ECE 329

1.

Homework 2  Solutions

will be

Due: Tue, Sep 10, 2013, 5PM

1
0 V

a) According to Gauss's law, the electric ux

E dS =
S

1
0 V

dV =

2dV =

128
0

Vm, (3pts)

where its unit is volts-times-meter. b) For

C3 , (x, y, z ) = x2 + y 2 + z 2 m
E dS =
S

1
0 V

dV =

1
0 2 2 2

(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )dxdydz =

256
0

Vm.(4pts)

c) Taking advantage of the symmetry of the charge distribution, it can be easily veried that the electric ux through each of the six faces of the cube must be equal, i.e., Hence, the electric ux in part (b) for any of the square surfaces of volume,

1 = 2 = ... = 6 . V is

i =
2. Gauss' Law (

1 256 128 = Vm(3pts). 6 3 o o

D dS = Q) is valid for any surface S enclosing the charges Q1 and Q2 . The total ux through the yz plane will be the sum of the ux through this plane due to Q1 and Q2 . Referring to the logic based on symmetry of the charges in Example 5 in Lecture 3, the ux through the yz plane
S
will be the superposition of half of the ux emanating from each charge. Hence, the total ux through the entire

yz plane

will be

yz plane
from which we obtain

D1 |x=0 (x dydz ) + D2 |x=0 ( xdydz ) = Q2 Q1 = 3 C(1pts). 2

Q1 Q2 + (3pts), 2 2
(1)

Following the same procedure, the total ux crossing the plane located at will be

y=1

in the

+ y

direction

yz plane
from which we obtain

D1 |y=1 ( y dxdz ) +

yz plane

D2 |y=1 ( y dxdz ) =

Q1 Q2 + (3pts) 2 2
(2)

Solving for (1) and (2), we obtain 3.

Q2 + Q1 = 4 C(1pts). 2 Q1 = 7 C, and Q2 = 1 C(2pts).

For the pair of sheets shown in diagram (i), the displacement vectors at the origin due to charge sheet 1 and 2 can be written as

D1 = D2 =

1 C 1 s1 x = x , (2pts) and 2 2 m2 1 1 C s2 (x ) = x (2pts), 2 2 m2 D = D1 + D2 = 0(1pts).

respectively. The resultant displacement vector will be

Following the same procedure, the displacement vectors at the origin due to charge sheet 1 and 2 shown in diagram (ii) will be

D1 = D2 =

1 1 C = x , (2pts) and s1 x 2 2 m2 1 C ) = 1 x 2 (2pts), s2 (x 2 m

respectively. The resultant displacement vector will be 4.

C2 (1pts). D = D1 + D2 = 3 m 2x
t = 0,
the total force

a) For the particle to levitate motionless at the position where it was place at exerted on the particle must be zero. gravity and is

There are two types of forces exerted on the particle : that the sheet is parallel to the earth

Fg = mg and electric force FE = QE. Asuming laid over xy plane, the total force will be

mg (z ) + QE z = 0(2pts)
where

(3)

is the gravity constant and

E =

s 2 o.

Rearranging (3), the sheet charge density is

calculated as

s = mg

2 o 1 1 C = 18 103 9.8 2 = 2.45 2 (3pts). 9 6 Q 36 10 4 10 m

b) In this case, the charge density of the planar sheet is doubled compared to that dened in part (a), while the gravity is the same. Therefore, the magnitude of the acceleration vector of the particle which will move in the

+ z direction

can be dened as

a (t) = g, (1pts)
which leads to

v (t) = v0 +
0 t

a (t) dt = gt, (2pts) v (t) dt = d0 + gt2 (2pts), 2

d (t) = d0 +
0
where

v0 = 0

and

d0 = 9.8 m.

5. This problem is similar to Example 4 in Lecture 3. The individual electric elds induced by the 3 slabs can be written as shifted-in-x versions of the result obtained in the example 2 of lecture 3. Knowing from Page 3 of Lecture 3 that the eld of a constant volume density is given by we can write the electric eld for each slab as

E=x x , o

1 0 1 2 W x 2 0W = x 0 1 0 3 (2pts)E1 = x x + 2 W = x 2 (2x + 3W ) 0 101 0 x 2 0 W = x 2 0 W

for x < 2W for 2W < x < W for x > W

 W 2 W 0 0 0 x 2 =x 2 0 (2pts)E2 = x x+ 1 (2x + W ) 0 0 2 W = x 2 W 0 W x 0 2 = x 0 3 W 0 0 W 2 x 2 = x 0 3 1 0 (2pts)E3 = x x 2W = x (4x 2W ) 0 0 20 3 W x 0 2 =x 0W 0 1 x 0 2W 0 0 x+ 5 x 2W 0 7 (2pts)E = x Ex = E1 + E2 + E3 = x W 0 2x + 2 0 7 x 4x 2 W 0 0 1 x 0 2W

which is plotted below(2pts).

