Incompressible Pipe Flow/Friction Factor Calculator - U.S.

Cus
Workbook Contents
Click on tabs at the bottom of the screen to access the following: Tab 1. Contents (current tab) Tab 2. Liquid Properties - Sets liquid density and viscosity values Tab 3. Frictional Pressure Drop/Head Loss Calculator Tab 4. Pipe Flow Rate Calculator Tab 5. Required Diameter Calculator

Copyright McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved.

alculator - U.S. Customary Units

Selection of Liquid and Setting the Density and Viscosity values for use in the other Worksheets

MAKE CHOICES

Click below to select either the Fanning friction factor or the Moody friction factor for your calculations in this workbook. Fanning Click below to select either lbm or slugs as the preferred unit of mass for your calculations in this workbook. lbm

Either (i) select a liquid and enter its temperature in the first two yellow cells below, so that its density & viscosity will be calculated and used, or else (ii) enter liquid density in cell D37 and viscosity in cell D53 and those values will be used.
Select a Liquid and Enter Temperature

LIQUID DENSITY

Click at right to Select Liquid Temperature Range (oF): Liquid Temperature (oF): Liquid Density (lbm/cu ft)

Toluene -139 to 606 50 54.78

(Enter Values in yellow cells only)

NOTE: If you want to use a liquid from the menu above, then the yellow cell, D37 must be blank. Use the density value above, OR
Enter a Liquid Density Obtained Elsewhere Liquid Density (lbm/cu ft)

For densities of selected fuels and lubricants, see

Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed., Table 3.3.1

Liquid Density Result:

54.8

lbm/cu ft

(from menu selection)

(This is the density value that will be used in all of the other worksheets.)

OSITY

LIQUID VISCOSITY

Viscosity from above menu selection: lbf-s/ft2 0.0000139

NOTE: If you want to use a liquid from the menu above, then the yellow cell, D53 must be blank. Use the viscosity value above, OR
Enter a Liquid Viscosity Obtained Elsewhere Liquid Viscosity (lbf-s/ft2):

For viscosities of selected fuels and lubricants, see

Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers 11th Ed., Table 3.3.3

Liquid Viscosity Result:

1.39E-05

lbf-s/ft2

(from menu selection)

(This is the viscosity value that will be used in all of the other worksheets.)

Copyright McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved.

********************************** WORKSPACE *********************************************************************************************

Density = Fanning Moody lbm slugs

3 1.7 slugs/ft

The source for the values in this table for density calculation is:
Table 2-32 in Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Ed.

Excel Vlookup re Calculations: 1,1,2-Trichloroethane 1,2-Butadiene 1,2-Propylene glycol 1,3-Butadiene 1-Butanol 1-Octanol 1-Propanol 2-Butanol 2-Octanol 2-Propanol Acetic acid Acetic anhydride Acetone Acetonitrile Acrylic acid Benzene Benzoic acid Bromobenzene Butyl acetate Carbon disulfide Carbon tetrachloride Chlorobenzene Chloroform Chloromethane Cumene Cyclohexane -139 to 606 54.7798905 Range, F -33 to 624 -215 to 354 -76 to 666 -164 to 306 -128 to 554 5 to 714 -195 to 507 -175 to 504 -23 to 675 -126 to 455 63 to 604 -99 to 631 -139 to 455 -47 to 523 55 to 648 43 to 552 252 to 892 -24 to 747 -99 to 576 -169 to 534 -9 to 541 -49 to 678 -81 to 505 -144 to 298 -141 to 676 45 to 538 -213 to 945 -20 to 651 -144 to 592 84 to 867 0.8792 c1 0.9062 1.187 1.0923 1.2346 0.98279 0.48979 1.2457 0.9682 0.50726 1.1799 1.4486 0.86852 1.2332 1.3064 1.2414 1.0259 0.71587 0.8226 0.67794 1.7968 0.99835 0.8711 1.0841 1.817 0.58711 0.88998 1.1035 0.41084 0.55941 0.68184

Variables for Density C

irst two yellow cells nd used, or else (ii) enter ose values will be used.

(Enter Values in yellow cells only)

For densities of selected fuels and lubricants, see

Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed., Table 3.3.1

(from menu selection)

Cyclopentane Decane Dibutyl ether Diethanol amine

worksheets.)

