Actual Cost of Work Performed (ACWP) - total costs actually incurred and recorded in accomplishing work performed during

time period for a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component. Can be direct labour hours alone, direct costs alone, all costs including indirect costs. Alternate Award Systems - RFP: design concepts reviewed, construction team evaluated, price assessed, best DB option enters negotiation to fix price As built drawings: the structure as it was actually done. these are used for maintenance and asset management Airside: where loads are moved to or from the aircraft A ron: where aircraft are parked, unloaded or loaded, refueled or boarded !AC " !udget at Com letion !ackward Press: LF of ending activity !F of ending activity, "L# LF $ Duration%, LF of previous activities minimum of L# of successors !ank #olume - soil to be excavated as found in its natural state !ar C$art (%antt C$art) - time "&%, activities "'%, showed what activities to be underway "no logic of activities%, easy to read, however not detailed and no critical path !argaining Rig$ts - obtained by a union on behalf of employees of an employer by voluntary recognition and certification !aseline: first concession, it runs parallel to shorelin !id !ond - secures owner "obligee% variance between second and first lowest bidder if principle declines !id Cutting: (C wins contract then forces subs to lower their price !id Peddling (by sub): #ub asks (C to divulge another sub)s price so s*he can submit price without cost of estimating !id Re ository: run by local Construction +ssociation, provides central location for bid submission, protection to parties disputes arise !id S$o ing (by %C), -ses insider information to force bidders "usually subs% to submit lower prices !ill &' - Pro(ect Agreements - allows owners to carve out agreement from collective agreements for individual pro.ects, owner must show support of /01 of unions to enter into negotiations !ill )* 2 collective agreements placed severe restrictions on employers) ability to select specific union members when hiring and to move workers to pro.ects under another local)s .urisdiction. (ives employers right to select up to 341 of workers and transfer up to /01 of them from one local area to another !ill '&* - 50 day de2certification period at end of agreement changed to 60 days, unions re7)d to publish salaries and taxable benefits of employees making 89:00,000, allows 7uick .urisdictional disputes across ;C; and residential*heavy civil* road sector !ird+s ,ncidents -riangle: ratio of : ma.or inhury< /0minor in.ury, =0 property damage< 500 near misses !ottoming out: hitting the floor even if you)re tied off because the rope is too long !udgeted Cost of Work Sc$eduled (!CWS) - budgets of activities planned or scheduled to be completed, baseline of pro.ect !udgeted Cost of Work Performed (!CWP) - budgeted cost of work actually been performed in carrying out a scheduled task during a specific time period, determines whether pro.ect will finish over or under budget, -#! 40*40 rule >? 0*:00 rule >? standard dollar expenditures Canada .ortgage / 0ousing Cor 1 (C.0C) - advice for renovation, choosing a contractor, and mortgage financing Canadian 2abour 3nion - First attempt at national central organi@ation to represent labour, shorter hours, public edu., arbitration rather than strikes Certificate of Substantial Performance - improvement to be made under that contract or a substantial part thereof is ready for use or is being used for the purposes intended and when improvement made under that contract is capable of completion, or where defect is known, correction at a cost of no more than A1 of first 9400 000 of contract price, B1 of next 9400 000, :1 of balance Consent of Surety - guarantee to subs or suppliers that they)ll be paid for work Construction 2ien Act - entitles anyone who supplies services or materials to and improvement for an owner, contractor, or sub to register a lien Contract A2 ;n Canadian contract law, Contract + is a concept that has recently been applied by courts regarding the fair and e7ual treatment of bidders in a contract tendering process Contract ! 