SLIDE 1: A persons body is affected by the arrangement of the workspace.

The workspace should be designed based from our body characteristics. The goal for the designing of workplaces is to design for as many people as possible and to have an understanding of the Ergonomic principles of posture and movement which play a central role of a safe, healthy and comfortable work environment. The layout of the workstation, the tools, and the placement of keys, controls and displays that the worker needs to operate or observe will determine, and as rule, limit the body positions that the worker can assume. SLIDE 2: A.POSTURE The workstation should be designed to keep the body in neutral posture or position. In the neutral position the muscles and ligaments are stretched to the least possible extent. The left side of the figure shows an example of a bad posture. On the other hand, the figure on the right side shows a good posture. Its shows that the .. SLIDE 3: B. Standing is a natural human posture and by itself poses no particular health hazard. However, working in a standing position on a regular basis can cause sore feet, swelling of the legs, varicose veins, general muscular fatigue, low back pain, stiffness in the neck and shoulders, and other health problems. These are common complaints among sales people, machine operators, assembly-line workers and others whose jobs require prolonged standing To avoid this, you should maintain a good position while standing SLIDE 4: C. SEATING many of us spend a lot of our time every day in front of the computer. Prolonged seating can cause back pain, pressure on the legs and other health problems. To avoid this, your work area especially your seat should be designed ergonomically. It should provide postural stability while you work.

The following are the guidelines that should be considered in designing you workspace.

...This is to accomodate without putting pressure on the butttocks or thighs at least 18.2 in wide. Seatsurface should be comfortably but firmly upholsterde to distribute pressure evenly.

2. The seat height should be adjustable within a range of approximately 15 to 20 in, if the work surface is at standard desk height.

3. A minimum 8 in vertical clearance should be provided under the work surface with 26 in forward clearance for feet and legs. Foot rests should be between 1 to 9 in hihg and be slanted with a depth f about 12 in.

4.The back should be supported in the lumbar region. Preferably, the backrest should be adjusted both horizontally and vertically. the backrest should at least be 6 to 9 in. hihg and 12 to 14 in wide . The support should maintain the back in its natural s position.

One of the most important aspects of a good sitting habit is movement. Standing up from your chair and frequently adjusting your sitting posture can be one of the best methods to guard against injury and fatigue.

SLIDE 5: DISPLAY AND CONTROLS

controls and equipment should be positioned in relation to how they are used. Place those used most often where they are easy to reach without the need to stoop, stretch or hunch. To avoid unnecessary reach, make sure that your input device is positioned directly to the left or right of your keyboard on the same surface.

Place accessories and other items such as your phone, reference materials and other frequently used objects within easy reach (try to keep your elbows at your sides). You may want to clear your work surface of clutter to provid Items that are used frequently are of convenient reach. necessary space to organize things efficiently. Place your document holder as close to the monitor screen as possible. Typically, these devices allow you to position documents right next to the screen or between the screen and the keyboard. If you use a phone on a consistent basis, a headset can allow you to work more comfortably. These devices come with many features and functions, so be sure to select a headset that best meets your job requirements

SLIDE 6:

VDT VDT (video display terminal) is a term used, especially in ergonomic studies, for the computer display . A display is a computer output surface and projecting mechanism that shows text and often graphic images to the computer user, using a cathode ray tube ( CRT ), liquid crystal display ( LCD ), light-emitting diode, gas plasma, or other image projection technology.

The figure shows the proper distance, the right angle, and the height of the equipments on the work area. The screen shoud be tilt back 10 to 15 degrees. The top of the screen should not be higher than eye level The screen should be adjustable in placement on the desk. A comfortable viewing distance is usually bet 6 to 20 in Keyboard height and placement should be adjustable like seat and desk height. Adequate space under work surface for legs. Chair properly adjusted to fit the person and workstation. Appropriate work surface height. and also proper lighting must be included to avoid eyestrain when inspecting detail on work items. while working always remember that it is important to maintain our body in neutral position so that the health hazards should be avoided.