Diethyl ether Dimethyl sulfoxide Diphenyl ether Dodecane

-177 to 381 66 to 853 81 to 921 16 to 725 -173 to 466 -117 to 482 -31 to 797 9 to 837 54 to 608 -44 to 549 37 to 928 -130 to 512 64 to 842 -139 to 455 36 to 716 -139 to 390 59 to 732 -144 to 464 -144 to 453 -54 to 559 -162 to 435 -233 to 570 -125 to 505 -119 to 574 -54 to 651 -63 to 610 -71 to 565 63 to 790 -13 to 675 50 to 815 -202 to 387 106 to 790 268 to 964 -6 to 622 -146 to 689 55 to 649 -22 to 685 -162 to 513 -139 to 606 -175 to 504 -13 to 691 -245 to 318 32 to 176

0.9554 1.1096 0.52133 0.33267 1.6288 0.8996 0.48864 1.315 0.7842 1.0146 1.2486 0.61259 0.23289 0.70824 1.0516 1.2801 0.87025 2.3267 1.13 0.7761 0.928 0.73109 0.93767 0.71687 0.68902 0.46321 0.5266 0.48251 0.69962 0.25142 0.84947 1.3798 0.5393 1.0969 0.57233 0.67752 0.7397 1.2543 0.8792 0.7035 0.36703 1.5115 -13.851

For viscosities of selected fuels and lubricants, see

Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers 11th Ed., Table 3.3.3

Ethanol Ethyl acetate Ethyl benzoate Ethylene glycol Ethylenediamine Fluorobenzene Formamide Heptane

(from menu selection)

Hexadecane Hexane Hydrazine Isopropyl amine Methacrylic acid Methanol Methyl acetate Methyl methacrylate Methyl tert-butyl ether Methylcyclohexane Methylethyl ketone Methylisobutyl ketone m-Xylene Nonane Octane Octanoic acid o-Xylene Pentadecane Pentane Phenol Phthalic anhydride Propionic acid Propylbenzene p-Xylene Styrene Tetrahydrofuran Toluene Triethyl amine Undecane Vinyl chloride Water

r worksheets.)

*******************************************************************

The source for the values in this table for viscosity calculation is:
Handbook, 8th Ed. Table 2-313 in Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Ed.

Excel Vlookup results based on selected fluid: 0.27136 591.75 0.29241 92.138 -139 to 232 Variables for Density Calculations: 0.0000139 c2 c3 c4 Mol. Weight Range, F 0.25475 602 0.31 133.404 -33 to 237 0.26114 452 0.3065 54.09 -212 to 52 0.26106 626 0.20459 76.094 -76 to 442 0.27216 425 0.28707 54.09 -9 to 261 0.2683 563.1 0.25488 74.122 181 to 246 0.24931 652.3 0.27824 130.228 45 to 383 0.27281 0.26244 0.25972 0.2644 0.25892 0.25187 0.25886 0.22597 0.25822 0.26666 0.24812 0.26632 0.2637 0.28749 0.274 0.26805 0.2581 0.25877 0.25583 0.27376 0.27035 0.25175 0.27243 0.23796 536.8 535.9 629.8 508.3 591.95 606 508.2 545.5 615 562.05 752 670.15 575.4 552 556.35 632.35 536.4 416.25 631 553.8 507 617.7 584.1 736.6 0.23994 0.26749 0.22 0.24653 0.2529 0.31172 0.2913 0.28678 0.30701 0.28394 0.2857 0.2821 0.29318 0.3226 0.287 0.2799 0.2741 0.2833 0.28498 0.28571 0.28699 0.28571 0.29932 0.2062 60.095 74.122 130.228 60.095 60.052 102.09 58.079 41.052 72.063 78.112 122.121 157.008 116.16 76.141 153.823 112.557 119.378 50.488 120.192 84.159 68.117 142.282 130.228 105.136 -195 to 207 -175 to 212 -26 to 356 -126 to 180 63 to 244 -81 to 284 -117 to 133 -47 to 325 55 to 369 43 to 522 253 to 621 -24 to 313 -9 to 259 -168 to 336 -9 to 360 -9 to 513 - 81 to 176 -144 to 266 -99 to 261 45 to 338 -54 to 126 21 to 118 -144 to 286 68 to 601

