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For acids of elements in the same row, the bond strengths tend to be more similar to each other, and so the polarity of the bond plays a greater role in determining acid strength. Since polarity depends on the electronegativity of the atoms involved, acid strength tends to increase with electronegativity, because the bond tends to be more polar. Here we see that methane is nonpolar, while polarity, electronegativity, and acid strength, increase as we move along the row to HF.
Problem 15.26
Identify the stronger acid in each of the following pairs: a) H2S or H2Se HxA acids from the same group tend affected more by bond strength, which decreases as we go down the table. H2Se is stronger. b) HI or H2Te HxA acids from the same row tend affected more by electronegativity, which increase as we go right on the table. HI is stronger. c) HNO2 or HNO3 While the formulas make it difficult to see it directly, these are oxoacids (HONOx) where an oxygen is bonded to the hydrogen and the nitrogen. Since oxoacids of the same element get stronger as the oxidation number increase, HNO3 should be the stronger acid. d) H2SO3 or H2SeO3 While the formulas make it difficult to see it directly, these are oxoacids (HOXO2) where an oxygen is bonded to the hydrogen and the other atom. Since oxoacids of the different elements get stronger as electronegativity increases, H2SO3 should be the stronger acid, as S is more electronegative.
acid-base adducts
In the picture, BF3 is a Lewis acid, as the B atom can accept 2 electrons to complete its octet of electrons. The N of the NH3 has a lone pair that can be donated, making NH3 a Lewis base. The product of the Lewis acid-base reaction is an acid-base adduct.
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