BTS & BSC

8 BTS & BSC Architecture of the GSM Network The GSM technical specifications define the different entities that form the GSM network by defining their functions and interface requirements. The GSM network can be di ided into four main parts!
G +MC B
BSS

3-. 4 C ,-. 5

+ther MSCs 3-.s

"
BSC MSC 1 +ther MSCs +ther 0etworks

MS /n

BTS

"/C

"bis

12.

Fig : 1

"rchitecture of the GSM network

Mobile Station " Mobile Station consists of two main elements! The Mobile Terminal There are different types of terminals distinguished principally by their power and application! The #fi$ed% terminals are the ones installed in cars. Their ma$imum allowed output power is &' (. The GSM portable terminals can also be installed in ehicles. Their ma$imum allowed output power is )(. The handheld terminals ha e e$perienced the biggest success thanks to the weight and olume* which are continuously decreasing. These terminals can emit up to & (. The e olution of technologies allows decreasing the ma$imum allowed power to '.) (.

BTS & BSC

The SIM The S2M is a smart card that identifies the terminal. By inserting the S2M card into the terminal* the user can ha e access to all the subscribed ser ices. (ithout the S2M card* the terminal is not operational. The S2M card is protected by a four6digit 7ersonal 2dentification 0umber 87209. 2n order to identify the subscriber to the system* the S2M card contains some parameters of the user such as its 2nternational Mobile Subscriber 2dentity 82MS29. "nother ad antage of the S2M card is the mobility of the users & the user can ha e access to its subscribed ser ices in any terminal using its S2M card. The Base Station Subsystem The BSS connects the Mobile Station and the 0SS. 2t is in charge of the transmission and reception. The BSS can be di ided into two parts! The Base Transceiver Station The BTS corresponds to the transcei ers and antennas used in each cell of the network. " BTS is usually placed in the center of a cell. 2ts transmitting power defines the si:e of a cell. 1ach BTS has between one and si$teen transcei ers depending on the density of users in the cell.

Functions of BSC
;. 2t controls a group of BTS and manages their radio resources. &. 2t perform all process of hando ers. <. 2t also control of the radio frequency power le els of the BTSs.

Base Station System (BSS

BSS comprises of BTS 8Base Transcei er Station9 and BSC 8Base Station Controller9.

Characteristics of the Base Station System (BSS are !

The BSS is responsible for communicating with mobile stations in cell areas +ne BSC controls one or more BTSs and can perform inter6BTS and intra6 BTS hando ers

BTS & BSC

The BTS ser es one or more cells in the cellular network and contains one or more T.=s 8Transcei ers or radio units9. The T.= ser es full duple$ communications to the MS. The T."/ adapts the transmission bit rate of the "6interface 8>?kbit@s9 to the "bis6interface 8;> kbit@s9.

Fig : 2

BSS Configuration

The "bis interface uses multiple$ing or rate adaptation 8."9 on its links.The first option means that four ;> kbit@s links are multiple$ed into one >? kbit@s channel. The latter option means that no multiple$ing of the ;> kbit@s channels takes place.

Mobile Station (MS

The Mobile Station 8MS9 represents the terminal equipment used by the wireless subscriber supported by the GSM (ireless system The MS consists of two entities! ;. Subscriber 2dentity Module 8S2M9 &. Mobile equipment The S2M may be a remo able module. " subscriber with an appropriate S2M can access the system using arious mobile equipments. The equipment identity is not linked to a particular subscriber. 3alidity checks made on the MS equipment are performed independently of the authentication checks made on the MS subscriber information.

BTS & BSC

Functions of a SIM
The functions of the Subscriber 2dentity Module 8S2M9 are! "uthentication of the network /ser authentication Storage of subscriber6related information* e.g.*subscriber identification* cell location identity. alidity of the MS when accessing the

"ual SIM to one MSIS"N

2t allows subscribers to ha e & S2Ms or MSs for one MS2S40. This means that two handsets are associated with the same MS2S40. This means that two handsets are associated with the same MS2S40* and ha e three same subscriber data. Both handsets can simultaneously originate calls* howe er only one of the two S2Ms can be acti e at one time for call terminations. The users of the two S2Ms are pro ided with the same ser ices from the network operator. These ser ices are charged on the same bill although the billing records at the ,-. will record the actual S2M in ol ed. 2t should be noted that when one S2M user is changing has 3-. both S2M subscriber records will be updated in the ,-..

Functions of a Mobile Station

The Mobile Station 8MS9 performs the following function! .adio transmission termination .adio channel management Speech encoding@decoding .adio link error protection 5low control of data .ate adaptation of user data to the radio link Mobility management

BTS & BSC

7erformance measurements of radio link

#$eration an% Maintenance Center (#MC

The +perations and Maintenance Center 8+MC9 is the centrali:ed maintenance and diagnostic heart of the Base Station System 8BSS9. 2t allows the network pro ider to operate* administer* and monitor the functioning of the BSS.

#ther Network &lements

+ther optional network elements that the MSC can interface include!

Billin' Center!
1ach MSC writes call accounting records to local disk memory. The Billing Center periodically polls the disk records of each MSC to collect the billing data for the 7-M0.

Service Center!
The Ser ice Center interfaces with the MSCs to pro ide special ser ices* such as the Short Message Ser ice 8SMS9* to mobile subscribers in the

()MN.
The Billing Center and Ser ice Center are not a basic part of the GSM system. #$en interfaces Standard open interfaces between entities are used in GSM. These are labeled! "* "bis* B* C* 4* 1* 5* G* and /m 8or air interface9.

BTS & BSC

8.1

MAPPING MODEL TO NETWORK

Fig : "

Examp ! of a GSM network is shown. 8.2 C#$% &'i#$

The aim of this paper was to gi e an o er iew of the GSM system and not to pro ide a complete and e$hausti e guide. "s it is shown in this chapter* GSM is a ery comple$ standard. 2t can be considered as the first serious attempt to fulfill the requirements for a uni ersal personal communication system. GSM is then used as a basis for the de elopment of the /ni ersal Mobile Telecommunication System 8/MTS9.