-226.08 c1 0.388 -10.143 -804.54 17.844 0.87669 -19.907 23.467 -16.323 16.792 -8.8918

6805.7 37.542 Variables for Viscosity Calculations: c2 c3 736.5 -1.7063 472.79 -0.028241 30487 130.79 -310.2 -4.5058 1602.9 -2.1475 2791.7 0.94296 116.07 3141.7 1353.6 2357.6 -5.3372 -4.6357 -0.91376

-9.03
-14.164 -14.918 -10.906 -28.12 7.5117 -12.947 -20.611 -17.488 -10.306 -8.0738 0.15772 -14.109 -25.132 -24.988 -33.763 -3.2612 -10.115 10.027 -375.21

1212.3
1350.3 1023.4 872.02 2280.2 294.68 2557.9 1656.5 1478.2 703.01 1121.1 540.5 1049.2 1381.9 1807.9 2497.2 614.16 1111.9 206 17177

-0.322
0.4492 0.5961 2.3956 -2.794 1.4415 0.91828 -0.4726 -1.6075 0.5377 2.0811 2.0556 3.2236 -1.156 -0.015659 -3.1607 66.66

0.26847 0.25189 0.26218 0.24664 0.27469 0.25856 0.23894 0.25125 0.20702 0.27277 0.20352 0.26211 0.23659 0.26411 0.16613 0.2828 0.24383 0.27073 0.2593 0.25068 0.289 0.26971 0.25035 0.26453 0.26086 0.25444 0.25693 0.25196 0.26143 0.23837 0.26726 0.31598 0.22704 0.25568 0.25171 0.25887 0.2603 0.28084 0.27136 0.27386 0.24876 0.2707 0.64038

466.7 729 766.8 658 514 523.3 698 720 593 560.09 771 540.2 723 507.6 653.15 471.85 662 512.5 506.55 566 497.1 572.1 535.5 574.6 617 594.6 568.7 694.26 630.3 708 469.7 694.25 791 600.81 638.35 616.2 636 540.15 591.75 535.15 639 432 -0.00191

0.2814 0.3311 0.31033 0.28571 0.23178 0.278 0.28421 0.21868 0.20254 0.28291 0.25178 0.28141 0.28571 0.27537 0.1898 0.2972 0.28571 0.24713 0.2764 0.29773 0.286 0.29185 0.29984 0.28918 0.27479 0.28571 0.28571 0.26842 0.27365 0.28571 0.27789 0.32768 0.248 0.26857 0.29616 0.27596 0.3009 0.2912 0.29241 0.2872 0.28571 0.2716 1.82E-06

74.122 78.133 170.207 170.335 46.068 88.105 150.175 62.068 60.098 96.102 45.041 100.202 226.441 86.175 32.045 59.11 86.089 32.042 74.079 100.116 88.148 98.186 72.106 100.159 106.165 128.255 114.229 144.211 106.165 212.415 72.149 94.111 148.116 74.079 120.192 106.165 104.149 72.106 92.138 101.19 156.308 62.498 18.015

163 to 212 66 to 376 68 to 644 12 to 487 -99 to 333 -63 to 392 -9 to 417 9 to 577 52 to 410 - 42 to 356 32 to 428 -135 to 318 64 to 556 -144 to 271 34 to 482 -9 to 356 59 to 322 -144 to 149 -9 to 306 9 to 261 -162 to 351 -195 to 365 -125 to 505 -119 to 241 -54 to 284 -67 to 608 -80 to 360 63 to 464 -13 to 293 50 to 520 -202 to 378 64 to 540 268 to 545 -6 to 286 -99 to 318 55 to 284 -22 to 293 -162 to 212 -139 to 232 -9 to 187 -13 to 460 -225 to 261 32 to 703

10.197 -37.347 -12.373 -7.8244 7.875 14.354 -40.706 -20.515 -53.908 -10.064 40.153 -9.4622 -20.182 -6.3276 -75.781 -31.157 -14.527 -25.317 13.557 -0.099 -6.921 -11.358 -1.0598 -11.394 -11.91 -68.54 -7.556 -60.795 -15.489 -19.299 -53.509 -43.335 195.25 -23.932 -18.282 -7.381 -22.675 -10.321 -226.08 -3.7067 52.176 0.26297 -52.843

