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INFORMATION PROCESSING
Information processing involves 3 steps: Input (the information people receive from their senses) Central Processing (storing and sorting of this information in the brain) Output (ideas and actions that result from processing
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INFORMATION PROCESSING
Selective Attention is: The ability to pick and choose among the various available inputs.
INFORMATION PROCESSING
For example: readers will generally focus only on the important words, and skim over smaller words like the and a.
STORING INFORMATION
Psychologists distinguish between 3 kinds of memory: 1. Sensory Storageholds information for only a second or so 2. Short-term Memorykeeps information as long as you repeat it 3. Long-term Memorymay be stored indefinitely; is intended for future use
SHORT-TERM MEMORY
Two strategies for preserving memories in the short term are: Rehearsalrepeating the information, either in your mind or out loud. Chunkingstoring information in smaller groups in order to remember it more accurately.
Eidetic memory is: Photographic memory (very specific details can be remembered from something viewed)
Techniques for using associations to memorize information. Examples are: Using the phrase Every Good Boy Does Fine to remember the names of the musical notes on the lines of a staff (E-G-B-D-F) Picturing someone attacking a giant cube with a pickax in order to remember that Picasso (which sounds kind of like pickax) was a cubist. This is an example of a mnemonic device in the form of a mental picture.
KINDS OF THINKING
There are three main kinds of thinking: Directed thinkinga systematic and logical attempt to reach a specific goal Nondirected thinkinga free flow of thoughts, usually images, with no particular goal or plan Metacognitionthinking about thinking
CREATIVITY
Creativity (the ability to use information in an original and meaningful way) has several aspects, including: Flexibilitythe ability to overcome rigidity Recombinationa new mental arrangement Insightthe sudden emergence of a solution by recombination of elements (the aha experience)
THE BRAIN
The higher thinking processes happen in the forebrain. The forebrain consists of the cerebral cortex (outer layer) and the cerebrum (inner layer) To help describe the brain, scientists refer to four different lobes (Parietal, Occipital, Temporal and Frontal)
THE BRAIN
The brain is divided into two hemispheres that are connected by a band of nerves called the corpus callosum. Generally, the brain communicates with the rest of the body in a crisscross fashionfor example, the motor cortex of the left hemisphere controls most of the right side of the body.
GLANDS
Glands include: The pituitary (the master gland)it controls the output of hormones by other glands The thyroidit affects how much energy people have Adrenal glandscontrol the release of adrenaline (when someone becomes angry or frightened)