent assembly for india & Pakistan and there
were 13 committee were consitituted & 14th committee was drafting
committee of constitution which finally made the constitution of india headed
by B.R. Ambedkar.

The draft of constitution of India is signed on January 24, 1950 and it came
into force on January 26, 1950. The major part of constitution on january 20,
1950 but in totalitiy, it came into force on january 26, 1950. E.g. citizenship
election etc.

Govt. of India Act, 1935 (75% of the constitution of India is taken from the
act & remaining is taken from : -

1. Fundamental rights, USA

2. DPSP: Directive Principle of State Policy, Ireland
3. Rule of law: UK
4. Fundamental duties : ussr
5. Republic equality, liberty, fraternity: france
6. Lists from australia. We had taken three list from australia: Union List,
State list and concurrent list.

Preamble:

Preamble is the part of constitution so it can be ammended. To interpret the

constitution the final authority is Supreme court.

Objective:

1. Soverienty of the nation

2. To establish democratic union
3. Republic: Where head of state is elected by public
4. Secularism and socialism
5. To eradicate poverty and give employment to all.

Features of constitution:

1. The bulkiest constitution of world containing 395 articles.

2. Combination of rigidity and flexibility
 3. Parliamentary system of government
4. Federal system with unitary bias.
5. Fundamental rights and duties
6. Secular state
7. Indipendent juduciary: Present law minister: Mr. Bhardwaj
8. Panchayati Raaj

Articles:

Article 1 to 4:
Nation India: In 2000, Three states are created.

Article 5 to 11: Citizenship

In India, we have only single citizenship.
citizenship can be attained through
1. By birth
2. By living in India for 6 months then application and then can be acquired

Article 12 to 35: Fundamental Rights

Article 12: What is state?

Article 13:

Article 226: Go to High court

Article 32: Go to Supreme court for any discrepency in case of violation of

fundamental rights.

Article 14-18: Right to equality

Article 14: Equality before law
Article 15-16: everybody is equal except SC, ST & others (OBC) in
educational institution.

Article 15(5): there is reservation given to OBC in central government

educational institution.

Article 16: in case of employment everyone is equal except SC/ST & others.

Article 17: Abolition of untouchability

Article 18: Abolition of titles

Article 19: Freedom of expression, speech, mobility, progression

Article 20: Right of fair trial and justice. No double jeopardy (you can’t be
punished twice for one offence)

Article 22: you should be presented within 24 hours before magistrate (Ilaka
Magistrate)

Article 21: Nucleus of constitution

Right of life

Article 21A: from 6 to 14 year, your primary education is free and

compulsory but if parents break these rule then state can’t file care against
parents.

Article 23: Human trafficking (Sale of human beings)

Article 24: Ban on child labor below age of 14

Article 25-28: Educational, cultural & religious right of minorities.

Article 29-30: fundamental right of minorities

Article 31: It is abolished now. Earlier it was for right of property

Article 32: Supreme Court. Any person whose fundamental rights had been
broken can go directly to supreme court.