-63.8 2835 2017.5 1191.9 781.98 -154.6 3035 2468.5 4030.8 1058.7 -912.39 877.07 2203.5 640 4175.4 1926 1497.7 1789.2 -187.3 496 790.773 1213.1 520.68 1168.7 1094.9 3165.3 881.09 4617.8 1393.5 2088.6 1836.6 3881.7 -11072 1834.6 1549.7 911.7 1758 900.92 6805.7 585.78 -4951.9 276.55 3703.6

-3.226 3.7937 -0.49963 -3.0418 -3.7887 4.2655 1.2435 5.9704 -0.17162 -7.5664 -0.23445 1.2289 -0.694 9.6508 2.925 0.51747 2.069 -3.6592 -1.5939 -0.654 -1.4961 -0.007539 0.13825 9.0919 -0.52502 7.028 0.63711 1.1091 7.1409 4.3983 -29.084 1.9124 1.0454 -0.54152 1.6701 -0.069128 37.542 -1.0926 -8.5676 -1.7282 5.866

viscosity calculation is:

s' Handbook, 8th Ed.

-0.060853 r Viscosity Calculations: c4

1 c5

-0.15449 3.387E+22 2.304E+24 2.88E+09 2.666E+31

1 -9.9231 -10.09 -4.0267 -13.039

-4.5E-27

10

-3.6367

0.5

3.957E+23

-10

2.5E+12

-5

1.687E+24 1.402E+22

-10 -10

5.688E+21 -7.27E-09

-10 3

4.634E+22

-10

-1.96E-05 3.055E+24

2 -10

-0.060853 570980 -5.879E-29

1 -2 10

Pipe Flow - Frictional Pressure Drop/Head Loss: (U.S. units)

Calculation of Frictional Pressure Drop & Head Loss for given flow rate, Q, pipe diam., D, pipe roughness, e, and liquid properties, r & m, using the Fanning friction factor

NOTE: This worksheet is set to use the Fanning friction factor for all calculations. If you want to the Moody friction factor, go to the top of the Fluid Properties worksheet to make the change.
Enter the indicated input data: Pipe Diameter, Din = Pipe Length, L = 8 100 0.0005 0.9 OR 0.9 in ft ft cfs gpm cfs

INPUT DATA

Pipe Roughness, e = Pipe Flow Rate, Q =

Q=
Calculated Values: Pipe Diameter, D = Cross-Sect. Area, A = Ave. Velocity, V =

0.6667 0.3491 2.6

ft ft2 ft/sec

Friction Factor Calculation

CALCULATIONS

Reynolds Number, Re = Fanning Friction Factor =

210,146 0.004983

Pressure Drop Calculations DPf and hL Pressure Drop, DPf =

16.9

psf

CALCUL

Pressure Drop, DPf = Frictional Head Loss, hL =

0.12 0.31

psi ft

Copyright McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved.

********************************** WORKSPACE *********************************************************************************************

Churchill Equation Initial estimate of f 0.00502 Colebrook Equation 1st iteration with Colebrook; 0.004982 2nd iteration with Colebrook; 0.004983 3rd iteration with Colebrook; 0.004983 4th iteration with Colebrook; 0.004983 5th iteration with Colebrook; 0.004983 6th iteration with Colebrook; 0.004983 7th iteration with Colebrook; 0.004983 8th iteration with Colebrook; 0.004983 9th iteration with Colebrook; 0.004983 10th iteration with Colebrook; 0.004983 11th iteration with Colebrook; 0.004983 12th iteration with Colebrook; 0.004983

Discussion and References Information about the friction factor, as well as useful equations, tables,

ead Loss: (U.S. units)

using the Fanning friction factor

for given flow rate, Q, pipe diam.,

Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Ed. - S

Hick's Handbook of Chemical Engineering Calculations, Fou

tor for all calculations. If you want to use es worksheet to make the change.

Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ricketts' Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers, 5th Ed Figures and Equations
The friction factor chart, which is being replaced by this spreadsheet as

for the friction factor for known values of the Reynolds number and e/D

(Enter Values in Yellow Cells Only)

Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 8th Ed, Figure 6Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed, Tables of roughness, e, for various pipe materials:

Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 8th Ed, Table Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed, Friction Factor Equations The Churchill Equation: From Liquid Properties Worksheet: The Churchill Equation: Liquid for Calculations: Temperature of Liquid (oF): Toluene 50 f = {-2 log[(0.27e/D) + (7/Re)0.9]}-2 f = {-4 log[(0.27e/D) + (7/Re)0.9]}-2 [with

[with M

(The Churchill Equation is used in this worksheet to obtain an initial assumed

The Colebrook Equation: The Colebrook Equation:

f = {(-4)log [(e/3.7D) + (1.256/(Re*f1/2)]}-2 f = {(-2)log [(e/3.7D) + (2.51/(Re*f1/2)]}-2

(The Colebrook Equation is used to obtain a final value of f through an iterati

The Process The Fanning friction factor is calculated behind the scenes (at the bottom of this worksheet) with the Colebrook equation using an iterative calculation.

Equations relating the parameters used in these worksheets to each

The Fanning Equation:

Equation 6-32 in Perry's

Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 8th Ed.

The Darcy Weisbach Equation: Equation 21-30 in the Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers, 5th Ed. The equation relating frictional pressure drop and frictional head loss:

hL = DPfgc/rg

gc = 32.174 lbm-ft/lbf-sec2 = 1 slug-ft/lbf-sec2

Following is a link to an example calculation similar to the one in this w

l rights reserved.

Handbook of Chemical Engineering Calculations, Fourth Ed, Section 6.4

*************************************************************************************

Discussion and References

n factor, as well as useful equations, tables, and figures:

s Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Ed. - Section 6.1.4

ok of Chemical Engineering Calculations, Fourth Ed. - Section 6.4

rd Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed. - Section 3.3.11 andard Handbook for Civil Engineers, 5th Ed. - Section 21.3 Figures and Equations

, which is being replaced by this spreadsheet as a means of obtaining a value

nown values of the Reynolds number and e/D:

mical Engineer's Handbook, 8th Ed, Figure 6-9 - Fanning Chart andbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed, Fig 3.3.24 - Moody Chart

or various pipe materials:

hemical Engineer's Handbook, 8th Ed, Table 6-1 - S.I. units andbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed, Table 3.3.9 - U.S. units Friction Factor Equations f = {-4 log[(0.27e/D) + (7/Re)0.9]}-2 f = {-2 log[(0.27e/D) + (7/Re)0.9]}-2 [with Fanning Friction Factor] [with Moody Friction Factor]

sed in this worksheet to obtain an initial assumed value of f.)

f = {(-4)log [(e/3.7D) + (1.256/(Re*f1/2)]}-2 f = {(-2)log [(e/3.7D) + (2.51/(Re*f1/2)]}-2

[Fanning Friction Factor] [Moody Friction Factor]

used to obtain a final value of f through an iterative calculation.)

parameters used in these worksheets to each other with the friction factor

Equation 6-32 in Perry's

dbook, 8th Ed.

ation: Equation 21-30 for Civil Engineers, 5th Ed.

al head loss:

hL = DPfgc/rg

-sec2 = 1 slug-ft/lbf-sec2

ample calculation similar to the one in this worksheet:

ineering Calculations, Fourth Ed, Section 6.4

Pipe Flow Rate Calculator (Fanning friction factor): (U.S. units)

Calculation of Liquid Flow Rate, Q, for given frictional head loss, h L, pipe diam., D, pipe length, L, pipe roughness, e, and Liquid properties, r & m.

NOTE: This worksheet is set to use the Fanning friction factor for all calculations. If you want to the Moody friction factor, go to the top of the Liquid Properties worksheet to make the change.

