Car bo n Na no-t ube s: An Ov er view

BY ARUNDUBEY ROLL NO. 0905EC071033 ELEX. & COMM. DPTT. I. T. M., GWALIOR

Pre se nta tion O ve rvie w

Definition History Properties Current Application Manufacturing Techniques Future application References

Defin itio n: Ca rb on Na notu be s

Single-wall carbon nanotubes are a new form of carbon made by rolling up a single graphite sheet to a narrow but long tube closed at both sides by fullerene-like end caps. However, their attraction lies not only in the beauty of their molecular structures: through intentional alteration of their physical and chemical properties fullerenes exhibit an extremely wide range of interesting and potentially useful properties.

SCHEMETIC IEW O! CNT"

INTRODUCTION
Car on Nanotu es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

Imp ortan t H isto ry

!! "iscovery of multi-wall carbon nanotubes by S. #i$ima !!% &onductivity of carbon nanotubes '. (. )intmire, *. #. "unlap and &. +. (hite !!, Structural rigidity of carbon nanotubes -. .verney, (. /hong, and ". +om0nek !!, Synthesis of single-wall nanotubes by S #i$ima and + #chihashi !!1 Nanotubes as field emitters *y 2.-. 3in4ler, '.H. Hafner, 5. 6ikolaev, 7. 7ou, S.-. 8im, ". +om0nek, 5. 6ordlander, ".+. &olbert, and 3.9. Smalley !!: Hydrogen storage in nanotubes 2 & "illon, 8 ) 'ones, + 2 *ekkendahl, & H 8iang, " S *ethune and ) ' Heben !!; Synthesis of nanotube peapods *.(. Smith, ). )onthioux, and ".9. 7u44i %<<< +hermal conductivity of nanotubes Savas *erber, =oung-8yun 8won, and "avid +om0nek %<< #ntegration of carbon nanotubes for logic circuits 5.&. &ollins, ).S. 2rnold, and 5. 2vouris %<< #ntrinsic superconductivity of carbon nanotubes ). 8ociak, 2. =u. 8asumov, S. -u>ron, *. 3eulet, #. #. 8hodos, =u. *. -orbatov, ?. +. ?olkov, 7. ?accarini, and H. *ouchiat

Pro perties
)etallic conductivity @e.g. the salts 2,&A< @2Balkali metalsCC Superconductivity with +cDs of up to ,,8 @e.g. the salts 2,&A< @2Balkali metalsCC Eerromagnetism @in @+"29C&A< - without the presence of d-electronsC 6on-linear optical activity 5olymeri4ation to form a variety of -, %-, and ," polymer structures

Pro perties (2 )
Nanotubes can be either electrically conductive or semiconductive, depending on their helicity. +hese one-dimensional fibers exhibit electrical conductivity as high as copper, thermal conductivity as high as diamond, Strength << times greater than steel at one sixth the weight, and high strain to failure. &urrent length limits are about one millimeter.

HOW IT WOR;S<
Vander Waals forces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

Curre nt A pp i!a tio ns

&arbon 6ano-tubes are extending our ability to fabricate devices such as: )olecular probes 5ipes (ires *earings Springs -ears 5umps

"a nufa !tu rin# $e !%ni&u es

9vaporation of solid carbon in arc discharge, 7aser ablation, &atalytic chemical vapor deposition of carbon containing gases, &atalytic decomposition of fullerenes .

'utu re A pp i! atio ns
)olecular transistors. Eield emitters. *uilding blocks for bottom-up electronics. Smaller, lighter weight components for next generation spacecraft. 9nable large Fuantities of hydrogen to be stored in small low pressure tanks. Space elevator, #nstead of blasting off for the heavens astronauts could reach the #SS as easily as they would a department store: G6ext floor, 79., watch your step pleaseHI

Na notu be ' un(

=ou can see animations of virtual nanotubes by following these links: http:JJwww.photon.t.utokyo.ac.$pJKmaruyamaJnanotube.html +hen select G2nimation -alleryI 2lso http:JJwww.pa.msu.eduJcmpJcscJsimindex.html =ou can create your own virtual S(6+ at: http:JJ$crystal.comJsteffenweberJ'2?2J$nanoJ$nano.html

)efe re n! es
http:JJwww.pa.msu.eduJcmpJcscJnanotube.html Localized and Delocalized Electronic States in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes +. 5ichler, ). 8nupfer, ). S. -olden, '. Eink, 2. 3in4ler and 3. 9. Smalley 5hys. 3ev. 7ett. 80, L:%! @ !!;C http:JJwww.sciencenet.org.ukJslupJ&utting9dgeJ)ay<<Jnanotubes.html "r. Sander +ans and 5rof. "r. &ees "ekker of the section Muantum +ransport at +N "elft, http:JJwww.photon.t.u-tokyo.ac.$pJKmaruyamaJnanotube.html http:JJ$crystal.comJsteffenweberJ'2?2J$nanoJ$nano.html http:JJwww.pa.msu.eduJcmpJcscJnasaJ http:JJwww.pa.msu.eduJcmpJcscJsimindex.html http:JJmmptdpublic.$sc.nasa.govJ$scnanoJ