2 + Contract B is formed when an >wner formally accepts a Bid or, collo7uially, a submission of price. >nly a single Contract B is formed between the >wner and the successful bidder Contract Com letion - not same as substantial performance. >ccurs when price of completion is less than lesser of :1 of contract or :00009 Cor orate 45er$ead - cost of president, C!>, administrators, etc that has company has. ;t must be paid regardless of tender results so cost is reflected in tender. Che more tenders won, the more spread out costs are. Critical Pat$ - comprehensive planning tool, with critical path with logic of activities , confusing, ignores activities not on CD, always optimistic Cost Slo e: ECost* ECime Cost #ariance - Fve, pro.ect ahead of schedule or under budget, might enable to reallocate money and resources from tasks or pro.ects with positive variances to negative variances. 2ve, indicates pro.ect is behind schedule or over budget, action needed. C# " !CWP - ACWP Cost Performance ,nde6 (CP,) - ratio of budgeted costs to actual costs, CP,"!CWP7ACWP8 9 ' o5er budget8 : ' under budget Critical Pat$, Longest path"s% in the network. Delay of any activities on the critical path will delay the pro.ect finish time "FF CF 0% Collecti5e Agreement: an agreement between the employers and the employees "union% which outlines remuneration, work conditions, responsibilities and restrictions Conduit: large pipe that protects electrical lines Con5entional Crawler Crane: + crawler is a crane mounted on an undercarriage with a set of tracks "also called crawlers% that provide stability and mobility. Crawler cranes range in lifting capacity from about /0 to =,400 short tons "=4.3 to =,:B4.0 long tons< =5.= to =,:34.: t%. Collusion: companies get together and plan bid prices ";LL!(+L% Common ;irection7Control - :630 amendment gave the Labour Board broad discretion in determining whether or not a business should be bound by the collective agreement with respect to relationships between the control of various businesses Correction line: line where lot lines*roads going perp are discontinuous. Ghere B townships meet. Certification - -nion files an +pplication for Certificate with the >ntario Labour ?elations Board. 8/01 of individuals in the unit claimed by the unions must be members of the union "pre2signed%. Board orders secret ballot vote to be taken by all workers in unit "see terms about absentees%. 8401 Hyes) vote, company is certified Cofferdam: soil based dam Caisson: large concrete pile. Ioles drilled with auger,; beams inserted, filled with concrete, holes overlap228 caisson wall Commissioning - pro.ect almost done, and the constructed pro.ect gets tested, done at start at end, JtestingK Concession - rows of lots, numbered se7uentially starting L water shoreline Construction .anagement:CM reps the owner, paid B1 of construction, budget, CM coordinates design F construction, time is saved, best suited to large pro.ects that generate revenue 7uickly, contracts tendered as design proceeds and contracts held by owner. (ood b*c 7uick abd helsp reduce costs and improve constructibility. Bad b*c tends to be more expensive, greater errors can occur b*c construction is pushing design, owner hold potentially hundreds on contracts, don)t know final costs until last contract tendered C<CC4: Construction !mployers Coordinating Council of >ntario C2AC 2 Christian Labour +ssociation of Canada CSA4 - Canadian #afety +ssociation >ntario CCA - Canadian Construction +ssociation C.0C 2Canada Mortgage and Iousing Corporation C4CA - Council of >ntario Construction +ssociations Concrete -ie: thin steel stick or rod that hold formwork together Consent of Surety: guarantee to owner that if the bidder is awarded a contract then the company will issue the re7uired pro.ect N bid bonds Climbing tower cranes: cranes that lift themselves up with hydraulic .ets

