Chapter12: Industry and Services 1.

England not only held a monopoly over products that were in world demand at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, but also a monopoly on The skills necessary to make the machines that manufactured the products 2. In Britain, the proximity of what three things gave an unsurpassed advantage to the development of early industry? coal fields, iron ores, and coastal ports 3. Industry diffusing to Western Europe involved, as in Britain, the locational criteria: coalfields, water communication, and ____________. Ports 4. The Ruhr industrial area is connected to its port by Rhine River 5. Some industrial regions emerge because of their raw materials combinations. Which of the following is not an example of such a region? 6. The relocation of industry to cities like Paris and London was facilitated by 7. Nike, headquartered in Oregon, employs 20,000 people in that state. What percentage are employed in shoe manufacture/assembly? 0% 8. In 1925, one area of Boston had sales offices for over _____ shoe factories. 9. In the early eighteenth century, British textiles were manufactured in homes on hand looms 10. Who actually laid the groundwork for the colonial expansion of Europe? Europe's commercial companies 11. The first power source of the Industrial Revolution was foot pedals and running water 12. Burning coal in a near vacuum produced a much hotter burning, pure carbon fuel called 13. The first railroad in England was opened in 14. Which of the four classifications of industry must locate where the resources are found? Primary 15. The increase in time and cost with distance is referred to as Post Fordist 16. When Alfred Weber published his book Theory of the Location of Industries (1909), what did he select as the critical determinant of regional industrial location? Transportation Costs 17. If a substantial number of enterprises all develop in, or move to, the same area the factor is called agglomeration 18. Hotellings location analysis emphasized the role of locational interdependence 19. Industrialization occurred along an axis from Northern France through North-Central Germany to Czech Republic and South Poland. This axis correlates with________ as a locational factor. 20. Europes greatest industrial complex is Germany 21. In which major world manufacturing country does industry not lie near sources of raw material?

22. Japan became the worlds second largest economy with of the population of the United States and _____ of the land area. 23. Japans dominant industrial region is Kanto Plain 24. The Kansai district is found along _____________, Japans major waterway. 25. Mass production of standardized goods using assembly line techniques is referred to as: fordist 26. Fast, flexible production of small lots with outsourcing around the world is referred to as: 27. Saxony (Leipzig and Dresden) emphasize this type of manufacturing: 28. Manufacturing in North America began in _____ as early as late colonial times. New England 29. Raw materials play an important role in industrial location. In the northeastern United States, what is the orientation of this industry? 30. New York City, like other large urban centers with great ports, is called a break of bulk location because 31. Although no match for Canadas Ontario industrial district, the one great advantage of the Montreal area is 32. Canadas industrial southern Ontario links two parts of the U.S. Manufacturing Belt: Buffalo and 33. This area is one of Russias oldest manufacturing centers. 34. After World War I, this region produced about 90 percent of the coal needed to help the then Soviet Union industrialize. 35. Russias Detroit southeast of Moscow: 36. The type of manufacturing that is more likely to be located in peripheral countries is 37. By 1990, the only American company that was making color television sets was 38. Television research and design takes place in the core area 39. During the 1970s, U.S. television manufacturers began to move productions offshore to places such as special zones on the Mexican border called 40. At the beginning of World War I, the United States was far behind Europe in developing an industrial base. 41. New Yorks port is small, used for passengers and does not serve as break-of-bulk location. 42. St. Petersburg is one of Russias oldest manufacturing centers. T 43. The northeast industrial region of China (Shenyang) is today growing faster than other industrial regions in China.

44. Japan has developed its industrial economy due to its abundant supplies of coal and iron ore. 45. The Seto Inland Sea is an important route-way and focal point of Japans industry. 46. Global division of labor is a feature of post-Fordist stage of industrialization. 47. Over 300 regional trade organizations are in existence today. 48. Most of Chinas recent industrial growth feeds the growing domestic market. 49. The shift from coal to oil explains the recent industrialization of the Middle East. 50. China is a major recipient of industrial work outsourced from other countries. 51. Technopoles locate near major universities and centers of research and development. 52. Current amounts of goods and resources moving in the global system would be impossible without the invention of 53. Over 50% of the goods entering Europe come through two ports in Netherlands 54. Which country is almost completely dependent upon imported oil/natural gas? 55. U.S. oil reserves are estimated to be ____% of the worlds total. 56. Between 1940 and the early 1960s, Chinas industrial growth was aided by 57. Chinas Pittsburgh is Shenyang 58. The second largest industrial district in China developed around _______, Chinas largest city. Shanghi 59. Service industries are commonly referred to as _____ industries. 60. People working in the ___________ sector of economic activity tend to have high levels of specialized knowledge or technical skills. 61. The most important locational factor for the service sector is 62. Technopoles, a collection of high-technology industries, can be found in a number of countries. Which of the following is not a region containing one of these countries? Africa 63. High-technology corridors have sprung up in the global economic core. The resulting collection of high-tech industries has been called a tehcnopole with the best known being Californias Silicon Valley. A similar concentration has appeared around the city of ______________ in the eastern United States. 64. Technopoles tend to locate near 65. Industry actually developed long before the Industrial Revolution. 66. Webers industrial location theory considered labor to be the most important cost.

67. Since 1960, the Ruhr has entered a stage of rapid deindustrialization.