for x < W for W < x < 0 for x > 0 for x < 0 for 0 < x < W for x > W

Superposing the electric elds calculated for each slab,we obtain the total eld

for x < 2W for 2W < x < W , for W < x < 0 for 0 < x < W for x > W

Ex(x)0 / 0

1.0W 0.5W 0 0.5W 1.0W

Ex0 / 0

1.5W 2.0W 2.5W 3.0W 3.5W 4.0W 3W 2W W 0

x

2W

3W

6. a) Curl and divergence of the vector eld

F = xx + yy are x y
y

z
z

F = (x x + y y) =
and

= 0, (1pts)

x +y +z x y z

F=

(x x + y y ) = 2, (1pts)

respectively. When we sketch the vector eld

F,

we obtain the following gure(2pts).

3 3

Figure 1: Vector eld

F = xx + yy .
we obtain

b) Applying the procedure in part (a) for

F = yx xy , x
x

y
y

z
z

F = (x x + y y) =

= 2 z (1pts),

y
and

F=

+y +z x y z F,

(y x x y ) = 0(1pts)

respectively. When we sketch the vector eld

we obtain the following gure(2pts).

3 3

Figure 2: Vector eld

F = yx xy .

c) i.

Curl is a vector operator that describes the rotation of a 3-D vector eld.
F
in part (b) is dened only by the curl operator (i.e. divergence-free), implies the eld strength varies

In short, it is

the vector representing circulation per unit area as seen in Figure 2. Since the vector eld

ii.

Divergence is an operator picking up the variation of the eld strength along the direction
of the vector eld. As seen in part (b), the divergence operator picks up the eld strength of the vector varies

across(1pts) the direction of the eld.

F = 2 z=0

F = xx + yy which is curl-free. Therefore, F = 2 =0 implies the eld strength along(1pts) the direction of the eld.

7. a) The static displacement eld in the region is specied as form of Gauss' law, we determine

D=

3 z 4 sgn(z )

C m2 . Using the dierential

where

()

is the Dirac

generated by an innite

3 3 C ( sgn(z ) ) = (z ) 3 , (4pts) z 4 2 m delta function and z (sgn(z )) = 2 (z ). Then, the displacement surface charge s along the xy -plane can be written as =D= D=
s z>0 s 2 z = sgn(z ) z . s 2 +2 z z<0

eld

Referring to pages 6 and 7 in Lecture 3, we can state that an innite surface charge density

s =

3 2

C m2

can be represented as a volumetric charge density

3 C3 . = 2 (z ) m

b) Given the static displacement eld given in the problem, we nd

0 Dy C3 =D= = 2 m y 0

y < 10 m, (2pts) |y | < 10 m, (2pts) y > 10 m.(2pts)

8. Taking the curl of the Coulomb's eld of a charge

Q,

we nd

x E=
x

y
y

z
z

Ex Ey Ez

Ey Ez y z

x +

Ex Ez z x

y +

Ey Ex x y

z , (4pts)

whose each component is solved as

Ey Ez y z

Q z y 3 4 o y r z r3 3z r 3y r Q = 4 4 o r4 y r z Q 3zy 3yz = 5 = 0, (2pts) 4 o r 5 r = Q x Q z 3 4 o z r 4 o x r3 Q y Q x 3 4 o x r 4 o y r3

likewise,

Ex Ez z x Ey Ex x y

= =

= 0, (2pts) = 0.(2pts) E = 0.

Thefore, the curl of the electrostatic eld generated by a point charge is always zero, i.e. 9. For a)

E=x cos x + y sin x, x E=

x

y
y

z
z

=z cos x, (3pts)

cos x sin x x ( E) =
b)

0 z
z

y
y

= y sin x.(3pts)

0 (4pts)Referring

cos x

to the dierential form of Gauss' law, we can write

=D=
from which we obtain

0 (

E) ,

=
10. For a)

+y +z x y z

( xcos x + y sin x) = 0 sin x

C m3

V (x, y, z ) = 2z x2 V

in a certain region of space,

E = V = x x + y y + z z

V (2pts), 2z x2 = 2x x 2z m

x
b)

y
y

z
z

E=

= 0(3pts),
and

2x
c) d)

V2 (2pts), E = x x + y y + z z (2x x 2 z) = 2 m

= D = ( 0 E) =

0 (

E) = 2

m3 (3pts).