Cost Plus: +C F >F Drofit margin, used in emergencies, company called with best relationship, services of CM paid like this, owner and contractor must agree in advance to payment amounts and schedule Consultant: + consultant is usually an expert or a professional in a specific field and has a wide knowledge of the sub.ect matter Construction P$ase: being implementing "constructing% the design, installation of systems Cease and ;esist: used during strikes against those who counsel, threaten, or carry out a strike ;etailed Sc$edule 2 contractors schedule, allows owner to analy@e or .ustify any claim made by contractor ;oyle+s Wa5e: O ;ilbert+s Salary -$eorem - engineers and scientists can never earn as much as business and sales people ;ouble !reasting - government attempted to get unions to agree voluntarily to allow a contractor to have union and non2union arm ;esign P$ase: the concept and initial sketches are approved, method of procurement figured out, and an engineer approves calculations ;esign-!id-!uild:

fixed price or unit cost, lowest bid award, adversarial relationships, long timeline2 se7uential activities good for contractors as they know exactly what they are getting into, but they have no influence on design, owner knows exactly what they are getting and for how much, contractors must bid on design even if they have ideas for improvement, and it takes the most time

;esign !uild ;ecommissioning $ase- demolition and recycling the construction ;esign drawings: main specifications used for bidding and construction. ?ep) the structure in its totality on paper ;iscrete Sc$edule C$anges: some activities have a limited number of ways to achieve completion. Cheir utility curves are discontinuous, isolated points "e.g more days less money, less days more money% ;oor sc$edule: table listing different doors used in the pro.ect, details about si@e, materials locks windows etc <AC " estimate at com letion8 " actual = estimate to com lete8 "ACWP7!CWP>!AC8 "!AC7CP, <arly Finis$ (<F): Che earliest that an activity can possibly finish " !F !# F Duration< !# of following activities maximum !F of predecessors% <arly Start (<S): Che earliest that an activity can start <arned #alue - approach where you monitor the pro.ect plan, actual work and work2 completed value to see if a pro.ect is on track. ;ndicates how much of the budget and time should have been spent compared to the amount of work completed to date. <stimators - determine approx pro.ect price. (ood estimators can mentally map pro.ect ma.or phases, predict problems, understand .ob conditions*productivity issues Finis$ to Start (FS): means that an activity starts after completion of its predecessor"s% First or !asic 0oldback - for work or services performed before it is certified that contract is substantially performed Free Float (FF): +mount of time by which start or finish of an activity may be delayed without delaying early start of succeeding activities "FF min !# of following activities $ !F $ Lag, CFPFF, CD where FF CF 0% Fleet Sale, sale of an entire fleet of machines Formwork: wood*etc. casing filled with concrete to give it shape Falsework: support for formwork Friction !earing Structure: type of foundation that is built deep into the ground to give its piles more surface area underground and have enough friction to hold the structure Free?one: the @one into which a tieback must be anchored to avoid soil sliding into site Fi6ed rice(lum ) ayment: is bid for pro.ect awarded on that basis, any erros or changes that result in changes are generally extras Fly form: formwork that extends out of building, it is used to used to form the concrete floors Fast track: reducing overall timeline of work by overlapping construction and design "through CM, Design2build, D=%. ;t incurs in :01 of cost because of re work F4! - location at which cost of materials apply. >n site 2 delivery price included in 7uote, Factory 2 pick up materials %ranular A - mix of sand and crushed stone. Darticles are no larger than : inch. F;nishing material for driveways, roads, etc %ranular ! - mix of sand and round stone. Darticles up to / in. #ub2base material for foundations on raods, lots and driveways. %ross on site: 7uantity of material including wastage 0awt$orne <ffect - worker productivity arising from psychological stimulus of being singled out 0ea5y Ci5il Sector ('@A)- e7uipment dependent on construction that re7uires high investment capital like tunnels, roads, bridges, and dams 0ydraulic truck crane: solid telescoping boom. ;t has wheels, and therefore, outriggers 0onorarium: owner pays a 1 of the construction cost to each bidder that didn)t win* Chis is b*c ?FD)s are expensive, I encourages participation 0oldback - percentage amount that is deducted from a contractor)s invoice. +mount paid to contractor after specified time. ,C, Sectors (&BA) - builds institutional "schools, hospitals, etc%, commercial "offices, shops, etc% and industrial buildings, "airports, warehouses, etc%. ;nvolves large contracts with many subs and labour ,nfield: a temporary passenger hold room used during construction of the new terminal ,m lied ;uty of Fairness: implying an obligation to treat all bidders fairly and e7ually is consistent with the goal of protecting and promoting the integrity of the bidding process Curisdictional ;is ute: when work gets stopped since diff. trades arenQt doing the same work 2abour Relations Act , JConstruction ;ndustryK means the businesses that are engaged in constructing, decorating, repairing or demolishing buildings, structures, roads, sewers, water or gas mains, pipelines, tunnels, bridges, canals or other works at the site 2abour Relations Act of 4ntario '*DE - ?ecommended employer organi@ation have the right to make application to become sole reps of employers who commonly bargain with the same union 2ate Start (2S): Che latest that an activity can start and not impact pro.ect completion "L# LF $ Duration% 2ate Finis$ (2F): Che latest that an activity can be completed without impacting the pro.ect completion 2attice Cranes: boom is a truss and it has trucks 2ag: means the time difference between two events 2agging: form of shoring in which timber is placed between ; beams driven into excavation*caisson walls 2andside: where the exporters and importers through either their agents or by themselves deliver or collect shipments 2ien - legal claim on another)s property as security against the payment of a debt 2oad !earing structure: type of bldg foundation in which the support piles have a base in a bell shape and sits on solid rock 2iFuidated ;amages: money paid for late pro.ects that don)t fulfill the contract 2oose #olume - volume of soil when it)s dug up and loaded into truck .aintenance- construction is upkept, maintain design for eventual decomission .anitowoc Ringer Crane - rotating ring on ground with boom and counterweight on it. F>r heavy loads in compact spaces

