Thermodynamics Homework 7 Solutions

1. An adiabatic piston-cylinder device supports two bricks. It contains saturated liquid water at 200C. One brick is removed. How many times bigger is the new volume? What is the new temperature? Atmospheric pressure is negligible. Draw the state transition on P-V and T-V diagrams (use the make them). button in EES to

The problem is that you dont know or ., and it is very difficult to use the water tables for this type of problem. EES will iterate on the two equations and solve for the volume ratio and .

105

400

300
10
4

P [kPa]

T [C]

200

1555 kPa

1
200C

777.5 kPa

10

3
169.2C

100

102 10-3

0.05 0.5 0.2 0.1

10-2

10-1

100

0 10-3

10-2

10-1

100

v [m3/kg]

v [m /kg]

2. Steam enters a nozzle with a speed of 80 m/s, a temperature of 498C and an absolute pressure of 4.1 MPa. The steam leaves the nozzle at 2150 kPa and 295C. The inlet diameter of the nozzle is 8.5 cm. Heat is lost from the nozzle at a rate of 7.25 kW. Determine (1) the mass flow rate of the steam, (2) the exit speed of the steam, and (3) the exit area of the nozzle.

3. A diagram for a steam power plant is shown. The following data are known for each location.
5
Turbine

Steam Generator
6

3 Condenser Economizer 7 2 1 Pump

Cooling Water

Location 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

( ) 9.8 9.7 9.4 9.1 9.0 0.01 0.009

( )

250 725 715 0.97 40 150

The flow rate of steam around the loop is 47 kg/s. The shaft work entering the pump is 350 kW. The diameter of the pipe from the steam generator to the turbine is 375 mm and the diameter of the pipes between the condenser to the steam generator is 95 mm. The pipe diameter between the turbine and condenser is unknown. The temperature of the cooling water increases from 15C to 25C in the condenser. Determine (1) the power output of the turbine, the heat transfer rates in the (2) condenser, (3) economizer, and (4) steam generator, and (5) the flow rate of cooling water through the condenser. (6) make a graph of the cycle on a P-V diagram (use the button on EES to make a quantitative one). (7) Graph the mass flow rate of cooling water as a function of the cooling water output temperature, ranging from 16C to 50C.

energy balance around the turbine:

energy balance around the condenser:

energy balance around the economizer:

energy balance around the steam generator:

cooling water flow:

10

10

2 1 3
250C

725C

4 5

10

P [kPa]

10

10

40C 0.05 0.1 0.2

6
0.5

10 10-4

10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

102

v [m3/kg]
Note that the area inside this cycle is the net amount of work the power plant generates per kilogram of steam flowing through it (kW/kg).

25000

20000

mCW [kg/s]

15000

10000

5000

0 20 30 40 50

TCW,O [C]