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Memory
1. The tendency for prior learning to inhibit recall of later learning is called
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: D 2. Things that are heard are held as a brief __________ in the sensory register.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: A 3. Twenty years after graduating, a subject is able to correctly identify photographs of students she attended high school with from a larger group of strangers. To do so she has used
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: D . The image that persists for about one!half second after being seen is a"n#
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: $. %ue!dependent "or conte&t dependent# theories of memory suggest that you would do best on your chemistry test if you could be tested
a. b. c. d.
in the room !here you studied. in a chemistry la"oratory. !ith a large group of chemistry ma#ors. !ith students !ho share your interests.
ANSWER: A '. The part of the brain that functions as a (switching station( between the )TM and *TM is the
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: A +. The fact that a bodily state that e&ists during learning can be a strong cue for later memory is ,nown as
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: B 1.. %riticism of reco/ered memories has centered on the fact that
a. it is reasona"le to suspect hidden a"use !hen a person is depressed' has lo! self$
esteem' or sexual pro"lems.
b. most victims of sexual a"use rarely remem"er having "een molested. c. a patient guided "y an incompetent therapist might confuse dreams !ith memories. d. personally important or traumatic memories cannot "e created through suggestion.
ANSWER:
11. Transforming incoming information into a usable form is the stage of memory called
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: B 12. 0elen has a si&!month (gap( in her memories of grade school. 0er (gap( corresponds to the period immediately after her father1s death. 0elen1s memory loss is most li,ely accounted for by
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: B 13. Memories of historical facts are to __________ memory, as memories of your brea,fast this morning are to __________ memory.
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: D 1 . The definition of memory is that it is an acti/e system that recei/es, organi2es, and
a. b. c. d.
stores information. decays information. filters all incoming information. discards old information.
ANSWER: A 1$. 3sychologists ha/e concluded that long!term memories fall into the following two categories4
a. b. c. d.
fact memory and mnemonic memory. procedural memory and fact memory. semantic memory and fact memory. semantic memory and redintegration memory.
ANSWER: B 1'. 5ecay theories of memory loss seem to be most appropriate for
a. b. c. d.
memory "ased on visual images. long$term memory. short$term memory and sensory memory. muscular memory.
ANSWER: 1+. 6ssay 7uestions tend to be more difficult than multiple choice because with an essay 7uestion,
a. b. c. d.
there are more cues to stimulate memory. recall is re*uired rather than recognition. there is more proactive inhi"ition. there is more interference possi"le.
ANSWER: B 1-. The first step in placing information into memory storage is
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: 2.. 8n intelligence test for adults fre7uently has a general ,nowledge section which tests for
a. b. c. d.
d. organi(ation.
ANSWER: 22. 9ecoding, chun,ing, and rehearsal are especially important for the impro/ement of
a. b. c. d.
short$term memory efficiency. eidetic imagery. sensory memory. long$term memory traces.
a. b. c. d.
learning techni*ues for organi(ing or +chun,ing+ information. replacing memory "ased on meaning !ith memory that utili(es images. improvements in short$term memory. improvements in the neural su"strates of memory through drugs and nutrition.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: B 2 . __________ determines what information mo/es from sensory memory to short!term memory.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: B 2$. )tudents often assume that because they can answer all the study 7uestions once, they ha/e sufficiently prepared for a test. This mista,en attitude o/erloo,s the importance of __________ for impro/ing memory.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: A
2'. __________ refers to the fading of memory traces from short!term memory.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: B 2+. The major problem with using hypnosis in police wor, is
a. vicarious inhi"ition. b. that there is little evidence that information gathered "y hypnosis has ever helped solve a
police case.
a. b. c. d.
children than in adults. adults than in children. men than in !omen. !omen than in men.
ANSWER: A 3.. 8 mail cler, has to rearrange mailbo&es in a student dormitory and for a few days has difficulty sorting the mail. This illustrates
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: D 32. :hich of the following determines what information mo/es from sensory memory to short!term memory;
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: D 33. :hen students who go to graduate school ha/e to brush up on a foreign language they learned before, they find it easier the second time around. This illustrates
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: D 34. <rgani2ing information into larger units as a way of impro/ing the efficiency of short! term memory is called
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
.t has an unlimited storage capacity. .t deals !ith information for longer periods of time' usually for at least /0 minutes. .t is seriously affected "y any interruption or interference. 1nce information is placed in S2&' it is permanently stored.
ANSWER: 3$. =nformation is remembered without e&plicit cues or stimuli, often /erbatim in
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: A 3'. )tate dependent learning is a term which refers to the fact that
a. "odily states can "e a strong cue for later memory. b. learning and memory can "e increased !ith the use of drugs. c. happy people have "etter memories.
a. b. c. d.
the tip$of$the$tongue phenomenon. redintegration. the serial position effect. the pseudo$memory effect.
ANSWER: 3-. :hich of the following can help to create false memories;
a. b. c. d.
a. time ta,en for short$term memory to "e complete. b. a"ility to see relationships "et!een o"#ects or events. c. process !here"y memory storage is speeded "y the use of electroconvulsive shoc,
treatment.