.anlifts: elevates workers. !x scissor lifts or boom trucks .asterFormat - master list of titles and numbers for organi@ing data reconstruction re7)s, products and activities. Rumber*Division system, standard for organi@ing specifications. .aterial Safety ;ata S$eets (.S;S): that provide the worker with all the necessary information in order for them to handle any substance safely "updated every = years% .obile crane: crane on a truck .asters Sc$edule (ownerGs sc$edule) 2 ;ncludes all activities, such as design, permits, !+, long lead items 4ntario 2abour Relations !oard: also referred to as the Labour Board, >L?B .yt$ H ' - you can sign a collective agreement with a union for one pro.ect only .yt$ H I - bargaining rights are until death do us part .yt$ H&- we can start another company that is nonunion .yt$ HD 2 superintendent has no authoiurty to sigh agreement, therefore it is void .yt$ H@- the (C is union therefore everyone on the .ob isunion .yt$ H)- merit and open shop are the same .yt$ HJ- they)re picketing my pro.ect2 they can)t do that .yt$ HE- unions don)t train anyone, and no young people want to .oin the industry .yt$ H*- Construction Labour negotiations are amongst the most adversarial of any industry Ket in lace, 7uantity of material needed for a pro.ect 42R! - = person panels, Sice2Chair 2 usually a lawyer, -nion background, !mployer background, Decisions are final and binding on all parties, not sub.ect to appeal, only reconsideration by Board if obvious error, Siolation becomes an offence sub.ect to imprisonment 4C3C 2 >ntario Construction -sers Council !C-C4- Building N Construction Crades Council of >ntario CC;C - Canadian Construction Documents Committee WS,! 2 Gorkplace #afety N ;nsurance Board 4utriggers: supports that extend out of trucks that carry mobile cranes to provide rigid support 4 eration 2 regular running of system, during entire life cycle, JusingK Pendulum effect: falling whle tied off and swinging into a wall Public 4 ening: bidder or representative attends opening, bidderQs name, price, receipt of bonds announced Pri5ate 4 ening: Ro bidders present, prices may never be released, CC+ promotes release of same info as public openings Public Pri5ate Partners$i (P&): private sector builds facility and rents in to public until the costs and profits ar met. ;t allows the govt)s to build facilities they couldn)t oherwise build 2 DB>>C, paid negotiated lump sum plus guarantees to address risk Partnering: voluntary commitment to get along. Deople who work on the pro.ect meet face to face and do work shops and decide how to deal with disputes. (ood b*c reduced claims, increased productivity*innovation, improved trust. Bad b*c re7uiures trust, difficult to set goals, corporate differences Pro5ince wide !argaining - ;C; construction sector employee and employer representatives to bargain only province2wide single trade agreements expiring on +pril =0th, agreements negotiated every = years Para et:edge of a roof that is raised to prevent falls Pers ecti5e S ecs: they detail a JrecipeK to do part of a pro.ect Payment sc$edule: plant set up to pay C)s in full, but not all at at once so owner is not overwhelmed. Common to use credit. Profit - diff between bid price and amount bidder spent. Chis number added to tender after careful consideration of competitors, experience, influence, innovations and economy Performance S ecs: they specify the 7uality of the end product which must be met. Iow to meet it is your call. Producti5ity Factors - factors affecting how efficiently concrete, formwork, excavation can be done Performance !ond - something goes wrong, surety steps in and fixes it "if principal drops out, B years to file suit% Payment !ond - provides security to subs, if principal gets paid and don)t pay subs, surety pays sub, but D pays them back Pro5incial !uilding and Construction -rades Council - coordinates bargaining between unions Luantity Sur5eyor - owner hired individual producing estimate of needed 7uantities for pro.ect and sends them to bidders to reduce tendering costs, reduce errors and e7ually compare tender comparisons. Luantity take off: taking the 7uantities of materials from plans Resource Allocation: #ystematically assign resources to each activity and prevent going over resource limit

