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The Nun of Tanwin is pronounced only if there is no pause (Waqf) at the end
of the word. If there is a pause (Waqf), the Nun is not pronounced and the
Alif is pronounced as usual, i.e. for two counts (Harakah).
Notice that no [ ] اis added to the form of nouns when they have Tanwin
with [ ٍ ].
Notice that no [ ] اis to be added to the form of nouns when they have
Tanwin with Dammatain.
For example, [ ] تwith Dammatain is pronounced as [tun].
Sakin Ya"
When a letter has the diacritical mark Sukun over it, it is pronounced with
no following vowel. For example,
[ من
ِ ] with Sukun over Nun [ ] نis pronounced "min", while [ ن
َ م
ِ ] with
Fathah over Nun [ ] نis pronounced "mina".
On the other hand, when the letter [ ] يhas a Sukun over it and the
preceding letter has a Fathah [ َ ], the vowel is pronounced as two vowels run
together as in the English word "buy".
Sakin Waw
When a letter has the diacritical mark Sukun over it, it is pronounced with
no following vowel. For example,
[ من
ِ ] with Sukun over Nun [ ] نis pronounced "min", while [ ن
َ م
ِ ] with
Fathah over Nun [ ] نis pronounced "mina".
If the letter before the Waw [ ] وhas a Fathah and the Waw [ ] وhas a
Sukun, the vowel is pronounced like two vowels together as in the English
word "cow".
Sakin Mim
When a letter has the diacritical mark Sukun over it, it is pronounced with
no following vowel. For example,
[ من
ِ ] with Sukun over Nun [ ] نis pronounced "min", while [ ن
َ م
ِ ] with
Fathah over Nun [ ] نis pronounced "mina".
Unlike [ ] بand [ ] و, the air released with Mim [ ] مgoes out through the
nose.
Pronounce Sakin Mim [ ] مin the same way you pronounce the letter [m] in
the word "come".
The pronunciation of Sakin Mim [ ] مwill be sharp and clear except when it
is followed by the letters Ba" [ ] بor Mim [ ] م.
Sakin Nun
When a letter has the diacritical mark Sukun over it, it is pronounced with
no following vowel. For example,
[ من
ِ ] with Sukun over Nun [ ] نis pronounced "min", while [ ن
َ م
ِ ] with
Fathah over Nun [ ] نis pronounced "mina".
When a Nun [ ] نhas a printed Sukun (in the `Uthmanic calligraphy of the
Qur"an copies), it will be pronounced sharp and clear.
The Sakin Nun [ ] نis pronounced sharp and clear when followed by one of
the letters [ خ- غ- ح- ع- هـ- ] ء.
Tanwin is also pronounced sharp and clear when followed by one of the
letters [ غ – خ- ح- ع- هـ- ء
These letters compose the group [ ت- ك- س- ف- ص- خ- ش- هـ- ث- ح
].
Musta`liah letters are pronounced thickly and with an elevated sound as the
tongue contracts and rises toward the roof of the mouth.
These letters are [ ظ- ق- ط- غ- ض- ص- ] خ.
For information on the letters with similar pronunciation, see the related
chapter in Lesson One.
Hamzah Wasl
To pause at the end of any word while reciting, you must replace the vowel
mark on the last letter with a Sukun.
This principle is applicable regardless of the vowel mark on the last letter
except when it is a Tanwin [ ً ].
Waqf with [ ] ا
Tanwin is an additional Nun that is pronounced but not written at the end of
certain words (nouns and adjectives) when there is no pause after the word.
To pause at a word ending with a Tanwin [ ً ], you must replace [ ً ] with the
long vowel [ ] ا.
To pause at a word ending with Ta" Marbutah [ ] ـة, regardless of its vowel
mark, you must replace [ ] ـةwith Sakin [ ] ـه.
Madd [Prolongation]
The Madd Letters are: [ ] اwhatever the diacritical mark of the preceding
consonant, [ ] وwith the preceding consonant having [ ُ ] and [ ] يwith the
preceding consonant having [ ِ ].
These letters are pronounced with Madd when they precede a Hamzah in
the same word [Connected Madd], or in the next word [Detached Madd].
The duration of Madd is five counts [Harakah]. In detached Madd the
duration may be only two counts [Harakah].
Mushaddad [ ن
ّ ] and [ م
ّ ]
In these cases, the pronunciation of final Sakin [ ] م,[ ] نor Tanwin would
be assimilated into the initial [ ] نand [ ] مof the following word.
Shamsiah []ل
The letter [ ] لin the definite article [ ] الis designated as Shamsiah when
followed by one of the following letters: [ - ص- ش- س- ز- ر- ذ- د- ث- ت
ن-م-ل-ظ-ط-]ض
The [ ] لshould not be pronounced, but instead the following letter should
be pronounced Mushaddad (doubled).
This rule applies regardless of the Harakah [vowel mark] these letters have.
When letters other than the previous group come after [ ] ال, they will not
be Mushaddad and the letter [ ] لin the article [ ] الwill be pronounced
clearly.
[ ] بFollowing Sakin [ ] م
If a Sakin [ ] مis followed by the letter [ ] بin the following word, the
pronunciation of [ ] مis suppressed with Ghunnah and the sound moves
ýtoward [ ] ب.
Lam Al-Jalalah
More of the tongue touches the roof of the mouth, and the Fathah on the
Lam sounds closer to the [o] in "log".
ّ ] is
If there is a Kasrah on the letter preceding Lam Al-Jalalah, [ ل
pronounced Muraqqaq [softly]. Less of the tongue touches the roof of the
mouth, and the Fathah on the Lam sounds closer to the [a] in "bat".
In this case, neither the [ ] نnor Tanwin is pronounced and the [ ] رwill be
Mushaddad.
When a Sakin [ ] نor Tanwin precedes the letter [ ] ل, neither the [ ] نnor
Tanwin is pronounced.
The Madd letters are [ ] اregardless of the diacritical mark of the preceding
consonant, [ ] وwith the preceding consonant having [ ُ ] and [ ] يwith the
preceding consonant having [ ِ ].
When a Mushaddad letter follows one of the Madd letters, the Madd letter"s
duration should be held to six counts (Harakah).
Idgham [Assimilation]
If a Sakin [ ] نor Tanwin precedes [ ] وor [ ] ي, the [ ] نand Tanwin will be
assimilated into the following [ ] وor [ ] ي.
Iqlab [Alteration]
If a Sakin [ ] نor Tanwin comes before [ ] ب, the Sakin [ ] نor Tanwin is
pronounced as a Sakin [ ] مwith a Ghunnah [nasal twang].
Notice that a small [ ] مis written over [ ] نand Tanwin in this case.
Ikhfa" technically means hiding or suppressing one letter into the other.
If a Sakin [ ] نor Tanwin comes before an Ikhfa" letter, the nasal sound of [
] نor Tanwin is suppressed and moved toward the next letter.
The Ikhfa" letters are [ - ت- ف- ز- ط- د- س- ق- ش- ج- ك- ث- ذ- ص
ظ- ] ض.