CHM 401 PRACTICE EXAM II

True/ alse (1 !oint ea"# $or total 10) Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

SPRING 2010 (100 Total Points)

1. In natural rivers and lakes humic acid exceeds fulvic acid because humic acid is more water soluble. 2. Induced dipole-dipole (van der Waals) forces in water are of minor importance in relative to h dro!en bondin!. ". #olloids do not settle out in water becasue of the motion of the water molecules around them. $. %he ori!inal meanin! or idea of &eutrophication' was that it represented the natural a!in! process of a lake or other water bod . (. #oral reefs have been postulated to be involved in the !lobal warmin! mechanism throu!h their rapid dissolution to produce carbon dioxide which then leads to the initiation of de!laciation. ). %he levels of methane in the !lobal atmosphere have almost tripled in the last 2** ears. +. ,ost of the world-s methane is believed to be stored in the form of clathrate h drates. .. In pure water all metal ions exist as a/uo complexes. 0. 1articles have lar!er specific surace areas than e/ual numbers of colloids.

____ 1*. % pe 2 metals readil form insoluble sulfides. Multi!le C#oi"e (2 !oint ea"# $or a total o$ 40) Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 11. #olloids are !enerall considered to be in the si3e ran!e of ____________. a. 4 1* m c. 1* nm to 1* m b. 4 1** m d. 5 1* nm ____ 12. 2 rise in sea level is predicted to be a si!nificant part of climate chan!e and it is estimated ____________million people in the 6nited 7tates alone will be impacted. a. $** c. 0) b. 12 d. 2 ____ 1". %here is clear evidence in the !eolo!ical record that sea levels have chan!ed dramaticall with time. %he record tells us that 1(8*** ears 91 sea level was ______ meters lower than toda . a. "* c. )* b. 1( d. 1"* ____ 1$. In order for rain to be defined as acidic its p: has to be below the natural e/uilibrium value of ________. a. $.2 c. ".) b. (.) d. +.* ____ 1(. 2 fre/uentl used term in environmental science is residence time ( ). Which of the followin! expressions defines this term best; a. stead state amount<flux c. amount<flux b. chan!e in concentration<amount d. 1<flux ____ 1). :alons and other fire retardants function b interruptin! radical-based chain reactions in the combustion process. 7uch compounds usuall contain halo!ens that serve as the free radical terminators. What is the order of their effectiveness in terminatin! these radical processes.

____ 1+.

____ 1..

____ 10.

____ 2*.

____ 21.

____ 22.

____ 2".

____ 2$.

____ 2(.

____ 2).

____ 2+.

____ 2..

____ 20.

____ "*.

a. =5#l59r5I c. #l59r5I5= b. #l44=49r4I d. I59r5#l5= 2ccordin! to #=# nomenclature the compound #=2#l#=2#l is identified as which of the followin! #=#-s; a. #=#-12 c. #=#-11( b. #=#-11$ d. #=#-110 >iven that the percenta!es of ma?or !ases are@ +..*.A Bitro!en8 2*.0(A Cx !en8 *.0"A 2r!on8 and .*"+.A #arbon dioxide calculate avera!e molar mass of the lower troposphere. a. 1$... !<mol c. $$.*1 !<mol b. 2..0) !<mol d. ").11 !<mol What !eneral area of the 6nited 7tates has the lowest p: rainfall; a. Borthwest c. ,idwest b. 7outhwest d. Bortheast %he avera!e albedo of the earth is *."1. Which one of the followin! re!ions on earth would ou expect to most exceed this avera!e value; a. >ulf of ,exico c. 2ma3on rain forest b. 7ahara Desert d. Eansas %he temperature at which freshwater lakes reach maximum densit and overturn. a. * de!rees # c. $ de!rees # b. -2 de!rees # d. 20. de!rees E 2n index that is used to define the potential for different !reen house !ases to contribute to !lobal warmin!. a. 2W2 c. Fadiative forcin! b. >uo Gffect d. >W1 %he relationshship that is used to calculate the ener! that is associated with different radiation wavelen!ths at a !iven temperature. a. 1lanck-s c. 9olt3man-s b. 9o le-s d. :offman-s %he lar!est source of methane to the atmosphere comes from which of the followin! sources; a. sanitar landfills c. coal minin! b. biomass burnin! d. ruminants %he lar!est potential source of methane in the environment is found in which of the followin! natural resevoirs; a. the 2rctic c. oil fields b. coal mines d. the tropics Which of the followin! a/uatic environment t pes usuall has the hi!hest fulvic acid complexation capacit ; a. lakes c. ponds b. swamps d. rivers %he term which is used to define the abilit (capacit ) of a water bod to neutrali3e acidit . a. p: control c. pG b. alkalinit d. basicit In natural waters at a p: of (-+ the most abundant form of dissolved phosphate is which of the followin!. a. :"1C$ c. :1C$-2 -" b. 1C$ d. :21C$%he commonl accepted filter si3e for removin! bacteria from water is _______ m. a. 1.* c. 1*.* b. *.$( d. *.2 %he name of a commonl used adsoption isotherm in environmental studies. a. specific activit c. Han!muir b. activit d. >uo