From All Cras$ to 2east -ime: #elect noncritical activities with the largest cost slopes to obtain the greatest possible cost saving. From 2east -ime to Kormal -ime: Choose critical activities with the largest cost slopes. Dro.ect duration will increase.

Sc$edule Performance ,nde6 (SP,) - SP,"!CWP7!CWS8 5alue :' ro(ect a$ead of sc$edule8 5alue 9' ro(ect be$ind sc$edule Sc$edule #ariance (S#) - diff between current progress and scheduled progress of a task in terms of cost, S#"!CWP-!CWS S Cur5es - forecast cash flow, materials, or resource re7uirements Second or Finis$ing 0oldback - give finishing trades claim for work done between substantial completion and pro.ect or contract completion S$eet Piles: corrugated sheets that interlock to keep out water S$o drawings: details for fabricated of parts in shops. Chey are the (C)s responsibility, but owner approves them S$oring: side support Sideroads7lines: roads perpendicular concessions Site lan: lot and ad.acent buildings, utilities, geo tech info, and foundation info S eciality Sector (@A) - specific contracting .obs like astro turf S eculati5e ;e5elo ment - owner and (C build without final client being known. Cypical for residential Start to start: Che initiation of the successor activity depends upon the initiation of the predecessor activities Statement of Claim - after lien filed, initiates legal action Stiff like ;errek - used for marine operations like ship repair and loading*unloading goods Struts: beams that hold side walls aprt Su erstructure: it is the skeleton of the structure as well as windows, walls, electrical, etc Successor Rig$ts - Bargaining rights of a union survive the sale of all or a portion of a business. #erious ramifications to a business. -a6iway: is a path on an airport connecting runways with ramps, hangars, terminals and other facilities -rades Sc$edule - B week schedule "schedule for communication with publicO 2 another pointO% :. Arrow ;iagramming .et$od (A;.): activity on arrow which connects to nodes "event, completion*start%, used very little

;ummy acti5ity- @ero cost and time, maintains logical se7uence of events, maintain specific activity identification between events.

o o

#eries Method, #chedule activities to start as soon as their predecessors have completed Darallel Method, #chedule activities to start as soon as their predecessors have completed. +ctivities can be interrupted

