BASIC SEISMIC PROCESSING

FREQUENCY FILTERING

PART 07

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Contents

Contents...
Introduction Types of frequency filters Filter definition Frequency analysis Filter Application

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Introduction

Frequency filtering attenuates unwanted frequencies.

1D Filters cannot distinguish between signal and noise at any given frequency
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Types of Filter - 1

Usually a BANDPASS filter - cuts out frequencies beyond specified limits

Occasionally a RANDOM filter which also modifies amplitudes within the bandpass.
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Types of Filter - 2

Also...
LOW-CUT (=HIGH PASS) filters HIGH-CUT (=LOW-PASS) filters NOTCH filters

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Filter definition - 1

A true Box-car band pass filter requires an infinitely long operator. By using truncated filters side-lobes are introduced......

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Filter Definition - 2

To reduce effect of side- lobes a sloped filter is defined....

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Filter Definition - 3

The wider the bandpass the less the size of the side-lobes.....

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Filter Definition - 4

The less steep the slopes the less the size of the sidelobes.....

Further reduction in side-lobe size achieved by use of operator smoothing....

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Filter Definition - 5

Use of only high frequencies does NOT give a short operator.....

A wide bandpass is required.....

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Filter Analysis - 1

Keep the high side constant and test different low sides..... Keep the low side constant and test different high sides.....

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Filter Analysis - 2

Test constant bandwidths.....

Test increasingly wide bandwidths.....

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Filter Analysis - 3

Test may be displayed with or, more normally, without scaling...

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Filter Application - 1

May be applied by...

CONVOLUTION in the TIME DOMAIN.

MULTIPLICATION in the FREQUENCY DOMAIN

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Filter Application - 2

The ends of the trace are not correctly filtered if applied in the time domain

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Filter Application - 3

Time Variant filters may be defined.....

....there must however be smooth transition between filters.....

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Basic Filtering - Summary

Digital filters used to restrict the frequency bandpass of the data Different filters.
Bandpass High-Cut Low-Cut Random Notch

Digital filters are not infinite in length and therefore must be ramped to avoid edge effects. Effects reduced by..
Widening slopes Widening the pass band Lengthening the operator

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