Co%!letion (& !oints) Complete each statement. "1. 7how the trends in the followin! li!and donar atoms for complex formation with % pe 9 metal ions. Cr!ani3e them in order of increasin! electrone!ativit (en) and decreasin! overall stabilit constant f. #l8 9r8 =8 C8 I8 78 B8 low en ------------------------------------------------------------------4 hi!h en ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____

hi!h f -------------------------------------------------------------------4 low f Mat"#in' (10 !oints) a. b. c. d. e. ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ "2. "". "$. "(. "). "+. ".. "0. $*. $1. >ou la er phosphate 7tern la er Han!muir colloid f. !. h. i. ?. isoelectric point octanol-water partition coefficient inner-sphere adsorption sulfur l flouride low pG

oppositel char!ed ionic la er at the immediate surface of a colloid p: at which a particle-s char!es balance to 3ero commonl used fumin!ant when adsorbin! species forms a chemical bond with particle surface atoms a commonl applied adsorption isotherm theor a !ood model for determinin! the e/uilibrium distribution of pollutants between water and a second phase a substance that does not settle8 and has a surface re!ion exposed to solvent and an interior re!ion that is not reduction reactions of biocides occur in this kind of natural environment ma?or pollutant (limitin! nutrient) causin! eutrophication and h poxia a la er further from the colloid surface where a sli!ht excess of counter ions are present

$2. (12 !oints) Dependin! on the chemical behavoir of different elements in the ocean the can be put into one of several classes and characteri3ed on the basis of their depth ocean concentration profiles. =or each of the followin! four classes draw a two dimentional depth<concentration profile for each and !ive two examples of elements or ions for each cate!or . (a) nutrients (include Cx !en)

(b) Fec cled elements with residence times of 1* 2 to 1* ( ears

(c) 2ccumulated elements with residence times of 4 1* ) ears

(d) 7caven!ed elements with residence times of 5 1* " ears

$". (10 !oints) 2lthou!h copper is an essential trace metal in biolo!ical s stems it can also be ver toxic to ph toplankton when available in too hi!h a concentration in a non-chelated form. In natural waters fulvic acid is thou!ht to be one of the natural chelatin! a!ents that detoxif free #u 2I ion. 6sin! the followin! information determine the (a) amount of free and (b) chelated #u 2I in a mild acidic lake (p: (.*) containin! 1* m!<H of soluble fulvic acid with an estimated concentration of functional !roups that can complex with #u2I of ( mmol<! of fulvic acid. %he total concentration of #u 2I in the lake water is )* u!<H.

$$. (11 !oints) %he calculated surface temperatures of the Garth and ,ars are 2($ E and 21+ E8 but the actual measred avera!e temperatures are 20* E and 22" E8 resp. 1lease answer the followin! /uestions concernin! these differences@ a) Gxplain wh the temperatures of each planet are elevated above the surroundin! space around them;

b) Wh are the actual temperatures hi!her than the calculated temperatures on the two planets and wh is there such a lar!e apparent discrepanc in the differences between the actual and calculated temperatures for the two planets;

c) If in our future career ou worked for an a!enc such as B272 and were assi!ned the task of developin! a plan to convert ,ars to an earth-like planet for eventual human habitation8 how would ou !o about it;