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
remem"ering the letters of the alpha"et loo,ing up a phone num"er and remem"ering it !hile you dial remem"ering your name remem"ering ho! to ride a "icycle
a. memory capacity is limited so that !hen ne! information is "rought in' older memories
must "e removed.
b. ne! learning can inhi"it the retrieval of stored memory' and vice$versa. c. forgetting is directly related to the complexity and meaningfulness of the incoming
information.
a. b. c. d.
Rehearsal is an aid to maintaining information in sensory memory. After 34 seconds !ithout rehearsal' information is gone from S2&. Rehearsal interferes !ith chun,ing and recoding of information in S2&. Rehearsal aids the transfer of information from S2& to %2&.
ANSWER: D 4 . The (magic number( __________ represents the a/erage number of (bits( of information that short!term memory can usually handle.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: 4$. __________ memory is that part of long!term memory containing factual information.
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
it is important to retrieve all past memories. total recall !ould paraly(e us mentally. past episodic memories are highly accurate and detailed. environmental experiences are recalled !ith the highest degree of accuracy.
ANSWER: B 4+. The ,ind of memory that lasts for only a second or two is
a. long$term memory.
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a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: D .. __________ is ,nown for memori2ing nonsense syllables and plotting a cur/e of forgetting.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: 1. :hich term refers to the obser/ation that we alter memories by filling in gaps or by adding new information;
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: B 2. :hen a person fills in gaps in memory with logic the process is called
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: B 3. (>lashbulb( memories, which are /i/id, lasting images of e/ents associated with personal tragedy, may be produced in part by
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a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
short$term memory' long$term memory' retrieval. !or,ing memory' sensory memory' long$term memory. sensory memory' short$term memory' long$term memory. short$term memory' sensory memory' long$term memory.
ANSWER: $. *et1s say you ha/e a friend, 0arriet, who is ha/ing trouble memori2ing information for an anatomy class. The simplest and most helpful thing you could do would be to e&plain __________ to her.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: A '. 8n area of the brain of particular importance for memory storage is the
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: A +. The memory system used for relati/ely permanent storage of meaningful information is called __________ memory.
a. b. c. d.
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a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: A $.. The fact that many people don1t ,now which way *incoln is facing on the penny is probably due to
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: D $1. ?oan repeats a list of /ocabulary words for the )panish test to mo/e them from her short!term to long!term memory. This repetition is called
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: A $3. 8n e&pert typist who cannot describe the e&act location of letters on a typewriter ,eyboard is demonstrating the importance of
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: A
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$4. The 6bbinghaus cur/e of forgetting shows that forgetting is most rapid
a. b. c. d.
immediately after learning. one hour after learning. after one !ee,. a fe! months after learning.
ANSWER: A
$ . The inability to recall e/ents preceding an accident in/ol/ing injuries to the head is called
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
those memories recalled after amnesia. false memories resulting from constructive processing. delusions associated !ith mental illness. short$term memories.
a. b. c. d.
3 7 8 9 :; the sixteenth president the accident you sa! three !ee,s ago num"er of Ds o!ned
a. the information to "e remem"ered is repeated over and over. b. it is used to lin, ne! information !ith existing memories and ,no!ledge. c. memories are updated or reorgani(ed on the "asis of logic' reasoning' or the addition of
ne! information.
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a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: A '.. 8cti/ating implicit memories by pro/iding partial information that is lin,ed with them is called
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
as learning is still going on. very rapidly at first and then levels off to a slo! decline. not until three to four hours after the learning trial is over. slo!ly at first "ut is essentially complete !ithin one hour.
a. b. c. d.
your first car the sixteenth president your third #o" the accident you sa! three !ee,s ago
ANSWER: B '3. The word used to describe how information gets into the memory system is
a. b. c. d.
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d. retrieved.
ANSWER: D ' . Aour recollections about your last birthday are stored in your __________ memory.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: A '$. =f you witnessed a crime and were as,ed to pic, out the criminal from a lineup, you would be doing what ,ind of memory tas,;
a. b. c. d.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: '+. __________ memory is that part of long!term memory made up of conditioned responses and learned s,ills.
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: D '-. %onsciously forcing painful or an&iety!producing thoughts from memory is called
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER:
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a. b. c. d.
far "etter than average. slightly "etter than average. average. no "etter than average.
ANSWER: D +1. 8 brain!injured patient who can still e&ecute a perfect golf swing or a high di/e but is unable to recall or relearn e/en the broad outlines of 8merican history is superior in
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: A +2. =nterference theories of forgetting suggest that retention will be best when study is followed by
a. b. c. d.
sleep. light reading or !atching 2>. studying similar su"#ect matter. studying different su"#ect matter.
ANSWER: A +3. 8 multiple choice 7uestion "li,e this one# ma,es greatest use of which type of memory;
a. b. c. d.
ANSWER: B