Kevin Ward ENVS 421 Lab #6 The area of study is the Upper Cedar River Watershed in Washington State.

Well be creating a model to visualize stream flow direction, flow accumulation, networks, segments, and orders. The model will also create data to visualize sub-watersheds, pour points, basins, and catchments. Here is the model split into two halves.

Part 1:

To begin you will need the DEM of the area and the Subwatersheds data from the NHD data set. 1. Use the Select tool located at Analysis Tools/Extract/Select in your toolbox. Your Input parameters are Subwatersheds. The expression you will use is Name = 'Headwaters Cedar River'. Name your Output Cedar River Headwaters.

2. Use the Project tool located at Data management\Projections and Transformations\Feature\Project in your toolbox. Your Input parameters are Cedar River Headwaters. Your output CRS is NAD_1927_UTM_Zone_10N. Name your Output something that makes sense to you.

3. Use the Clip tool found at Analysis Tools/Extract/Clip in your toolbox. Your Input Raster is DEM. The Output Extent is the reprojected Cedar River Headwaters. Make sure you have the box labeled Use input features for clipping geometry checked. Name your output DEMclip.

(Optional) Everything should be in the same projection at this point. However, if you would like to change your projection to something different now would be a good time to do so. The size of the DEM before it was clipped made it impractical to reproject.

Part 2:

(Ignore the Project Raster and ClipDEM if you elected not to reproject your DEM.) 1. Use the Fill tool found at Spatial Analyst\Hydrology\Fill in your toolbox. (This step is necessary to prepare the DEM for further analysis. It fills up any cells in our DEM that are surrounded by higher elevation. This would inhibit our stream flow analysis.) Use your clipped DEM as the Input Surface Raster. Name your output HCRfill. Do not input a Z limit.

2. Use the Hillshade tool located at Spatial Analyst\Surface\Hillshade in your toolbox. Use your clipped DEM as the Input Raster. Name your output DEMhillshade. Leave the rest of the parameters as the default.

3. Next open up the Flow Direction tool located at Spatial Analyst\Hydrology\Flow Direction in your toolbox. Use HCRfill as your Input Surface Raster. Name your output HCRflow. Leave all other parameters blank.

On the following page there is a map with an example of what your output should look like.

Figure 1 The colorful area is the Upper Cedar River Watershed with stream flow direction visualized. Each color represents a direction which has also been assigned a number value. The box at the bottom serves as the legend for the stream direction.

Part 3:

1. Begin by opening the Flow Accumulation tool located at Spatial Analyst\Hydrology\Flow Accumulation in your toolbox. Use HCRflow as your Input Flow Direction Raster. Name your output HCRacc. Leave the Input Weight Raster parameter blank. Make sure Output Data Type is set to Integer.

On the following page there is a map with an example of what your output should look like.

Figure 2 The white and gray line features you see on the map above symbolize the points of accumulation you just calculated with your flow accumulation tool. This gives us a rough estimate of where the streams should be within our watershed.

2. Next open up the Raster Calculator Tool located at Spatial Analyst\Map Algebra\Raster Calculator in your toolbox. Use the following expression, SetNull("%HCRacc%"<1000,1) without the outside set of quotations. Name your output STREAM. (Notice the number 1000 in the expression. That is our threshold in square meters for the amount of area necessary to generate a stream. This will create a network of streams more accurate than we had previously.) An example map is shown below.

Figure 3 The red line features are the network of streams we calculated with a threshold of 1000 square meters. You could play around with the threshold and get a different result. Try comparing our network to high resolution imagery of the area to see how accurate we were.

Part 4: A)

1. Open the Stream Link tool located at Spatial Analyst\Hydrography\Stream Link in your toolbox. Use STREAM as your Input Stream Raster. Use HCRflow as your Input Flow Direction Raster. Name your output HCR_link.

On the following page there is a map with an example of what your output should look like.

Figure 4 You should get upwards of 200 different stream segments. This makes it difficult to symbolize. Try symbolizing it Classified with 10 classes and a randomized color ramp. You should be able to pick out some individual stream segments in the above map.

B)

1. Open the Stream Order tool located at Spatial Analyst\Hydrology\Stream order in your toolbox. Set STREAM as you Input Stream Raster. Set HCRflow as your Input Flow Direction Raster. Name your Output Raster HCR_order Set the Method of Stream Ordering to STRAHLER.

On the following page there is a map with an example of what your output should look like.

Figure 5 We used STRAHLER stream ordering which means stream order only increases when two streams of the same order intersect. The highest order stream we have in our network is 5.

C).

1. Open the Flow Length tool located at Spatial Analyst\Hydrology\Flow Length in your toolbox. Set HCRflow as your Input Flow Direction Raster. Save your output as HCR_len Set the Direction of Measurement to Downstream Leave the final parameter blank.

On the following page there is a map with an example of what your output should look like.

Figure 6 We just measured the downslope distance along the flow path from each cell to a sink or outlet on the edge of the raster. The lighter the color of the cell means the further the flow had to travel to a sink or an outlet downstream.

Part 5: A)

1. Open the Basin tool located at Spatial Analyst\Hydrology\Basin in your toolbox Use HCRflow as your Input Flow Direction Raster. Name your output HCR_basin.

B)

1. Open the Stream to Feature tool located at Spatial Analyst\Hydrology\Stream to Feature in your toolbox. Use STREAM as your Input Stream Raster. Use HCRflow as your Input Flow Direction Raster. Name your output HCR_streams. Check the box that says Simplify Polylines

C)

1. Open the Raster to Polygon tool located at Conversion Tools\From Raster\Raster to Polygon in your toolbox. Use HCR_basin as your Input Raster. Set Field to Value. Name your output HCR_boundary. Make sure you have the Simplify Polygons box checked.

An example of the map you could create with your outputs from Part 5 is on the following page.

Figure 7 The solid black outline is the vector boundary you created with Step C. The streams are in vector form now as a result of Step B. The main basin is symbolized as a light red color and was created as part of Step A.

Part 6:

1. We need to create a new feature class called Outlet. - In the ArcCatalog window, right click on your geodatabase and select New > Feature Class. - Create a new Points feature class named Outlet. - Start an editing session. - Create new features within the Outlet dataset. - Zoom in and carefully place a point just below the confluence or fork of any two streams of order 3, 4, or 5. - Save your edits and stop editing.

2. Add the Outlet Data to your model.

3. Open the Snap Pour Point tool located at Spatial Analyst\Hydrology\Snap Pour Point in your tool box. Use Outlet as your Feature Pour Point Data. Make sure the Pour Point Field is OBJECTID. Set HCRacc as the Input Accumulation Raster. Name your output snap_pt. Leave the final parameter set to default.

4. Open the Watershed tool located at Spatial Analyst\Hydrology\Watershed in your toolbox. Use HCRflow as your Input Flow Direction Raster. Use snap_pt as your Feature Pour Point Data. Set your Pour Point Field to Value.

Name your output Watershed.

An example map for Part 6 is shown below.

Figure 8 Each sub-watershed has been assigned a color and a value. I symbolized it as Classified with 6 classes. The main stream junctions created by Step 3 are shown as dark red points.

Part 7:

1. Open the Watershed tool again. Use HCRflow as the Input Flow Direction Raster again. This time use HCR_link as the Feature Pour Point Data. Set the Pour Point Field to Value. Name your output Catchments.

The final map example is on the following page.

Figure 9 This time when we used HCR_link as the Feature Pour Point Data it delineated catchments for each individual stream segment. If you remember from earlier in the model we had more than 200 stream segments. That means we have more than 200 catchments as well.