Enter the indicated input data:

INPUT DATA

Pipe Diameter, Din = Pipe Length, L = Pipe Roughness, e = Allowable Head Loss, hL =

8 100 0.0005 0.9

in ft ft ft

Calculation of the Fanning Friction Factor, f

Pipe Diameter, D:

0.6667 0.3491 25321

ft ft2

CALCULATIONS

Cross-Sect. Area, A: Re(f1/2):

Fanning Friction Factor:

0.00483

V and Q, using the Fanning equation and above value for f

Fluid Velocity, V = Fluid Flow Rate, Q = Fluid Flow Rate, Q =

4.5 1.56 700

ft/sec cfs gpm

Copyright McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved.

factor): (U.S. units)

Discussion and References

tional head loss, h L, Liquid properties, r & m.

Information about the friction factor, as well as useful equations, tables, and figures Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Ed. - Section 6.1.4 Hick's Handbook of Chemical Engineering Calculations, Fourth Ed. - Section 6.4 Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed. - Section 3.3.11 Ricketts' Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers, 5th Ed. - Section 21.3 Figures and Equations for the friction factor for known values of the Reynolds number and e/D:

all calculations. If you want to use

rksheet to make the change.

The friction factor chart, which is being replaced by this spreadsheet as a mean

(Enter Values in Yellow Cells Only)

Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 8th Ed, Figure 6-9 - Fanning Chart

Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed, Fig 3.3.24 - Moody Tables of roughness, e, for various pipe materials: Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 8th Ed, Table 6-1 - S.I. units Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed, Table 3.3.9 - U.S.

Equations for calculating friction factor when flow rate through the pipe is t Fanning Friction Factor: Re(f
1/2

) = (rD/m)(ghLD/(2L))

1/2

From Liquid Properties Worksheet:

f = {(-4)log [(e/3.7D) + (1.256/(Re*f1/2)]}-2

[the Colebrook Equation in terms of

Liquid for Calculations: Temperature of Liquid (oF):

Toluene Moody Friction Factor: Re(f 50 f = {(-2)log [(e/3.7D) + (2.51/(Re*f1/2)]}-2

1/2

) = (rD/m)(2ghLD/(L))1/2

[the Colebrook Equation in terms of M

Equations for calculating velocity: Using Fanning friction factor: V = [g*hL*D/(2*f*L)] Using Moody friction factor: V = [2*g*hL*D/(f*L)]
1/2

1/2

(derived from the Darcy W

Equation relating Q, V & D:

Q = V(pD /4)
2

Following is a link to an example calculation similar to the one in this worksheet: Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed., Example: Case 2

nd References

quations, tables, and figures:

on 6.1.4 Fourth Ed. - Section 6.4

11th Ed. - Section 3.3.11

d. - Section 21.3

d Equations

y this spreadsheet as a means of obtaining a value

s number and e/D:

6-9 - Fanning Chart

11th Ed, Fig 3.3.24 - Moody Chart

-1 - S.I. units 11th Ed, Table 3.3.9 - U.S. units

rate through the pipe is the unknown: (derived from definition of Fanning Friction Factor)

ebrook Equation in terms of Fanning friction factor]

(derived from definition of Moody Friction Factor)

brook Equation in terms of Moody friction factor]

(derived from the Fanning equation) (derived from the Darcy Weisbach equation)

the one in this worksheet:

11th Ed., Example: Case 2

Pipe Diameter Calculator (Fanning Friction Factor - U.S. units)

Calculation of pipe diameter, D, for given flow rate, Q, pipe length, L, pipe roughness, e, head loss, hL, and liquid properties, r & m. NOTE: This worksheet is set to use the Fanning friction factor for all calculations. If you want to use the Moody friction factor, go to the top of the Liquid Properties worksheet to make the change.

Enter the indicated input data:

INPUT DATA

Pipe Length, L = Pipe Roughness, e = Allowable Head Loss, hL = Pipe Flow Rate, Q = OR Q= Assumed Pipe Diam, Din =

150 0.0005 2 1.2

ft ft ft cfs gpm

1.2 8.0

cfs in

Note: This is an iterative calculation. The initial assumed value of D is used to start the process.

DIAMETER RESULTS

Min Required Pipe Diam =

6.71

in

(calculated by automated iterative procedure below)

Check on adequacy of the Iterative Calculation of min. Diameter:

ft2 ft/sec

Cross-Sect. Area, A = Ave. Velocity, V = Reynolds Number, Re = Fanning Friction Factor Pipe Diameter, D = Diff. from min pipe diam above:

0.2454 4.9 334,164 0.0050 6.71 0.00

in in

If the difference shown in cell D41 is not zero to at least one decimal place accuracy, you should replace the assumed diam in cell D23 with a value closer to that in cell D28.