Resource 2e5elling: Level the resources by moving activities based on their free float and total float to avoid delays "done Manually "trial and error%, heuristic methods"optimi@ation%, software algorithms" M# Dro.ect and Drimavera%% Residential (@BA)- very cyclic and operates with low overhead. Many people work from home so they have a big basis for underground economy. Sery low profit margins and built on speculation Rig$ts of 2abour Act '*IE- labour relation responsibility to province "except border industries%, collective agreement between employment and employers, not sub.ect to civil litigation "strikes, lockouts% Roug$ -errain Crane: mobile crane with high underside that can maneuver rough terrain Re5enue - initiated at time client invoiced. Che payment submission is delayed by =0,50, 60 days according to contract Res$oring: poles or .acks that hold up floors that were poured but are still not strong enough to bear weight Renewal P$ase: less demolition, more repurposing Sc$eduling - study of work, access establish baseline for pro.ect, ,manage parties involved in pro.ect Sc$edule Com ression (Cras$ing): accelerate pro.ect, achieve finish date, Crashing an activity will raise cost and shorten time< however, overall duration isn)t reduced unless the activity is on critical path, #chedule compression starts with critical activity having cheapest cost slope, after compression, float in non2critical path"s% is decreased Sc$edule Com ression 2imited SFuare .etres Contact Area: it)s the measure of the contact area to another surface by Float: Full crashing of an activity on critical path is not possible because it eliminates float on noncritical paths and forms another critical path by Parallel Critical Pat$s: +fter two or more critical paths develop, all further crashing must include e7ual reduction in all critical paths to further decrease the pro.ect duration. by Cras$ed Critical Pat$s: Ghen all the activities on the critical path reach their crashed durations, then it is no longer possible to decrease the overall pro.ect duration. Chere is no advantage in crashing non2critical activities. Sc$edule ;ecom ression: Decompression is based on continuous increase of the pro.ect duration from least2time or all crash time to normal duration

B. Precedence ;iagramming .et$od (P;.) - Rodes represent activities and arrows connect them to show dependencies, arrows represent logical time relationship between activities -arion Warranty Cor : Council of 4ntario- advice for renovation, choosing a contractor, and mortgage financing Construction Associations -arion Warranty Cor : they list new homes and provide one or two year warranties for defective work and materials -elesco ing crane , crane that has an arm which extends -o-Com lete Performance ,nde6 (-CP,) - ratio of work remaining to be done to funds remaining to be spent as of the status date, or budget at completion, -CP, " (!AC - !CWP)7 (!AC - ACWP) -otal Float (-F): +mount of time by which start or finish of an activity may be delayed without causing the pro.ect to last longer "CF LF $ !F, L# $ !# LF 2 !F -rans orter: long platform with many set of wheels -y e ' Soil: hard, dense, and low moisture content. Can only be excavated mechanically "whose walls are sloped to within :.B metres of its bottom with a slope having a minimum gradient of one hori@ontal to one vertical% -y e I Soil: stiff, dense, and low moisture,. Medium strength -y e & Soil: firm*compact 2 loose*excavated previously. Ias water seepage and low internal strength -y e D Soil: very soft, and runs easily if unsupported. Get muddy, and exerts fluids pressure "whose walls are sloped with a minimum gradient of three hori@ontal to one vertical% T soil sloping for support system.s 3nit Price: used primarily in excavation, e.g used in rocks digging, disputes can arise between what is rock and soil, referred to as Jpiece workK where independent operators are paid by the amount of work they get done each year 3nderground <conomy: workers as Jindependent operatorsK, exempt from mandatory individual coverage under G#;B #AC " 5ariance at com letion8 !AC - <AC8 Percent com lete: !CWP7!AC8 Percent money s ent: ACWP7!AC #oluntary Recognition - Most bargaining rights are obtained by an employer agreeing to voluntarily recogni@e the union through signing a short agreement. ;n construction, signing a Soluntary ?ecognition +greement automatically binds the employer to the industry wide agreement Wale: hori@ontal beam that ties formwork together Work !reakdown Structure (W!S) - hierarchical structure used to organi@e tasks for reporting schedules and tracking costs "either through GD as mentioned below or Master Format% Work Packages - small2defined set of tasks or activities that form part of an overall pro.ect scope, usually the lowest level of the GB#. MasterFormat most common.