NOTE: The iterative calculation of the minimum required pipe diameter is carried out in the lower part of this worksheet with the result appearing in Cell D28 above. The iterative process converges quite well unless the assumed diameter is much greater or much less than the actual minimum required diameter.

********************************** WORKSPACE **************************************************************************************************

Automated Iterative Calculation of the Minimum Required P

1st iteration for D Assumed Pipe Diameter = Cross-Sect. Area, A = Ave. Velocity, V = Reynolds Number, Re = Fanning Friction Factor 2nd iteration for D Pipe Diameter, D = Diff. from assumed D = Diameter for next iteration: Cross-Sect. Area, A = Ave. Velocity, V = Reynolds Number, Re = Fanning Friction Factor Pipe Diameter, D = Diff. from previous D = Diameter for next iteration: Cross-Sect. Area, A = Ave. Velocity, V = Reynolds Number, Re = Fanning Friction Factor Pipe Diameter, D = Diff. from previous D = Diameter for next iteration: Cross-Sect. Area, A = Ave. Velocity, V = Reynolds Number, Re = Fanning Friction Factor Pipe Diameter, D = Diff. from previous D = Diameter for next iteration: Cross-Sect. Area, A = 8.00 0.3491 3.4 280,195 0.0049 3.24 in ft2 ft/sec

4.764 in 6.81 ft2 0.2529 4.7 ft/sec 329,209 0.0050 6.30 0.505 6.68 0.2436 4.9 335,423 0.0050 6.81 -0.131 6.72 0.2460 4.9 333,791 0.0050 6.68 0.039 6.71 0.2453 in in ft2 ft/sec

3rd iteration for D

4th iteration for D

in in ft2 ft/sec

5th iteration for D

in in ft2

Ave. Velocity, V = Reynolds Number, Re = Fanning Friction Factor 6th iteration for D Pipe Diameter, D = Diff. from previous D = Diameter for next iteration: Cross-Sect. Area, A = Ave. Velocity, V = Reynolds Number, Re = Fanning Friction Factor Pipe Diameter, D = Diff. from previous D = Diameter for next iteration: Cross-Sect. Area, A = Ave. Velocity, V = Reynolds Number, Re = Fanning Friction Factor Pipe Diameter, D = Diff. from previous D = Diameter for next iteration: Cross-Sect. Area, A = Ave. Velocity, V = Reynolds Number, Re = Fanning Friction Factor Pipe Diameter, D = Diff. from previous D = Diameter for next iteration: Cross-Sect. Area, A = Ave. Velocity, V = Reynolds Number, Re = Fanning Friction Factor Pipe Diameter, D = Diff. from previous D = Diameter for next iteration: Cross-Sect. Area, A = Ave. Velocity, V = Reynolds Number, Re = Fanning Friction Factor

4.9 ft/sec 334,271 0.0050 6.72 -0.011 6.71 0.2455 4.9 334,134 0.0050 6.71 0.003 6.71 0.2454 4.9 334,173 0.0050 6.71 -0.001 6.71 0.2454 4.9 334,162 0.0050 6.71 0.000 6.71 0.2454 4.9 334,165 0.0050 6.71 0.000 6.71 0.2454 4.9 334,164 0.0050 in in ft2 ft/sec

7th iteration for D

in in ft2 ft/sec

8th iteration for D

in in ft2 ft/sec

9th iteration for D

in in ft2 ft/sec

10th iteration for D

in in ft2 ft/sec

Factor - U.S. units)

Discussion and References Information about the friction factor, as well as useful equations, tables, and figures: Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook, 8th Ed. - Section 6.1.4 Hick's Handbook of Chemical Engineering Calculations, Fourth Ed. - Section 6.4 Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed. - Section 3.3.11 Ricketts' Standard Handbook for Civil Engineers, 5th Ed. - Section 21.3 Figures and Equations for the friction factor for known values of the Reynolds number and e/D: Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 8th Ed, Figure 6-9 - Fanning Chart

e, Q, pipe length, L, roperties, r & m.

or all calculations.

The friction factor chart, which is being replaced by this spreadsheet as a means of ob

(Enter Values in Yellow Cells Only)

Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed, Fig 3.3.24 - Moody Cha Tables of roughness, e, for various pipe materials: Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 8th Ed, Table 6-1 - S.I. units

From Liquid Properties Worksheet:

Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed, Table 3.3.9 - U.S. units

Liquid for Calculations: Temperature of Liquid (oF):

Toluene 50

Friction Factor Equations: The Churchill Equation: The Churchill Equation: f = {-4 log[(0.27e/D) + (7/Re)0.9]}-2 f = {-2 log[(0.27e/D) + (7/Re)0.9]}-2

[with Fanning Friction

D is used to start the process.

[with Moody Friction F

(The Churchill Equation is used in this worksheet to obtain an initial assumed value of f.)

The Colebrook Equation: The Colebrook Equation:

f = {(-4)log [(e/3.7D) + (1.256/(Re*f1/2)]}-2 f = {(-2)log [(e/3.7D) + (2.51/(Re*f1/2)]}-2

[Fanning Fric

[Moody Frictio

(The Colebrook Equation is used to obtain a final value of f through an iterative calculation.)

ameter:
Equations for calculating pipe diameter: Note the need for an iterative procedure to calculate D, because D is needed to calculate f and f is needed to calculate D. Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook, 8th Ed, Table 10-22 - U.S. units Piping Handbook, Seventh Ed., Table E2.1M - S.I. units Following is a link to an example calculation similar to the one in this worksheet: For a table with standard pipe size information, see: Using Fanning friction factor: D = 2*f*L*V /g*hL Using Moody friction factor: D = f*L*V /2*g*hL
2 2

(derived from the Fanning equati

(derived from the Darcy Weisbac

mal place accuracy, oser to that in cell D28.

carried out in the lower part of

Mark's Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, 11th Ed., Example: Case 3

ocess converges quite well minimum required diameter. Copyright McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved.

****************************************************************************** ********************************** WORKSPACE ************************************************

on of the Minimum Required Pipe Diameter

friction factor calculation 1st iteration; 2nd iteration; 3rd iteration; 4th iteration; 5th iteration; 6th iteration; friction factor calculation 1st iteration; 2nd iteration; 3rd iteration; 4th iteration; 5th iteration; 6th iteration; friction factor calculation 1st iteration; 2nd iteration; 3rd iteration; 4th iteration; 5th iteration; 6th iteration; friction factor calculation 1st iteration; 2nd iteration; 3rd iteration; 4th iteration; 5th iteration; 6th iteration; friction factor calculation 1st iteration; 2nd iteration; 3rd iteration; 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 " " " " " " " " " " " " 0.00493 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 0.0049 Churchill Equation Colebrook Equation " " " " " " " "

0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

4th iteration; 5th iteration; 6th iteration; friction factor calculation 1st iteration; 2nd iteration; 3rd iteration; 4th iteration; 5th iteration; 6th iteration; friction factor calculation 1st iteration; 2nd iteration; 3rd iteration; 4th iteration; 5th iteration; 6th iteration; friction factor calculation 1st iteration; 2nd iteration; 3rd iteration; 4th iteration; 5th iteration; 6th iteration; friction factor calculation 1st iteration; 2nd iteration; 3rd iteration; 4th iteration; 5th iteration; 6th iteration; friction factor calculation 1st iteration; 2nd iteration; 3rd iteration; 4th iteration; 5th iteration; 6th iteration;

0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050 0.0050

nces

ables, and figures:

d. - Section 6.4 Section 3.3.11

on 21.3

ns

dsheet as a means of obtaining a value

and e/D:

ning Chart

g 3.3.24 - Moody Chart

nits

able 3.3.9 - U.S. units

[with Fanning Friction Factor]

[with Moody Friction Factor]

ssumed value of f.)

f1/2)]}-2 )]}-2

[Fanning Friction Factor] [Moody Friction Factor]

1/2

n iterative calculation.)

om the Fanning equation)

m the Darcy Weisbach equation)

S. units

this worksheet:

Example: Case 3

All rights reserved.

****************************************************************************************************

Equation